These days, Online examination system is a web-based examination

system where examinations are given online. either through the

internet or intranet using computer system. The main goal of this
online examination system is to effectively evaluate the student
thoroughly through a totally automated system that not only reduce
the required time but also obtain fast and accurate results.
The online examination system is an electronic application. This
framework will help the college/institution to access the inquiry
have different alternatives with one right reply. These days Online
Examination System is considered a fast-developing examination
method because of its speed, accuracy and also because of
pandemic(covid19). Virtually all organizations today, are managing
their exams by online examination system, meanwhile it reduces
student's time in examinations. It is also needed less manpower to
handle the examination. Therefore, of this, the result is calculated in
less time. It also helps diminishing the need for paper. Online
examination project in PHP is very beneficial to learn it, according to
today’s requirement Online examination system is significantly
important to the educational institution to prepare the exams,
saving the time and effort that is required to check the exam papers
and to prepare the results reports. Online examination system helps
the educational institutions to monitor their students and keep eyes

on their progress. The best use of this system in Academic Institute

like school, college and training centers because it helps in
managing the exams and get the results in easy and an efficient
manner.

1
 Online examination will diminish the rushed occupation of
estimating the answers given by the applicants physically.
Being a coordinated online examination framework, it will
decrease paper work.
To permit workforce to make exams and answer key.
To permit programmed reviewing and manual evaluating
which can be recorded per test.
Responses by the candidates will be checked automatically.
It reduces time consumption.

Features
Admin Side-
Admin Can Create New Online Exam with Edit and Delete
Feature.

Admin Can Add Question in Exam which has been define at

the time of create exam.

Admin Can View All Exam Question with Edit and Delete
Operation.

Admin Can view all user data who has register for online
examination system.

Admin can view all user who has enrol for particular exam.

Admin can view individual user exam result on web page and in
PDF format.

Admin can view combine result of exam with user rank on web
2
 page and in PDF format.

User Side-

New User Registration for Online Examination with

Confirmation Email Feature.

User can Login into System using Email ID and Password

User can manage his or her profile details.

User can change his or her password.

User can view available examination list.

User can enrol into examination.

User can attend online examination at the define date and time.

User can view the history of exam which he or she had enrol.

User can view the exam result on Web page and in PDF format
also.

TOOLS / ENVIRONMENT USED

Those tools that we are concentrates to design the system are

3
Back-end design tool:

MySQL software of the database system will be used in

developing and managing the back end of the system for
permanent storage of records.

MySQL, the most popular open-Source SQL database management

system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle
Corporation.

MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from

a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of
information in a corporate network. To add, access, and process data
stored in a computer database, you need a database management
system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at
handling large amounts of data, database management systems play

a central role in computing, as standalone utilities, or as parts of

other applications.

MySQL databases are relational.

4
A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than
putting all the data in one big storeroom. The database structures are
organized into physical files optimized for speed. The logical model,
with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and columns,
offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules
governing the relationships between different data fields, such as
one-to-one, one-to-many, unique, required or optional,
and “pointers” between different tables.

The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”.

SQL is the most common standardized language used to access
databases. Depending on your programming environment, you might
enter SQL directly (for example, to generate reports), embed SQL
statements into code written in another language, or use a language-
specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

MySQL software is Open Source.

Open-Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify

the software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the
Internet and use it without paying anything. If you wish, you may
5
study the source code and change it to suit your needs. The MySQL
software uses the GPL to define what you may and may not do with
the software in different situations.

MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists

of a multithreaded SQL server that supports different back ends,
several different client programs and libraries, administrative tools,
and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).

The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and

easy to use.

MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases

much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in
highly demanding production environments for several years.
Although under constant development, MySQL Server today offers a
rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security
make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the
Internet.

o Front end design tool:

The user interface will be developed using php integrated

development environment. Is a server-side scripting

6
 language that designed for web development, as well as used
for general purpose language.

PHP is a server-side scripting language. that is used to develop Static

websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications. PHP stands for
Hypertext Pre-processor, that earlier stood for Personal Home Pages.
A script is a set of programming instructions that is interpreted at
runtime. A scripting language is a language that interprets scripts at
runtime. Scripts are usually embedded into other software
environments. The purpose of the scripts is usually to enhance the
performance or perform routine tasks for an application. Server-side
scripts are interpreted on the server while client-side scripts are
interpreted by the client application. Most web hosting servers
support PHP by default unlike other languages such as ASP that need
IIS. This makes PHP a cost-effective choice.

• PHP is regular updated to keep abreast with the latest

technology trends.
• Other benefit that you get with PHP is that it’s a server-side
scripting language; this means you only need to install it on

• The server and client computers requesting for resources from

the server do not need to have PHP installed; only a web browser

7
 would be enough.

Other tools used in the system includes

• Microsoft office 2007 for documenting.
Microsoft Office 2007 is a version of Microsoft office,
a family of office suites and productivity software for
Windows, developed and published by Microsoft.

• Notepad++ or Sublime text 3 or Vs code

Sublime Text has a powerful, Python API that allows
plugins to augment built-in functionality. Package
control can be installed via the command palette,
providing simple access to thousands of packages built
by the community.

• Adobe Photoshop: for editing image.

The best photo editing software for spectacular photos
and graphics.

o Methodology of the project:

In developing this system some methods will be applied in order to
accomplish in an effective manner.

8
 ➢ Data collection methodology
Data collection is one of the important tasks to analyze how the
activities can be done in the proposed system.

• Interview: we use this technique to get direct information to those

who run the traditional system, the principal of the school and
other related persons who have knowledge of alumni.

• Practical Observation: we observe physically the current existing

system done manually to collect additional information and
analysing their difficulties and we observe other social Medias like
face book.

ANALYSIS

Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

• DFD, Data flow diagrams are used to graphically represent the

flow of data in a business information system. DFD describes the

9
 processes that are involved in a system to transfer data from the
input to the file storage and reports generation.
• Data flow diagrams can be divided into logical and physical. The
logical data flow diagram describes flow of data through a system
to perform certain functionality of a business. The physical data
flow diagram describes the implementation of the logical data
flow.
• DFD graphically representing the functions, or processes, which
capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system
and its environment and between components of a system. The
visual representation makes it a good communication tool
between User and System designer. Structure of DFD allows
starting from a broad overview and expands it to a hierarchy of
detailed diagrams.

• In Software engineering DFD (data flow diagram) can be drawn to

represent the system of different levels of abstraction. Higher level
DFDs are partitioned into low levels-hacking more

• Information and functional elements. Levels in DFD are numbered

0, 1, 2 or beyond. Here, we will see mainly 3 levels in data flow

10
 diagram, which are: 0-level DFD, 1-level DFD, and 2-level DFD.

