The document outlines the main postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases, including the constant motion of gas molecules and their negligible volume. It explains key concepts such as the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature, the mathematical expressions for root mean square speed and average kinetic energy, and the behavior of gases under various conditions. Additionally, it addresses why gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.
The document outlines the main postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases, including the constant motion of gas molecules and their negligible volume. It explains key concepts such as the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature, the mathematical expressions for root mean square speed and average kinetic energy, and the behavior of gases under various conditions. Additionally, it addresses why gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.
The document outlines the main postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases, including the constant motion of gas molecules and their negligible volume. It explains key concepts such as the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature, the mathematical expressions for root mean square speed and average kinetic energy, and the behavior of gases under various conditions. Additionally, it addresses why gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.
The document outlines the main postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases, including the constant motion of gas molecules and their negligible volume. It explains key concepts such as the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature, the mathematical expressions for root mean square speed and average kinetic energy, and the behavior of gases under various conditions. Additionally, it addresses why gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.
1. What are the main postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases?
Answer: 1. Gas molecules are in constant, random motion. 2. The volume of individual gas molecules is negligible. 3. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic. 4. There are no intermolecular forces between gas molecules. 5. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to absolute temperature.
2. Fill in the blank: The kinetic energy of a gas molecule is directly proportional to its __________. Answer: Absolute temperature (Kelvin).
3. True or False: The pressure of a gas is caused by collisions of gas molecules with each other. Answer: False. Pressure is caused by collisions of gas molecules with the container walls.
4. What is the mathematical expression for the root mean square (rms) speed of gas molecules? Answer: v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M), where: - R = Universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K) - T = Absolute temperature (Kelvin) - M = Molar mass of gas (kg/mol).
5. Explain why gases expand to fill the entire volume of their container. Answer: According to the Kinetic Theory, gas molecules are in constant, random motion and experience no intermolecular attractions, allowing them to spread evenly throughout the container.
6. Fill in the blank: The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is given by the equation __________. Answer: KE_avg = (3/2) k_B T, where k_B is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10^-23 J/K).
7. True or False: Lighter gas molecules move slower than heavier gas molecules at the same temperature. Answer: False. Lighter gas molecules move faster than heavier ones at the same temperature due to their lower mass.
8. What is the relationship between pressure and the kinetic energy of gas molecules? Answer: P = (1/3) (N/V) m v^2 Pressure is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.
9. Why do gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressure and low temperature? Answer: - At high pressure, gas molecules are forced closer together, and their volume is no longer negligible. - At low temperature, intermolecular forces become significant, leading to deviations from ideal gas behavior.
10. Fill in the blank: The most probable speed of gas molecules is given by the formula __________. Answer: v_mp = sqrt(2RT/M).
