SECTION I – OBJECTIVE

1. The speed of light in air or vacuum is

A. 3*108 m/s
B. 2.25*108 m/s
C. 332 m/s
D. 2.8*108 m/s
2. The ray of light moving from an optically rarer to denser medium
A. Bends away from the normal
B. Bends toward the normal
C. Remains undeviated
D. None of these
3. The angle between normal and refracted ray is called
A. Angle of deviation
B. Angle of incidence
C. Angle of refraction
D. None of these
4. The property of splitting of white light ray into its seven constituent
colours is known as:
A. Spectrum
B. Refractive index
C. Reflection
D. Dispersion
5. For a white light ray, the colour which disperses the least is
A. Violet
B. Red
C. Orange
D. None of these
6. Rainbows are formed due to
A. Reflection of light
B. Refraction of light
C. Dispersion of light
D. Rectilinear propagation of light
7. The seven colours obtained on a screen are called as
A. Dispersion
B. Spectrum
C. Scattering
D. Reflection
8. The angle between any two refracting surfaces of a prism is called the
angle of
A. Reflection
B. Prism
C. Refraction
D. None of these
9. Light is a form of
A. Energy
B. Power
C. Force
D. None of these
 10. Between water and glass……………. is the denser medium
A. Water
B. Glass
C. Both
D. None of these

SECTION II – SUBJECTIVE

1. Define refraction of light.

2. State the laws of refraction.
3. Find the refractive index of material, if angle of incidence of ray of light
is 45° and angle of refraction in the material is 30°.
4. Define refractive index.
5. State and explain Snell’s law
6. Find the velocity of light in glass and water, given that the refractive
index of glass is 1.5, and that of water is 1.33. Velocity of light in vacuum
is .

Objective Questions

Question 1

Write true or false for each statement:

(a) Water is optically denser than glass.

(b) A ray of light when passes from glass to air, bends towards the normal.

(c) The speed of light is more in glass than in water.

(d) The depth of a pond when seen from above appears to be less.

(e) Light travels at a lower speed in water than in air.

(f) Light travels in the same straight line path while passing through different media.

(g) The angle formed between the normal and the refracted ray is known as the angle of
incidence.

(h) At the point of incidence, a line drawn at right angles to the surface, separating the two
media, is called the normal.

(i) Image is formed by a mirror due to refraction of light.

(j) Rays of light incident parallel to the principal axis pass through the focus after reflection
from a concave mirror.

(k) A convex mirror is used as a shaving mirror.

(l) The focal length of a convex mirror is equal to its radius of curvature.
(m) A concave mirror converges the light rays, but a convex mirror diverges them.

(n) A virtual image formed by a spherical mirror is always erect and situated behind the
mirror.

Question 2

Fill in the blanks:

(a) Water is optically ............... than air.

(b) Air is optically ............... than glass.

(c) When a ray of light travels from water to air, it bends ............... the normal.

(d) When a ray of light travels from air to glass, it bends ............... the normal.

(e) When white light passes through a prism, it ............... .

(f) The splitting of white light into its constituent colours is called ............... .

(g) A ............... mirror is obtained on silvering the outer surface of a part of a hollow glass
sphere.

(h) Radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is ............... its focal length.

(i) The angle of incidence for a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a
spherical mirror is ............... .

(j) A ............... mirror always forms a virtual image.

(k) A concave mirror forms a virtual image for an object placed ............... .

Question 3

Match the following:

Column A Column B

(a) White light (i) convex mirror

(b) Refraction (ii) concave mirror

(c) Virtual images (iii) refraction

(d) Real images (iv) spectrum

(e) Prism (v) ray of light from glass to air

 Column A Column B

Question 4a

The speed of light in air or vacuum is:

1. 3 x 108 m s-1
2. 2.25 x 10 8 m s-1
3. 332 m s-1
4. 2.0 x 108 m s-1

Question 4b

A ray of light moving from an optically rarer to a denser medium:

1. bends away from the normal

2. bends towards the normal
3. remains undeviated
4. None of the above

Question 4c

The angle between the normal and refracted ray is called:

1. angle of deviation
2. angle of incidence
3. angle of refraction
4. angle of emergence

Question 4d

The property of splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours is known as:

1. rectilinear propagation
2. refraction
3. reflection
4. dispersion

Question 4e

The seven colours in the spectrum of sunlight in order are represented as:

1. VIBGYOR
2. VIGYBOR
 3. BIVGYOR
4. RYOBIVG

Question 4f

A ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a spherical mirror, after reflection:

1. passes through the focus

2. passes through the pole
3. becomes parallel to the principal axis
4. retraces its own path

Question 4g

If the radius of curvature of a concave mirror is 20 cm, its focal length is:

1. 10 cm
2. 20 cm
3. 40 cm
4. 80 cm

Question 4h

The image formed by a convex mirror is:

1. erect and diminished

2. erect and enlarged
3. inverted and diminished
4. inverted and enlarged

Question 4i

The image formed by a concave mirror is of the same size as the object, if the object is
placed:

1. at the focus
2. between the pole and the focus
3. between the focus and the centre of curvature
4. at the centre of curvature

Question 4j

A convex mirror is used:

1. as a shaving mirror
2. as a head mirror by a dentist
3. as a rear view mirror by a driver
 4. as a reflector in torch

Short/Long Answer Questions

Question 1

State the speed of light in:

(a) air

(b) water and

(c) glass.

Question 2

How does the speed of light determine the optical density of a medium?