Levels in Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

• 0-level DFD:

It is also known as context diagram. It’s designed to be an

abstraction view, showing the system as a single process with
its relationship to external entities. It represents the entire
system as single bubble with input and output data indicated
by incoming/outgoing arrows.

RESULTS

ADMIN/TEA Online
examination STUDENT
CHER
system
11
 EXAMINATIO
N

• 1-level DFD:

In 1-level DFD, context diagram is decomposed into multiple

bubbles/processes. in this level we highlight the main
functions of the system and breakdown the high-level process
of 0-level DFD into sub processes.

12
• 2-level DFD:

2-level DFD goes one step deeper into parts of 1-level DFD. It
can be used to plan or record the specific/necessary detail
about the system’s functioning.

13
• ER Diagram

Entity relationship diagram displays the relationships of

entity set stored in a database. In other words, we can say
that ER diagrams help you to explain the logical structure
of databases. At first look, an ER diagram looks very
similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram includes
many specialized symbols, and its meanings make this
model unique.
• Components of the ER Diagram

This model is based on three basic concepts: Entities, Attributes,

Relationships

• ENTITY RELATIONAL (ER) MODEL

Is a high-level conceptual data model diagram. ER modeling

helps us to analyze data requirements systematically to produce a
well-designed database. The Entity-Relation model represents
real-world entities and the relationship between them. It is
considered a best practice to complete ER modeling before
implementing one’s database.

• It displays the relationships of entity set stored in a database.

In other words, we can say that ER diagrams help us to explain
the logical structure of databases. At first look, an ER diagram
looks very similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram
includes many specialized symbols, and its meanings make this
model unique. The purpose of ER Diagram is to represent the
entity framework infrastructure.

15
 passwor city

username Addres e-mail

Passwor
Admin
Name Login

Student

Manag
e

Exam

id Nam

has Subject
Answe

Generate has
s results Question

score

DESIGN

The purpose of designing is to show how the system is built and

to obtain clear and enough information needed to make the
actual implementation of the system. It is based on
understanding of the model the software built on. The objectives
of design are to model the system with high quality.

16
Implementing of high-quality system depend on the nature of
design created by the designer. If one want to changes to the
system after it has been put in to operation depends on the
quality of the system design. So if the system is design effectively,
it will be easy to make changes to it.

During system design, we focus on the processes, data structures,

and software and hardware components necessary to implement
it. The challenge of system design is that many conflicting criteria
and constraints need to be met when decomposing the system.

1.1. Class type architecture

The architecture which will be used for the proposed system is a
two-tier architecture where the first tier is the client or the user
side is a web browser containing user interfaces like data entry
interfaces; it is used to display information to the user. User

directly interacts with the system through the interfaces on this

layer. The second layer is the storage layer (server side) which is the
MySQL database that stores the data. This increase the
extensibility, maintainability and portability of the new system.
This class type architecture includes interface class, controller
class, business class, system class, and persistence class and

17
persistence store.

Interface classes: - These classes initiate access to the logic of our

system and this interface class is the UI classes that provide people
access to our system. An example of interface class is login
interface class.

Business classes: - These classes implement the concepts and

focusing on the data aspects of the business objects, plus behaviors
specific to individual objects of the system. Examples:-Record new
member, uploading file, delivering information and generate
discussion forum.

Controller classes: - These classes implement business logic that

involves collaborating with several domain classes or even other
process classes.
Examples of Controller classes are password, user name and
account type.

Persistence classes: - These classes can be used to the capability

of store, retrieve, and delete objects permanently without
revealing details of the underlying storage technology.
Example of this class is database class.

18
System classes: - These classes provide operating-system-
specific functionality for your applications, isolating your
software from the operating system (OS) by initiating OS-specific
features, increasing the portability of your application.
Persistence store: -These classes can be used to store data
permanently on the database that we can retrieve by other
classes.

All types of classes interact with system classes. This is because

new systems layer implements fundamental software features.

Architecture of the system

19
 Http/
www.wuaams.com

Connection browser
user
interact

Http protocol

Database server

TESTING

o UNIT TESTING

20
Unit testing is a level of software testing where individual units/
components of software are tested. The purpose is to validate
that each unit of the software performs as designed. A unit is the
smallest testable part of any software. It usually has one or a few
inputs and usually a single output. In procedural programming,
a unit may be an individual program, function, procedure, etc. in
object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a method,

which may belong to a base/ super class, abstract class or

derived/ child class. (Some treat a module of an application as a
unit. It is concerned with functional correctness of the
standalone modules. The main aim is to isolate each unit of the
system to identify, analyze and fix the defects. A unit test is a way
of testing a unit – the smallest piece of code that can be logically
isolated in a system. In most programming languages, that is a
function, a subroutine, a method or property. The isolated part
of the definition is important.

Unit Testing Techniques:

• Black Box Testing - Using which the user interface, input and
output are tested.

• White Box Testing - used to test each one of those functions

behaviors is tested.

21
 • Gray Box Testing - Used to execute tests, risks and assessment
methods.

• Integration Testing

Integration Testing is a level of software testing where individual

units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of
testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated
units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration
Testing. It is defined as a type of testing where software modules are
integrated logically and tested as a group. A typical software project
consists of multiple software modules, coded by different
programmers. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose defects
in the interaction between these software modules when they are
Integrated Integration Testing focuses on checking data
communication amongst these modules. Hence it is also termed as 'I &
T' (Integration and Testing), 'String Testing' and sometimes 'Thread
Testing'.

Approaches, Strategies, Methodologies of

Integration Testing
Software Engineering defines variety of strategies to execute
Integration testing, viz.

• Big Bang Approach

• Incremental Approach: which is further divided into the

22
 following
o Top-Down Approach
o Bottom-Up Approach
o Sandwich Approach - Combination of Top Down and
Bottom Up

System Testing

System Testing is a level of testing that validates the complete

and fully integrated software product. The purpose of a system test
is to evaluate the end-to-end system specifications. Usually, the
software is only one element of a larger computer-based system.
Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other
software/hardware systems. System Testing is actually a series of
different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full computer-
based system.
System Testing is carried out on the whole system in the context
of either system requirement specifications or functional
requirement specifications or in the context of both. System
testing tests the design and behavior of the system and also the
expectations of the customer. It is performed to test the system
beyond the bounds mentioned in the software requirements
specification (SRS).

23
In system testing, integration testing passed components are
taken as input. The goal of integration testing is to detect any
irregularity between the units that are integrated together.
System testing detects defects within both the integrated units
and the whole system. The result of system testing is the observed
behavior of a component or a system when it is tested. System
Testing is basically performed by a testing team that is
independent of the development team that helps to test the
quality of the system impartial. It has both functional and non-
functional testing. System Testing is a black-box testing. It is
performed after the integration testing and before the acceptance
testing.

