Chapter 8 Heredity

1. Which of the following statements best describes the role of sexual reproduction in
generating variations?
a) Sexual reproduction leads to minimal variations compared to asexual reproduction.
b) Sexual reproduction results in greater diversity due to the rules of inheritance.
c) Asexual reproduction produces more variations due to DNA copying inaccuracies.
d) Variations in sexual reproduction are solely determined by environmental factors.

2. What did Mendel observe about the traits of pea plants in the F1 generation?
a) They exhibited a mixture of both parental traits.
b) They showed only one of the parental traits.
c) They displayed completely new traits not present in the parents.
d) They were identical to the parental generation in all traits.

3. In Mendel's experiments, what was the result of self-pollination of F1 tall plants?

a) All progeny were tall. b) Some progeny were tall, while others were short.
c) All progeny were short. d) None of the progeny exhibited traits similar to the parents.

4. Which term best describes traits that are expressed even when only one copy is present in
an organism?
a) Recessive traits b) Dominant traits c) Inherited traits d) Environmental traits

5. What is the significance of Mendel's experiments with pea plants?

a) They demonstrated the role of environmental factors in inheritance.
b) They established the laws of inheritance and the concepts of dominant and recessive traits.
c) They proved that genetic material is not passed down from parents to offspring.
d) They showed that variations in traits are solely determined by chance.

6. In Mendel's experiments, the offspring of the first generation (F1) displayed only one of the
parental traits, indicating the dominance of certain .
a) alleles b) chromosomes c) genes d) mutations

7. In Mendel's experiments, if a tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt), what would
be thegenotype(s) of the F1 generation?
a) TT b) Tt c) tt d) Both a and b
8. Mendel's principles of inheritance laid the foundation for the science of .
a)Genetics b)Life c)Human d)Pea Plant

9. How do genes control characteristics or traits?

a) By directly producing proteins b)By regulating hormone production
c) By influencing cell division d) By modifying environmental factors

10. During sexual reproduction, what is the role of germ cells?

a) They produce hormones b) They generate genetic variation
c) They regulate cell growth d) They maintain genetic stability

11. In humans, sex determination is primarily influenced by:

a) Environmental factors b) Hormonal cues c) Genetic inheritance d) Dietary intake

12. How do germ cells differ from somatic cells?

a) Germ cells are diploid, while somatic cells are haploid.
b) Germ cells undergo meiosis, while somatic cells undergo mitosis.
c) Germ cells are found in plants, while somatic cells are found in animals.
d) Germ cells have a different set of chromosomes compared to somatic cells.

13. Which pair of chromosomes is responsible for determining sex in humans?

a) 21st pair b) 22nd pair c) X and Y chromosomes d) Autosomal chromosomes

14. How does a mutation in a gene affect protein production?

a) It increases the efficiency of protein synthesis b) It decreases the stability of mRNA
c) It alters the amino acid sequence of the protein d) It has no effect on protein function

15. How did Mendel's experiments demonstrate the concept of dominance and recessiveness?
a) By crossing pure breed tall plants with pure breed short plants
b) By crossing plants with yellow seeds with plants with green seeds
c) By crossing plants with smooth seeds with plants with wrinkled seeds
d) By crossing plants with purple flowers with plants with white flowers
16. What principle did Mendel's experiments illustrate regarding the inheritance of traits?
a) The principle of dominance b) The principle of segregation
c) The principle of independent assortment d) The principle of genetic drift

17. In the scenario where a man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O,
and their daughter has blood group O, what conclusion can be drawn about blood group
inheritance?
a) Blood group O is dominant over blood group A
b) Blood group A is dominant over blood group O
c) Blood group A and O are codominant
d) Blood group inheritance cannot be determined from this information

18. How is the sex of a child determined in human beings?

a) By the mother's genotype b) By the father's genotype
c) By the combination of sex chromosomes inherited from both parents
d) By environmental factors during gestation

19. What is the main difference between traits acquired during an individual's lifetime and
inherited traits?
a) Acquired traits are controlled by environmental factors, while inherited traits are
determined by genes.
b) Acquired traits are passed on to offspring, while inherited traits are not.
c) Inherited traits can be altered by environmental factors, while acquired traits cannot.
d) Acquired traits are more variable than inherited traits.

20. If a round, green seeded pea plant (RRyy) is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea
plant, (rrYY) the seeds produced in F1 generation are
a) round and yellow b) wrinkled and yellow c) round and green d) wrinkled and green

21. In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/ these
unpaired chromosome is/are
(i) large chromosome (ii) small chromosome (iii) Y-chromosome (iv) X-chromosome
a) (i) and (ii) b) (iii) only c) (iii) and (iv) d) (ii) and (iv)
22. Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes
(i) genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule
(ii) a gene does not code for proteins
(iii) in individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome
(iv) each chromosome has only one gene
a) (i) and (ii) b) (i) and (iii) c) (i) and (iv) d) (ii) and (iv)

23. The inheritance of colour trait in flower is as shown.

R and r denote two different genes for colour. Which law of Mendel can be explained using
the image?
a) Only Law of segregation
b) Only Law of independent assortment
c) Law of segregation and Law of dominance
d) Law of segregation and Law of independent assortment

24. Two individuals are as shown using geometric shapes. Their sex chromosomes are
respectively denoted by Xf, Xm, and Y. What are the possible combinations of sex
chromosomes for their male and female offspring respectively?

a)XfXm and XmXm b) XmY and XmXm c) XfY and XmY d) XmY and XmXf
25. The image shows the traits present across generations of a family. Based on the image,
what can be inferred about the eye colour trait?

a) Acquired trait because both male and females have it.

b) Acquired trait because it is expressed in all the generations.
c) Inherited trait because it is expressed in two different colours.
d) Inherited trait because it depends on the traits of preceding generation.

26. In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If a heterozygous yellow-seeded
plant is crossed with a green-seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and green-seeded plants
would you expect in the F1 generation?
a) 9:1 b) 3:1 c) 1:3 d) 1:1

27- 34. Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
27. Assertion: Mendel's principle of segregation states that during gamete formation, alleles
for a trait segregate randomly.
Reason: The segregation of alleles during gamete formation occurs independently of other
traits.

28. Assertion: The phenotype of an organism is solely determined by its genotype.

Reason: The genotype of an organism represents its genetic makeup, which directly
determines its observable traits.
29. Assertion: Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that traits are inherited
randomly and unpredictably.
Reason: Mendel's principles of inheritance established that traits are inherited according to
specific rules, with dominance and recessiveness playing a role.

30. Assertion: Punnett squares are used to predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of
offspring in genetic crosses.
Reason: Punnett squares involve the random assortment of alleles during gamete formation.

31. Assertion: In humans, sex is largely genetically determined by the inheritance of sex
chromosomes.
Reason: Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y
chromosome (XY).

32. Assertion: Germ cells undergo meiosis during sexual reproduction.

Reason: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by
half, leading to the formation of haploid gametes.

33. Assertion: Sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic diversity compared to asexual
reproduction.
Reason: Sexual reproduction involves the recombination of genetic material from two
parents, leading to offspring with unique combinations of traits.

34. Assertion: If blood group of both mother and father is O then the blood group of children
will also be O.
Reason: Blood group in humans is determined by many alleles of a gene viz. IA, IB, I0.

35. Assertion: A geneticist crossed two plants and got 50% tall and 50% dwarf progenies.
Reason: This cross follows Mendelian law as one of the parent plant might be heterozygous