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CPP Programming Notes

This document provides an introduction to C++ programming, outlining its basic structure, including preprocessor directives, the main function, and program statements. It covers variables and common data types such as int, float, double, char, and string, along with examples of declaring and using these variables. Additionally, it includes an exercise for readers to practice by creating a program that declares and prints their name, age, and favorite number.

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4 views3 pages

CPP Programming Notes

This document provides an introduction to C++ programming, outlining its basic structure, including preprocessor directives, the main function, and program statements. It covers variables and common data types such as int, float, double, char, and string, along with examples of declaring and using these variables. Additionally, it includes an exercise for readers to practice by creating a program that declares and prints their name, age, and favorite number.

Uploaded by

bkma14115
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ Programming Notes

Lesson 1: Introduction to C++

C++ is a high-level, general-purpose programming language widely used for system/software

development, game development, and applications requiring high performance.

Basic Structure of a C++ Program:

Every C++ program has at least three parts:

1. Preprocessor Directives: Code that runs before the actual program starts.

2. Main Function: The starting point of every C++ program.

3. Statements: Instructions that tell the computer what to do.

Example Program:

#include <iostream> // Preprocessor Directive

// Main Function: The entry point of the program

int main() {

// Output statement: Display "Hello, World!" on the screen

std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;

return 0; // Exit the program

Breaking Down the Code:

- #include <iostream>: This line tells the program to include the iostream library, which is needed to

handle input and output (like printing text on the screen).

- int main(): This is the main function where the program starts. Every C++ program needs a main()

function.
- std::cout: This is used to output text to the console (screen). std::endl adds a new line.

- return 0;: This indicates that the program ran successfully.

Lesson 2: Variables and Data Types

In C++, variables are used to store data. A variable needs a type (what kind of data it holds) and a

name.

Common Data Types:

- int: Integer numbers (e.g., 1, 100, -5).

- float: Floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14, -0.01).

- double: Double precision floating-point numbers (more precise than float).

- char: A single character (e.g., 'a', '1', '$').

- string: A sequence of characters (e.g., "Hello").

Declaring Variables:

You need to declare a variable before you use it. Here's how you declare different types:

Example Code:

#include <iostream>

#include <string> // for string data type

int main() {

int age = 25; // integer

float weight = 72.5f; // floating point

double height = 1.75; // double precision

char grade = 'A'; // character

std::string name = "John"; // string


// Displaying the values of the variables

std::cout << "Name: " << name << std::endl;

std::cout << "Age: " << age << std::endl;

std::cout << "Weight: " << weight << std::endl;

std::cout << "Height: " << height << std::endl;

std::cout << "Grade: " << grade << std::endl;

return 0;

Exercise 1:

Try writing a program that:

1. Declares variables for your name, age, and favorite number.

2. Prints out the values of these variables.

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