Types of System Testing

• Performance Testing:
Performance Testing is a type of software testing that is
carried out to test the speed, scalability, stability and
reliability of the software product or application.

• Load Testing:
Load Testing is a type of software Testing which is carried out
to determine the behavior of a system or software product

24
 under extreme load.

• Stress Testing:
Stress Testing is a type of software testing performed to check
the robustness of the system under the varying loads.

• Scalability Testing:
Scalability Testing is a type of software testing which is
carried out to check the performance of a software application
or system in terms of its capability to scale up or scale down
the number of user request load.

System testing is important since:

a) In Software Development Life Cycle the System Testing is

perform as the first level of testing where the System is tested as a
whole.

b) System Testing enables you to test, validate and verify both the
Application Architecture and Business requirements.

25
In our project we are testing whether the student is authorized or
not. When student want to register themselves, it will check whether
the student id and name entered is the same as in the database. If
authorized student has login, they can register themselves. If not
authorized then, back to main page. We are also checking the admin
login whether it is authorized or not. Only authorized admin can
login. No one can register themselves as admin. Admin can change
username and password in admin page only. Member login is also
verified from the database values.

Input and Output

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Database

34
35
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE EXMINATION SYSTEM:

• Online Examination System is a computerized system which

gives instant results and also saves time.
• It fully automates the previous manual process of taking
written exams.
• It is implemented by web based online examination software or
through Intranet variance. It decreases the need of supervision
during the exam is being examine or taken using web based
Online Examination System gives a high level of clarity as
opposite of traditional method. Most of Online Examination
System gives the result and instantly.
• In high school, Online Examination System is able to reduce
the workload of teachers by using automated test paper exams
and marking schemes.
• Students can study independently for example at home or any

36
 place.
• The amount of time given at a particular question gives you the
ability of “Quick Learning Quick Thinking.”
• The data in Online Examination System is regenerated
repeatedly so that students have access to new data.
• In current scenario, because of COVID-19 we can use “online
examination system”.

DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE EXAMINATION

SYSTEM:

• The question and answers may be tricky and confusing as there

are multiple choices for answers.

• Lack of interaction between the teacher and student.

• Network problems may arise in Online Examination System,

test may be postponed or cancel.

• As India is not a fully developed country problem may arise in

rural areas where there is deficiency of computers or where
computers are not yet discovered.

• Hackers can easily manage to achieve confidential data

through fake online application or websites.

• While attempting online exams we can easily manage to open

another window on existing computer.

• Teaching techniques of an instructor or teacher may vary from

online exam questions.

37
FUTURE SCOPE OF ONLINE EXAMINATION
SYSTEM:

• Online Examination System is widely used as compared to

other exams. Online examination system can be used in
private institutes as well as educational institution.

• It is user friendly web base application it can be used

anywhere and anytime.

• The main purpose of the system is to efficiently evaluate the

candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that
not only saves a lot of time but also gives fast result and
saves paper.

• The faculty prepares the tests and question for each exam.

• The question are shuffled in a random order so that

possibility for getting questions in the same order for the
student how are beside, it is very less.

Feasibility Study

• Technical Feasibility
Building this system is technically feasible. The hardware and
software needed are all available, it not difficult to get them. Brief
I can say the necessary resources needed for the development and
maintenance of the system are available. I am going to use “PHP

38
and MySQL”.

• Operationally Feasibility
The project I am developing is operationally feasible as there is no
need for users to have good knowledge in computer before using
it. The user can learn and use the system with easiness; he just
needs to read the manual or tutorial from the developers.

• Economic Feasibility
Besides being technically feasible, developing this system is
economically feasible as well. The development of the system
does not require the developers to spend a lot of money. The tools
I will be using to develop the system are not expensive and the
software’s are open source. All I need is time. Even the
maintenance of the system will not be expensive. The system is
indeed economically feasible.

Security
Online examination system as an important part of the
assessment of student’s learning outcomes, which needs to be
confidential to the examinee and the related questions. The
related data and operation must ensure the safety of the whole
system. For system operators, admin need to assigns different
operating authority. Before operating, the system needs to
authenticate the user's access. Only an operator with
corresponding rights is allowed to related operations, otherwise,
his operations are refused. In addition, the system interfaces of
the user are not allowed to access or operate are hidden. In order
to ensure the data security of the system, it is necessary to
strengthen the security of database management system,
preventing illegal data destruction and loss of important data. In
database security, mandatory access control and custom access
39
control need to be implemented. The system assigns different
user roles for different database users, and grants the permissions
for user. In addition, the system needs to strengthen the
management of user access permissions. Only a specific
permission operator can do the corresponding operation. The
system needs to adopt two methods of access control and
network control, ensuring no unauthorized access to the whole
system and no illegal use to each function.

Limitation of project

• In case of any type of problem in student verification no

functionality is define in a system to correct it or
intercommunication among user are also not available.

• Online examination system is restricted to multiple choice

question which can be inefficient in assessing a student’s topic
Mastery. Exams in the form of debates, essays, case-based
questions and oral exams are difficult to conduct online.

• Online examination system does not support for adding

images with question so questions containing diagram can not
be saved in the system.

• It has no real existence in internet just tested on localhost.

• Skip of questions is not possible and the question is not

displayed randomly.

• There is no negative marking and there is no fixed time and

40
 date for online exam, It can lead to excessive cheating.

• Not suitable for collaborative evaluations or group project.

• There are subject like mathematics, economic, science, that are

difficult to attempt online as include formulae

Conclusion
Online Examination System is significantly superior among the
other exams. We have come to result that the problems can be
solved by introducing new security systems using biometrics, we
can identify the student’s true identity by analyzing digital
signature or by finger print mechanism and also by providing web
cameras in the examination hall. Although web cameras
Sometimes gets failed, if supposed a candidate is giving exam and
facing downwards in such case Iris recognition and face
recognition must be used. We conclude that no mechanism is
ideal. Each mechanism has some restriction on its own. Key
concepts are to develop paperless environment and to convert all
the documentation in digital form. With the completion of this
project, we conclude that it has achieved its purpose. The whole
project provides a base for students to take their exam using
software and allow teacher to add questions and answers into the
system. The system is developed using PHP and MySQL are saved
in the database. Online examination system for introduction to
management course is the best compared to paper-based exam.
The automated system helps students and lecturers to save time
and makes the process faster. It saves space since answers papers
will not be used. With a user-friendly system that has security,
integrity and the database is neither inconsistent nor redundant.

