3 fluids

National Institute of technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Winter 2024-25
ME1211E Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
TUTORIAL 3: Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces & Buoyancy
1. A 1 m square plate is used as gate to support a water column. It is inclines at 45° to
horizontal and the top edge is 12 m below the water surafce. What is the resultant
hydrostatic force and where it acts? If it is hinged at the bottom, what minimum force is
required to open the gate?
2. A rectangular gate that is 2 m wide is located in the vertical wall of a tank containing water
as shown in Fig. It is desired to have the gate open automatically when the depth of water
above the top of the gate reaches 10 m. (a) At what distance, d, should the frictionless
horizontal shaft be located? (b) What is the magnitude of the force on the gate when it
opens?
3. A 3-m-wide, 8-m-high rectangular gate is located at the end of a rectangular passage that
is connected to a large open tank filled with water as shown in Fig. The gate is hinged at
its bottom and held closed by a horizontal force,𝐹𝐻 , located at the center of the gate. The
maximum value for𝐹𝐻 is 3500 kN. (a) Determine the maximum water depth, h, above the
center of the gate that can exist without the gate opening. (b) Is the answer the same if
the gate is hinged at the top? Explain your answer.
4. A vertical plane area having the shape shown in Fig. is immersed in an oil bath. Determine
the magnitude of the resultant force acting on one side of the area as a result of the oil.
5. A room in the lower level of a cruise ship has a 30-cm-diameter circular window. If the
midpoint of the window is 5 m below the water surface, determine the hydrostatic force
acting on the window, and the pressure center. Take the specific gravity of seawater to be
1.025.
6. A 4-m-high, 5-m-wide rectangular plate blocks the end of a 4-m-deep freshwater channel,
as shown in Fig. The plate is hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge through
a point A and is restrained from opening by a fixed ridge at point B. Determine the force
exerted on the plate by the ridge.
7. A water trough of semicircular cross section of radius 0.5 m consists of two symmetric
parts hinged to each other at the bottom, as shown in Fig. The two parts are held together
by a cable and turnbuckle placed every 3 m along the length of the trough. Calculate the
tension in each cable when the trough is filled to the rim.
8. A 3-m-diameter open cylindrical tank contains water and has a hemispherical bottom as
shown in Fig. Determine the magnitude, line of action, and direction of the force of the
water on the curved bottom.
9. Three gates of negligible weight are used to hold back water in a channel of width b as
shown in Fig. The force of the gate against the block for gate (b) is R. Determine (in terms
of R) the force against the blocks for the other two gates.
10. A 4-m-long quarter-circular gate of radius 3 m and of negligible weight is hinged about its
upper edge A, as shown in Fig. The gate controls the flow of water over the ledge at B,
where the gate is pressed by a spring. Determine the minimum spring force required to
keep the gate closed when the water level rises to A at the upper edge of the gate.
11. A tank of cross-sectional area A is filled with a liquid of specific weight as shown in Fig.
(a). Show that when a cylinder of specific weight and volume V is floated in the liquid
𝑉
(see Fig. b), the liquid level rises by an amount ∆ℎ = (𝛾1 ⁄𝛾2 ) .
𝐴
12. A 1-m-diameter cylindrical mass, M, is connected to a 2-m-wide rectangular gate as
shown in Fig. The gate is to open when the water level, h, drops below 2.5 m. Determine
the required value for M. Neglect friction at the gate hinge and the pulley.
13. The hull of a boat has a volume of 150 m3, and the total mass of the boat when empty is
8560 kg. Determine how much load this boat can carry without sinking
a. in a lake and
b. in seawater with a specific gravity of 1.03.
14. A cube of side 𝒂 floats with one of its axes vertical in a liquid of specific gravity 𝑺𝑳 . If the
specific gravity of the cube material is 𝑺𝑪 , find the values of 𝑺𝑳 ⁄𝑺𝑪 for the metacentric
height to be zero.
15. If a crown weighs 31.4 N in air and 28.9 N in water, determine whether the crown is
made of pure gold. The density of gold is 19300 kg/m3. Discuss how you can solve this
problem without weighing the crown in water but by using an ordinary bucket with no
calibration for volume. You may weigh anything in air.

3 fluids

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 fluids

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 fluids

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Institute of technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

You might also like