Question 3

Which is optically denser: water or air? Give reason.

Question 4

Out of air and glass, which is optically rarer? Give reason.

Question 5

What do you understand by refraction of light?

Question 6

Describe an experiment to show that a light ray bends when it passes from one transparent
medium into another transparent medium.

Question 7

Draw a ray diagram to show that the depth of a vessel containing water when seen from
above appears to be less than its real depth.

Question 8

Define the following terms:

(a) Incident ray

(b) Refracted ray

(c) Angle of incidence

(d) Angle of refraction

Question 9

A ray of light falls normally on a glass slab. What is the angle of incidence?

Question 10

A ray of light travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium. How will it bend?

Question 11

A ray of light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium. How will it bend?

Question 12

The diagram given below in Fig. 5.38 shows a ray of light AO falling on a surface separating
two media. Draw the refracted ray in each, case.

(a)

(b)
(c)
Question 13

Draw a diagram showing the refraction of a light ray from water to glass. Label on it the
incident ray, the angle of incidence (i), and the angle of refraction (r).

Question 14

The diagram in the Fig. 5.39 shows a ray of light AO falling on a rectangular glass slab
PQRS. Complete the diagram till the ray of light emerges out of the slab. Label on the
diagram the incident ray, the refracted ray and the emergent ray.

Question 15(a)

Explain the following:

A coin placed at the bottom of a vessel appears to be raised when water is poured in the
vessel.

Question 15(b)

Explain the following:

A straight stick partly dipped in water obliquely, appears to be bent at the surface of water.

Question 15(c)

Explain the following:

The sun is seen before the sunrise and after the sunset.

Question 16

What is a mirage? Give a reason for its formation.

Question 17

What is a prism? Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of a light ray through a prism.

Question 18

What do you mean by the term dispersion?

Question 19

A ray of white light falls on a prism. Draw a ray diagram to show that the prism disperses the
white light.

Question 20

In figure, AO is the ray of white light falling on a prism PQR. Complete the diagram till the
light emerges out from the prism and falls on the screen.
Question 21

What do you understand by the term spectrum? Name the various colours present in the
spectrum of sunlight.

Question 22

You are given a disc divided into seven sectors with colours violet, indigo, blue, green,
yellow, orange and red in them. What would be its color when it is rotated rapidly?

Question 23

State the two laws of reflection of light.

Question 24

What is a spherical mirror?

Question 25

State the two kinds of spherical mirrors and distinguish them with the aid of proper diagrams.

Question 26

Explain the following terms:

(a) Pole

(b) Centre of curvature

(c) Radius of curvature

(d) Principal axis

Show them on separate diagrams for each of the concave and convex mirrors.

Question 27

What do you understand by the focus and focal length of a spherical mirror? Show them on
separate diagrams for each of a concave mirror and a convex mirror.

Question 28

Draw suitable diagrams to illustrate how a beam of light incident parallel to the principal axis
is reflected by:

(a) a concave mirror and

(b) a convex mirror.

Question 29

How is a spherical mirror used to converge a beam of light at a point? Name the type of
mirror used.

Question 30

How is a spherical mirror used to diverge a beam of light from a point? Name the type of
mirror used.

Question 31

State the direction of incident ray which after reflection from a spherical mirror gets reflected
along its own path. Give a reason.

Question 32

How is the focal length of a spherical mirror related to its radius of curvature?

Question 33

The diagrams (Fig. 5.41) given below show two parallel rays 1 and 2 incident on:

(a) a concave mirror,

(b) a convex mirror.

Draw the reflected rays and mark the focus by the symbol F.
Question 34

Complete the following diagrams in Fig. 5.42 by drawing the reflected rays for the incident
rays 1 and 2 if F is the focus and C is the centre of curvature.

Question 35

Which are the two convenient rays that are chosen to construct the image formed by a
spherical mirror for a given object? Explain with the help of suitable ray diagrams.

Question 36

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed beyond the centre
of curvature of a concave mirror. State the position, size and nature of the image.

Question 37

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed at the centre of
curvature of a concave mirror. State the position, size and nature of the image.

Question 38

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an object placed between the focus
and centre of curvature of a concave mirror. State the position, size and nature of the image.

Question 39

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an object placed between the pole and
focus of a concave mirror. State the position, size and nature of the image.
Question 40

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed on the principal
axis of a convex mirror. State the position, size and nature of the image. What happens to the
image as the object is moved away from the mirror?

Question 41

Draw separate diagrams for the formation of virtual image of an object by

(a) a concave mirror and

(b) a convex mirror.

State the difference of the two images.

Question 42

Name the mirror which always forms an erect and virtual image. What is the size of the
image as compared to that of the object?

Question 43

Name the mirror which forms an erect, virtual and enlarged image of an object. What is the
position of object relative to the mirror?

Question 44

What is a real image? Name the mirror which can be used to obtain the real image of an
object. What should be the position of the object relative to the mirror?

Question 45

How can a concave mirror be used to obtain a virtual image of an object? Draw a diagram to
illustrate your answer.

Question 46

State two uses of a concave mirror.

Question 47

State two uses of a convex mirror.

Question 48

A driver uses a convex mirror as a rear view mirror. Explain the reason with the help of a ray
diagram.
Question 49

State the kind of mirror used:

(a) by a dentist, and

(b) as a street light reflector.

Question 50

Name the kind of mirror used to obtain:

(a) a real and enlarged image,

(b) a virtual and enlarged image,

(c) a real and diminished image, and

(d) a virtual and diminished image.