41
 Reference
 Software Testing Tutorial - Tutorials point
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
 https://www.w3schools.com/
 https://programmer2programmer.net
 https://projectworld.in
 https://1000projects.org
 https://www.academia.edu
 Search papers:
www.irjet.net
www.ijariie.com

42
THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
PROJECT REPORT

On

Online Examination System

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

IN PARTIAL FULLFILLENT
OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SESSION (2020-21)

By

Name: Himanshi Mourya Name: Megha Paliwal

Roll No: 18031019 Roll No: 18031024

Enrollment No: R190190270012 Enrollment No: R190190270017

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Zeeshan
Assistant Professor
BSSS, Bhopal

43
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ONLINE

EXAMINATION SYSTEM” Submitted to The Bhopal School of
Social Sciences, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of Bachelor in Computer Applications (BCA), is
an original work carried out by

Ms. Megha Paliwal, Enrollment No.: R190190270017, Roll No.:

18031024 and
Ms. Himanshi Mourya, Enrollment No.: R190190270012, Roll No.:
18031019

The matter embodied in this project is a genuine work done by the

students and has not been submitted whether to this University or
to any other University / Institute for the fulfillment of the
requirement of any course of study.

Signature of the Guide

Name: Mr. Zeeshan Ahmed Siddiqui

Designation: Assistant Professor

Address of the Guide: BSSS, Bhopal

44
 DECLARATION

We do hereby declare that the project work entitled “Online

Examination system” submitted by us for the partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of Bachelor in Computer Applications
(BCA), is an authentic work completed by us. The report being
submitted has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree
or diploma to any Institute or University.

Date:

Signature: Signature:

Name: Himanshi Mourya Name: Megha Paliwal

Roll No: 18031019 Roll No: 18031024

45
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We convey our sincere gratitude to for giving us the opportunity to

prepare our project work in online examination system. We express
our sincere thanks to all the Staff members of department of
computer.

We are thankful to Mr. Zeeshan Ahmed Siddiqui for his guidance

during our project work and sparing his valuable time for the same.

We express our sincere obligation and thanks to the Principal and all
Faculties of the Department of Computer Applications, The Bhopal
School of Social Sciences, for providing us with guidance, help,
motivation and valuable advice at every stage for completing the
project work successfully.

Signature: Signature:

Name: Himanshi Mourya Name: Megha Paliwal

Roll No: 18031019 Roll No: 18031024

46
 INDEX

S.NO. NAME PAGE NO. REMARK

1. Introduction & objectives 1

2. Features 2-3
3. Tools / Environment Used 4-9
4. Analysis 10-16

5. Design 17-20
6. Testing 21-25
7. Input and Output 27-33

8. Database 34-36
9. Advantages 37

10. Disadvantages 38
11. Future Scope 39

12. Feasibility study 40

13. Security 41

14. Limitation 42

15. Conclusion 43

16. References 44

47
48
These days, Online examination system is a web-based examination
system where examinations are given online. either through the
internet or intranet using computer system. The main goal of this
online examination system is to effectively evaluate the student
thoroughly through a totally automated system that not only reduce
the required time but also obtain fast and accurate results.
The online examination system is an electronic application. This
framework will help the college/institution to access the inquiry
have different alternatives with one right reply. These days Online
Examination System is considered a fast-developing examination
method because of its speed, accuracy and also because of
pandemic(covid19). Virtually all organizations today, are managing
their exams by online examination system, meanwhile it reduces
student's time in examinations. It is also needed less manpower to
handle the examination. Therefore, of this, the result is calculated in
less time. It also helps diminishing the need for paper. Online
examination project in PHP is very beneficial to learn it, according to
today’s requirement Online examination system is significantly
important to the educational institution to prepare the exams,
saving the time and effort that is required to check the exam papers
and to prepare the results reports. Online examination system helps
the educational institutions to monitor their students and keep eyes

on their progress. The best use of this system in Academic Institute

like school, college and training centers because it helps in
managing the exams and get the results in easy and an efficient
manner.

1
 Online examination will diminish the rushed occupation of
estimating the answers given by the applicants physically.
Being a coordinated online examination framework, it will
decrease paper work.
To permit workforce to make exams and answer key.
To permit programmed reviewing and manual evaluating
which can be recorded per test.
Responses by the candidates will be checked automatically.
It reduces time consumption.

Features
Admin Side-
Admin Can Create New Online Exam with Edit and Delete
Feature.

Admin Can Add Question in Exam which has been define at

the time of create exam.

Admin Can View All Exam Question with Edit and Delete
Operation.

Admin Can view all user data who has register for online
examination system.

Admin can view all user who has enrol for particular exam.

Admin can view individual user exam result on web page and in
PDF format.

Admin can view combine result of exam with user rank on web
2
 page and in PDF format.

User Side-

New User Registration for Online Examination with

Confirmation Email Feature.

User can Login into System using Email ID and Password

User can manage his or her profile details.

User can change his or her password.

User can view available examination list.

User can enrol into examination.

User can attend online examination at the define date and time.

User can view the history of exam which he or she had enrol.

User can view the exam result on Web page and in PDF format
also.

TOOLS / ENVIRONMENT USED

Those tools that we are concentrates to design the system are

3
Back-end design tool:

MySQL software of the database system will be used in

developing and managing the back end of the system for
permanent storage of records.

MySQL, the most popular open-Source SQL database management

system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle
Corporation.

MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from

a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of
information in a corporate network. To add, access, and process data
stored in a computer database, you need a database management
system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at
handling large amounts of data, database management systems play

a central role in computing, as standalone utilities, or as parts of

other applications.

MySQL databases are relational.

4
A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than
putting all the data in one big storeroom. The database structures are
organized into physical files optimized for speed. The logical model,
with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and columns,
offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules
governing the relationships between different data fields, such as
one-to-one, one-to-many, unique, required or optional,
and “pointers” between different tables.

The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”.

SQL is the most common standardized language used to access
databases. Depending on your programming environment, you might
enter SQL directly (for example, to generate reports), embed SQL
statements into code written in another language, or use a language-
specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

MySQL software is Open Source.

Open-Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify

the software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the
Internet and use it without paying anything. If you wish, you may
5
study the source code and change it to suit your needs. The MySQL
software uses the GPL to define what you may and may not do with
the software in different situations.

MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists

of a multithreaded SQL server that supports different back ends,
several different client programs and libraries, administrative tools,
and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).

The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and

easy to use.

MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases

much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in
highly demanding production environments for several years.
Although under constant development, MySQL Server today offers a
rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security
make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the
Internet.

o Front end design tool:

The user interface will be developed using php integrated

development environment. Is a server-side scripting

6
 language that designed for web development, as well as used
for general purpose language.

