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CheetSheetCIS22AFinal

This cheat sheet covers key concepts for the CIS22A Final, including arrays, loops, functions, searching, sorting, and file I/O. It provides examples of each concept, such as array initialization, loop structures, linear and binary search algorithms, and bubble and selection sort methods. Additionally, it includes a sample code demonstrating the use of arrays and file handling in C++.

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4 views4 pages

CheetSheetCIS22AFinal

This cheat sheet covers key concepts for the CIS22A Final, including arrays, loops, functions, searching, sorting, and file I/O. It provides examples of each concept, such as array initialization, loop structures, linear and binary search algorithms, and bubble and selection sort methods. Additionally, it includes a sample code demonstrating the use of arrays and file handling in C++.

Uploaded by

abdelkarim.contact1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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My cheat sheet for CIS22A Final

1. Arrays:

- Store multiple values in contiguous memory. Example: int arr[5];

- Access with 0-based indexing. Example: arr[0] = 10;

- Partially initialize arrays. Remaining elements default to 0. Example: int arr[5] = {1, 2};

- Compare arrays element-by-element using a loop.

2. Loops:

- while: Pre-test loop. Example: while (i < 5) { i++; }

- do-while: Post-test loop, executes at least once. Example: do { i++; } while (i < 5);

- for: Counter-controlled loop. Example: for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { ... }

- Nested loops process 2D data. Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { ... }

- Sentinel values terminate loops when input is unpredictable.

3. Functions:

- Modular programming breaks tasks into reusable functions.

- Passing arrays by reference modifies original data.

- Use `const` to prevent modifications. Example: void printArray(const int arr[], int size);

- Functions return values or booleans for decision-making. Example: bool isPositive(int n) { return n > 0; }

4. Searching:

- Linear Search: Iterates through all elements.

int linearSearch(int arr[], int size, int value) {

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { if (arr[i] == value) return i; }

return -1;

- Binary Search: Divide-and-conquer on sorted arrays.

int binarySearch(int arr[], int size, int value) {

int low = 0, high = size - 1;

while (low <= high) {


int mid = (low + high) / 2;

if (arr[mid] == value) return mid;

if (arr[mid] < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid - 1;

return -1;

5. Sorting:

- Bubble Sort: Repeatedly swaps adjacent elements.

void bubbleSort(int arr[], int size) {

for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; j++) {

if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) { std::swap(arr[j], arr[j + 1]); }

- Selection Sort: Locates and swaps the smallest elements.

void selectionSort(int arr[], int size) {

for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {

int minIdx = i;

for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {

if (arr[j] < arr[minIdx]) minIdx = j;

std::swap(arr[i], arr[minIdx]);

6. File I/O:

- Use fstream for input/output operations. Example:

std::ifstream inFile("data.txt");

std::ofstream outFile("output.txt");

std::string data;

while (inFile >> data) { outFile << data; }

- Handle errors with `fail()` and close files using `close()`.


7. Combining Arrays, Loops, and Sorting:

- Example: Searching in a sorted array.

void searchSortedArray() {

int arr[] = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5};

selectionSort(arr, 5);

int index = binarySearch(arr, 5, 4);

if (index != -1) { std::cout << "Found at: " << index; }

8. Some example code

- #include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

const int MAX_SIZE = 100; // Maximum size for arrays

int main() {

// Arrays to store data

string stringArray[MAX_SIZE];

int intArray[MAX_SIZE];

// Open the file

ifstream inputFile("data.txt");

if (!inputFile) {

cout << "Error: Could not open file." << endl;

return 1;

// Read data into arrays

int strIndex = 0, intIndex = 0;

string data;

while (inputFile >> data) {

if (isdigit(data[0])) { // If data starts with a digit, treat it as an integer


intArray[intIndex++] = stoi(data);

} else { // Otherwise, treat it as a string

stringArray[strIndex++] = data;

// Close the file

inputFile.close();

// Display string array

cout << "String Array:" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < strIndex; i++) {

cout << stringArray[i] << " ";

cout << endl;

// Display integer array

cout << "Integer Array:" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < intIndex; i++) {

cout << intArray[i] << " ";

cout << endl;

// Example usage: calculate the sum of integers

int sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < intIndex; i++) {

sum += intArray[i];

cout << "Sum of integers: " << sum << endl;

return 0;

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