PHP is a server-side scripting language. that is used to develop Static

websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications. PHP stands for
Hypertext Pre-processor, that earlier stood for Personal Home Pages.
A script is a set of programming instructions that is interpreted at
runtime. A scripting language is a language that interprets scripts at
runtime. Scripts are usually embedded into other software
environments. The purpose of the scripts is usually to enhance the
performance or perform routine tasks for an application. Server-side
scripts are interpreted on the server while client-side scripts are
interpreted by the client application. Most web hosting servers
support PHP by default unlike other languages such as ASP that need
IIS. This makes PHP a cost-effective choice.

• PHP is regular updated to keep abreast with the latest

technology trends.
• Other benefit that you get with PHP is that it’s a server-side
scripting language; this means you only need to install it on

• The server and client computers requesting for resources from

the server do not need to have PHP installed; only a web browser

7
 would be enough.

Other tools used in the system includes

• Microsoft office 2007 for documenting.
Microsoft Office 2007 is a version of Microsoft office,
a family of office suites and productivity software for
Windows, developed and published by Microsoft.

• Notepad++ or Sublime text 3 or Vs code

Sublime Text has a powerful, Python API that allows
plugins to augment built-in functionality. Package
control can be installed via the command palette,
providing simple access to thousands of packages built
by the community.

• Adobe Photoshop: for editing image.

The best photo editing software for spectacular photos
and graphics.

o Methodology of the project:

In developing this system some methods will be applied in order to
accomplish in an effective manner.

8
 ➢ Data collection methodology
Data collection is one of the important tasks to analyze how the
activities can be done in the proposed system.

• Interview: we use this technique to get direct information to those

who run the traditional system, the principal of the school and
other related persons who have knowledge of alumni.

• Practical Observation: we observe physically the current existing

system done manually to collect additional information and
analysing their difficulties and we observe other social Medias like
face book.

ANALYSIS

Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

• DFD, Data flow diagrams are used to graphically represent the

flow of data in a business information system. DFD describes the

9
 processes that are involved in a system to transfer data from the
input to the file storage and reports generation.
• Data flow diagrams can be divided into logical and physical. The
logical data flow diagram describes flow of data through a system
to perform certain functionality of a business. The physical data
flow diagram describes the implementation of the logical data
flow.
• DFD graphically representing the functions, or processes, which
capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system
and its environment and between components of a system. The
visual representation makes it a good communication tool
between User and System designer. Structure of DFD allows
starting from a broad overview and expands it to a hierarchy of
detailed diagrams.

• In Software engineering DFD (data flow diagram) can be drawn to

represent the system of different levels of abstraction. Higher level
DFDs are partitioned into low levels-hacking more

• Information and functional elements. Levels in DFD are numbered

0, 1, 2 or beyond. Here, we will see mainly 3 levels in data flow

10
 diagram, which are: 0-level DFD, 1-level DFD, and 2-level DFD.

Levels in Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

• 0-level DFD:

It is also known as context diagram. It’s designed to be an

abstraction view, showing the system as a single process with
its relationship to external entities. It represents the entire
system as single bubble with input and output data indicated
by incoming/outgoing arrows.

RESULTS

ADMIN/TEA Online
examination STUDENT
CHER
system
11
 EXAMINATIO
N

• 1-level DFD:

In 1-level DFD, context diagram is decomposed into multiple

bubbles/processes. in this level we highlight the main
functions of the system and breakdown the high-level process
of 0-level DFD into sub processes.

12
• 2-level DFD:

2-level DFD goes one step deeper into parts of 1-level DFD. It
can be used to plan or record the specific/necessary detail
about the system’s functioning.

13
• ER Diagram

Entity relationship diagram displays the relationships of

entity set stored in a database. In other words, we can say
that ER diagrams help you to explain the logical structure
of databases. At first look, an ER diagram looks very
similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram includes
many specialized symbols, and its meanings make this
model unique.
• Components of the ER Diagram

This model is based on three basic concepts: Entities, Attributes,

Relationships

• ENTITY RELATIONAL (ER) MODEL

Is a high-level conceptual data model diagram. ER modeling

helps us to analyze data requirements systematically to produce a
well-designed database. The Entity-Relation model represents
real-world entities and the relationship between them. It is
considered a best practice to complete ER modeling before
implementing one’s database.

• It displays the relationships of entity set stored in a database.

In other words, we can say that ER diagrams help us to explain
the logical structure of databases. At first look, an ER diagram
looks very similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram
includes many specialized symbols, and its meanings make this
model unique. The purpose of ER Diagram is to represent the
entity framework infrastructure.

15
 passwor city

username Addres e-mail

Passwor
Admin
Name Login

Student

Manag
e

Exam

id Nam

has Subject
Answe

Generate has
s results Question

score

DESIGN

The purpose of designing is to show how the system is built and

to obtain clear and enough information needed to make the
actual implementation of the system. It is based on
understanding of the model the software built on. The objectives
of design are to model the system with high quality.

16
Implementing of high-quality system depend on the nature of
design created by the designer. If one want to changes to the
system after it has been put in to operation depends on the
quality of the system design. So if the system is design effectively,
it will be easy to make changes to it.

During system design, we focus on the processes, data structures,

and software and hardware components necessary to implement
it. The challenge of system design is that many conflicting criteria
and constraints need to be met when decomposing the system.

1.2. Class type architecture

The architecture which will be used for the proposed system is a
two-tier architecture where the first tier is the client or the user
side is a web browser containing user interfaces like data entry
interfaces; it is used to display information to the user. User

directly interacts with the system through the interfaces on this

layer. The second layer is the storage layer (server side) which is the
MySQL database that stores the data. This increase the
extensibility, maintainability and portability of the new system.
This class type architecture includes interface class, controller
class, business class, system class, and persistence class and

17
persistence store.

Interface classes: - These classes initiate access to the logic of our

system and this interface class is the UI classes that provide people
access to our system. An example of interface class is login
interface class.

Business classes: - These classes implement the concepts and

focusing on the data aspects of the business objects, plus behaviors
specific to individual objects of the system. Examples:-Record new
member, uploading file, delivering information and generate
discussion forum.

Controller classes: - These classes implement business logic that

involves collaborating with several domain classes or even other
process classes.
Examples of Controller classes are password, user name and
account type.

Persistence classes: - These classes can be used to the capability

of store, retrieve, and delete objects permanently without
revealing details of the underlying storage technology.
Example of this class is database class.

18
System classes: - These classes provide operating-system-
specific functionality for your applications, isolating your
software from the operating system (OS) by initiating OS-specific
features, increasing the portability of your application.
Persistence store: -These classes can be used to store data
permanently on the database that we can retrieve by other
classes.

All types of classes interact with system classes. This is because

new systems layer implements fundamental software features.

Architecture of the system

19
 Http/
www.wuaams.com

Connection browser
user
interact

Http protocol

Database server

TESTING

o UNIT TESTING

20
Unit testing is a level of software testing where individual units/
components of software are tested. The purpose is to validate
that each unit of the software performs as designed. A unit is the
smallest testable part of any software. It usually has one or a few
inputs and usually a single output. In procedural programming,
a unit may be an individual program, function, procedure, etc. in
object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a method,

which may belong to a base/ super class, abstract class or

derived/ child class. (Some treat a module of an application as a
unit. It is concerned with functional correctness of the
standalone modules. The main aim is to isolate each unit of the
system to identify, analyze and fix the defects. A unit test is a way
of testing a unit – the smallest piece of code that can be logically
isolated in a system. In most programming languages, that is a
function, a subroutine, a method or property. The isolated part
of the definition is important.

Unit Testing Techniques:

• Black Box Testing - Using which the user interface, input and
output are tested.

• White Box Testing - used to test each one of those functions

behaviors is tested.

21
 • Gray Box Testing - Used to execute tests, risks and assessment
methods.

• Integration Testing

Integration Testing is a level of software testing where individual

units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of
testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated
units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration
Testing. It is defined as a type of testing where software modules are
integrated logically and tested as a group. A typical software project
consists of multiple software modules, coded by different
programmers. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose defects
in the interaction between these software modules when they are
Integrated Integration Testing focuses on checking data
communication amongst these modules. Hence it is also termed as 'I &
T' (Integration and Testing), 'String Testing' and sometimes 'Thread
Testing'.

Approaches, Strategies, Methodologies of

Integration Testing
Software Engineering defines variety of strategies to execute
Integration testing, viz.

• Big Bang Approach

• Incremental Approach: which is further divided into the

22
 following
o Top-Down Approach
o Bottom-Up Approach
o Sandwich Approach - Combination of Top Down and
Bottom Up

System Testing

System Testing is a level of testing that validates the complete

and fully integrated software product. The purpose of a system test
is to evaluate the end-to-end system specifications. Usually, the
software is only one element of a larger computer-based system.
Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other
software/hardware systems. System Testing is actually a series of
different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full computer-
based system.
System Testing is carried out on the whole system in the context
of either system requirement specifications or functional
requirement specifications or in the context of both. System
testing tests the design and behavior of the system and also the
expectations of the customer. It is performed to test the system
beyond the bounds mentioned in the software requirements
specification (SRS).

23
In system testing, integration testing passed components are
taken as input. The goal of integration testing is to detect any
irregularity between the units that are integrated together.
System testing detects defects within both the integrated units
and the whole system. The result of system testing is the observed
behavior of a component or a system when it is tested. System
Testing is basically performed by a testing team that is
independent of the development team that helps to test the
quality of the system impartial. It has both functional and non-
functional testing. System Testing is a black-box testing. It is
performed after the integration testing and before the acceptance
testing.

Types of System Testing

• Performance Testing:
Performance Testing is a type of software testing that is
carried out to test the speed, scalability, stability and
reliability of the software product or application.

• Load Testing:
Load Testing is a type of software Testing which is carried out
to determine the behavior of a system or software product

24
 under extreme load.

• Stress Testing:
Stress Testing is a type of software testing performed to check
the robustness of the system under the varying loads.

• Scalability Testing:
Scalability Testing is a type of software testing which is
carried out to check the performance of a software application
or system in terms of its capability to scale up or scale down
the number of user request load.

System testing is important since:

a) In Software Development Life Cycle the System Testing is

perform as the first level of testing where the System is tested as a
whole.

b) System Testing enables you to test, validate and verify both the
Application Architecture and Business requirements.

25
In our project we are testing whether the student is authorized or
not. When student want to register themselves, it will check whether
the student id and name entered is the same as in the database. If
authorized student has login, they can register themselves. If not
authorized then, back to main page. We are also checking the admin
login whether it is authorized or not. Only authorized admin can
login. No one can register themselves as admin. Admin can change
username and password in admin page only. Member login is also
verified from the database values.

Input and Output

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Database

34
35
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE EXMINATION SYSTEM:

• Online Examination System is a computerized system which

gives instant results and also saves time.
• It fully automates the previous manual process of taking
written exams.
• It is implemented by web based online examination software or
through Intranet variance. It decreases the need of supervision
during the exam is being examine or taken using web based
Online Examination System gives a high level of clarity as
opposite of traditional method. Most of Online Examination
System gives the result and instantly.
• In high school, Online Examination System is able to reduce
the workload of teachers by using automated test paper exams
and marking schemes.
• Students can study independently for example at home or any

36
 place.
• The amount of time given at a particular question gives you the
ability of “Quick Learning Quick Thinking.”
• The data in Online Examination System is regenerated
repeatedly so that students have access to new data.
• In current scenario, because of COVID-19 we can use “online
examination system”.

DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE EXAMINATION

SYSTEM:

• The question and answers may be tricky and confusing as there

are multiple choices for answers.

• Lack of interaction between the teacher and student.

• Network problems may arise in Online Examination System,

test may be postponed or cancel.

• As India is not a fully developed country problem may arise in

rural areas where there is deficiency of computers or where
computers are not yet discovered.

• Hackers can easily manage to achieve confidential data

through fake online application or websites.

• While attempting online exams we can easily manage to open

another window on existing computer.

• Teaching techniques of an instructor or teacher may vary from

online exam questions.

37
FUTURE SCOPE OF ONLINE EXAMINATION
SYSTEM:

• Online Examination System is widely used as compared to

other exams. Online examination system can be used in
private institutes as well as educational institution.

• It is user friendly web base application it can be used

anywhere and anytime.

• The main purpose of the system is to efficiently evaluate the

candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that
not only saves a lot of time but also gives fast result and
saves paper.

• The faculty prepares the tests and question for each exam.

• The question are shuffled in a random order so that

possibility for getting questions in the same order for the
student how are beside, it is very less.

Feasibility Study

• Technical Feasibility
Building this system is technically feasible. The hardware and
software needed are all available, it not difficult to get them. Brief
I can say the necessary resources needed for the development and
maintenance of the system are available. I am going to use “PHP

38
and MySQL”.

• Operationally Feasibility
The project I am developing is operationally feasible as there is no
need for users to have good knowledge in computer before using
it. The user can learn and use the system with easiness; he just
needs to read the manual or tutorial from the developers.

• Economic Feasibility
Besides being technically feasible, developing this system is
economically feasible as well. The development of the system
does not require the developers to spend a lot of money. The tools
I will be using to develop the system are not expensive and the
software’s are open source. All I need is time. Even the
maintenance of the system will not be expensive. The system is
indeed economically feasible.

Security
Online examination system as an important part of the
assessment of student’s learning outcomes, which needs to be
confidential to the examinee and the related questions. The
related data and operation must ensure the safety of the whole
system. For system operators, admin need to assigns different
operating authority. Before operating, the system needs to
authenticate the user's access. Only an operator with
corresponding rights is allowed to related operations, otherwise,
his operations are refused. In addition, the system interfaces of
the user are not allowed to access or operate are hidden. In order
to ensure the data security of the system, it is necessary to
strengthen the security of database management system,
preventing illegal data destruction and loss of important data. In
database security, mandatory access control and custom access
39
control need to be implemented. The system assigns different
user roles for different database users, and grants the permissions
for user. In addition, the system needs to strengthen the
management of user access permissions. Only a specific
permission operator can do the corresponding operation. The
system needs to adopt two methods of access control and
network control, ensuring no unauthorized access to the whole
system and no illegal use to each function.

Limitation of project

• In case of any type of problem in student verification no

functionality is define in a system to correct it or
intercommunication among user are also not available.

• Online examination system is restricted to multiple choice

question which can be inefficient in assessing a student’s topic
Mastery. Exams in the form of debates, essays, case-based
questions and oral exams are difficult to conduct online.

• Online examination system does not support for adding

images with question so questions containing diagram can not
be saved in the system.

• It has no real existence in internet just tested on localhost.

• Skip of questions is not possible and the question is not

displayed randomly.

• There is no negative marking and there is no fixed time and

40
 date for online exam, It can lead to excessive cheating.

• Not suitable for collaborative evaluations or group project.

• There are subject like mathematics, economic, science, that are

difficult to attempt online as include formulae

Conclusion
Online Examination System is significantly superior among the
other exams. We have come to result that the problems can be
solved by introducing new security systems using biometrics, we
can identify the student’s true identity by analyzing digital
signature or by finger print mechanism and also by providing web
cameras in the examination hall. Although web cameras
Sometimes gets failed, if supposed a candidate is giving exam and
facing downwards in such case Iris recognition and face
recognition must be used. We conclude that no mechanism is
ideal. Each mechanism has some restriction on its own. Key
concepts are to develop paperless environment and to convert all
the documentation in digital form. With the completion of this
project, we conclude that it has achieved its purpose. The whole
project provides a base for students to take their exam using
software and allow teacher to add questions and answers into the
system. The system is developed using PHP and MySQL are saved
in the database. Online examination system for introduction to
management course is the best compared to paper-based exam.
The automated system helps students and lecturers to save time
and makes the process faster. It saves space since answers papers
will not be used. With a user-friendly system that has security,
integrity and the database is neither inconsistent nor redundant.

41
 Reference
 Software Testing Tutorial - Tutorials point
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
 https://www.w3schools.com/
 https://programmer2programmer.net
 https://projectworld.in
 https://1000projects.org
 https://www.academia.edu
 Search papers:
www.irjet.net
www.ijariie.com

42
 THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL
SCIENCES

ROLL NO. = 18031021

CLASS = BCA 3rd YEAR
SUBJECT = PHP PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by: Jyoti pal Submitted to: Zeeshan sir
Title of the proposed project
(online flight booking services )
5 .Introduction to the proposed title -
First of all i would like to let you all know that There is a very
important reason behind choosing this topic.
As we all know, that we are living in the Internet’s generations &
everything has became very easy now, The use of internet and
online websites is increasing day by day , Specially in the field of
online booking services . There are so many benefits/advantages
that internet & technology gives us, such as:
Connectivity , communication, and sharing .we can do anything
with just one click by just sitting at our homes .
The airline reservation system is a web-based booking solution that
helps in consolidating data from all airlines through the use of global
distribution systems. The system provides inventory and rates in real time
to customers as well as travel agents.
So, now lets move on to the introduction part :
Basically, it is going to be an online flight booking system. At its most
basic, an online booking system is software which allows a potential
customer to book and pay for an activity or service directly through the
website.
A. Online booking is a convenient way of booking the travel over
the internet. Customers can Book a flight and pay online for their travel.
And also they can Request for a particular seat, special meal or service
according to their comfort .

6. Objectives of our proposed project title - As we all know an online

flight booking services websites are becoming increasingly popular in.
The online travel portal integrates with GDS/CRS (Global Distribution
System) and Non GDS suppliers like direct integration with Airline
companies and other travel service suppliers. The Travel Portal
provides online booking facilities to customers or end users visiting their
website.
In our website, we will regularly add new information to improve
interaction with existing and potential customers or viewers.
• To improve efficiency and effectiveness towards the online services .
• To improve user accessibility & time flexibility
• To save the time & money of our customers.
• To engage our costumers in the online booking services & facilities.
We are going to provide an online booking facility to be used by the
client of the company as a method of delivering services to the airlines
company’s clients . we will also try to provide a secured online booking
facility to be used by the airline authorized employee to manage the
reservation and ticketing system that will be able to give the best service
regarding to : Accurancy , usability, speed and user friendly by
implementing the newest techniques and technology in the website.

7. Tools / environment used

• Atom. Atom is relatively a new kid on the block of code editors. ...
• Sublime Text. The Sublime is among the most popular text code
editors out there. ...
• Notepad++ Notepad++ is a powerful open source text editor, which only
works on Windows. ...
 • Visual Code Studio.
• Ftp ( file transfer protocol )

Software requirements:

• Operating System: Windows 7 or 10.

• Web Technologies: Html, JavaScript, CSS, PHP, MYSQL
• Web Server: Tomcat 7.0, web browser ( internet explorers )
• Database: Oracle 10g Express Edition
• Software ’s: JDK 7
• XAMPP
• BOOTSTAP

Hardware requirements:

• Hardware: Pentium based systems with a minimum of P4

• RAM: 1 GB (minimum)
• Display device
• Standard keyboard
• Modem/ LAN card for internet connection
• Mouse or pointing device

8.ANALYSIS Document : (Data flow diagram, ER diagram, )As per the

software requirements.

0 level DFD
For registration

Select / choose the flights as per your comfort

Home

See
Flights
Find flights

Available flights
Partner airlines
Abou
 For login Not Authenticate

User request Access

Authenticate
Database
Password is

for checking the booked flights

User request
Database

Username
1. LEVEL DFD Checkout Login
(change & update catalogue)

Catalogue
Admin/staf
User name

Home

Confirmation Fill the details

In the form
User View edit

Edit /update the new information

Edit flights,
airlines Agent
Administrator
,airport and

1. level DFD
 Sign up

Send / receive data

Admin Home page ADD/DELET

Enter E
username Login
& password
ADD/DELET
Booked E
Admin/staff
Select/choose the data
Airport/airlin ADD/DELET
E
Manage ADD/DELET
E

ER DIAGRAM
Username
User id Password

Locatio
User
From -----
- To--

Submit

See
See customer
booked Reques Reques
Details
Flights

Admin/staf
f

From--
 Location
name
To---

9 .DESIGN Document User id Password

Structure of the project
• Before login
• Home
• login
• Register
• Forgot password
• Flight lists
• Administrator login
• About us
• Contact us

• After Administrator login * After staff Login

*Home *Home
*Add/remove Flights *Booked Flights
*Add Airports *Edit Airports/Airlines
*Add Airlines
*Manage users
*Site Setting

• See reserved customers

• Total booked flights
• See passenger details
• Remove users
• logout

• After user login ( Welcome to online Flight booking service)

*fill the details and find the flights
*Available Flights lists
*Partner airlines
*About
.Checkout
.Logout
 11.TESTING :-

Our testing process will involve these step by step processes, It includes:
#Test strategy
#test plan
#test design
#test execution
#test closure

The following testing methodologies are to be used in chronological

order:
1 functionality testing for: cookie testing, validation html, CSS, GUI testing
2 usability testing for : validation, content, easy to use, look and feel.
3 interface testing for: web server, application server & database server
interface
4 capability testing for : operating system, mobile browsing, printing option
5 performance testing for : mainly consists of web load testing
6 Acceptance testing for: beta testing

Our testing process will be done with the help of these following key
points
Basic functionality testing :-we will Begin by making sure that every button
on every screen works. We will also need to ensure that we can enter simple
text into each field without crashing the software. We don't have to try out all
the different combinations of clicks and characters, or edge conditions.
Code review :- Another pair of our eyes looking at the source code can
uncover a lot of problems .If our coding methodology requires peer review. We
will perform this step before our hand the code over for testing
Static coding analysis :- There are tools that can perform analysis on
source code or byte code without executing it .These static code analysis
tools can look for many weaknesses in the source code and Security
vulnerabilities.
Unit testing :- Basically developers will write unit tests to make sure that
the unit (be it a method, class, or component) is working as expected and test
across a range of valid and invalid inputs

12. INPUT AND OUTPUT SCREENS

HOME PAGE :
PARTNER AIRLINES :

About us :
ADMIN AND STAFF LOGIN :

Welcome back admin :

See booked flights :

Edit , add or delete new or exist flights

Fill Data Form to qdd New flights

Airport (edit or delete)

Airlines (edit or delete )

Manage users :
Site setting :

For customers or visitors : [ see available flight list ]

Search and Book flight as per your comfort :

Fill the details to book the flight

Conform your reservation

14 . Future scope & further enhancement :-

Those days are gone , when one used to call multiple travel agents to
know about the holiday packages and plan a tour
With the advent of worlds wide web, air ticketing industry has
seen much developed in recent times. Also , online airline flight booking
plays a major role in travel and tourism .there has been a significant
good future scope of air reservation business .
• Air ticketing is very dynamic & booming work sphere with great
future scope on global level. This is one of the largest and most
profitable industries in the world and contribute substantially to the
foreign exchange earned .
• A report published by travel and tourism council could add another
RS 8,50,000 CR to GDP .it can provide and create millions of new
job for unemployed people .
So , Definitely , having no doubts , to say that online services has made
everybody’s life easier now, so that everyone can easily work from
home . and it has so much scope in future
THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF
SOCIAL SCIENCES

PROJECT REPORT
ON
<LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM>
By:
Muniba Zarrin
RollNo:18031025
Enrollment No:R190190270054

Under the guidance of:

Mr.Zeeshan Ahmed Siddiqui Sir

ACKNOWLEDGEM
ENT
I convey my sincere gratitude to MR.Zeeshan Sir for
Giving me the opportunity to prepare my project work
in PHP.

I express my sincere obligation and thanks to the

principal and all the faculties of the Department of
Computer Applications,THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF
SOCIAL SCIENCES,for providing me with the
guidance,help,motivation and valuable advice at every
stage for completing the project work successfully.

Name:Muniba Zarrin
Roll No:18031025

DECLARATION
I do hereby that the project work entitled “Library
Management System” submitted by me for the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor
in Computer Applications(BCA),is an authentic work
completed by me. The report being submitted has not
been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or
diploma to any institute or university.
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Library
Management System” submitted to the Bhopal School
Of Social Sciences, in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor in
computer applications (BCA),is an original work
carried out by Ms.Muniba Zarrin.
Enrollment No.:R190190270054
Roll No.:18031025
The matter embodied in this project is a genuine work
done by the student and has not been submitted whether
to this University or to any other University/Institute for
the fulfilment of the requirement of any course of study.

LIBRARAY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM Project by:-Muniba Zarrin
Nowadays the library has become an indispensible part
of daily life.But the library storage and the business
volume are huge,the traditional accounts management is
merely not feasible.Library management system comes
into being and becomes and important part of
information construction gradually.The implementation
of electronic book management can help human
resource officials free themselves from the heavy
deskword to complete some more important work.
The history of the library management system could
date back to the late 1960s.At that time,computer
technology had entered the practical stage.Meanwhile
in most large scale libraraies,it’s very time-consuming
and easy to make mistakes to find books or statistical
information manually.
The revolutionary change in the library management
system occurred in the late 1990s.With the information
explosion and the era of knowledge-driven
economy,individuals,units and social had a higher
demand on library management system.In the
meantime,due to pullulation of database
technology,customer or server technology,specially
internet or intranet technology,the third generation of
books borrowing management system had become
inevitable.

Objectives
1. The objectives and scope of library management
system is to record the details various activities of user.
2. It will simplifies the task and reduce the paper work.
3. During implementation every user will be given
appropriate training to suit their specific needs.
4. Specific support will also be provided at key points
within the academic calender.
5. Training will be provided on a timely basis,and you
will be trained as the new is library management system
rolled out to your areaof responsibility.
6. This system for the college has been designed to
remove all the deficiency from which the present
system is suffering and to ensure.
Benefits
1. Simple and easy to use:-The Library Management
System is simple,user-friendly and can be easily
integrated with your existing system.
2. Increased library engagement:-Avoid frustration and
tediousness by providing students with anytime acess
to library resources.
3. Efficient cloud data management:-Automate,simplify
and deploy library database seamlessly to make it easy.
4. Highly secure,scalable and reliable:-College libraries
benefit from scalable infrastructure,role based secure
access,high performance and reliable to ensure seamless
access to library database.
5. Mobile access:-The library management system
provides mobile access to search the library
catalog,schedules,books and resources from
anywhere,at any given time via smartphones and
tablets.
6. Dynamic reports:-Maximize the performance of
libraries with dynamic reports,charts and graphs to
review and track the progress for better decision-
making.
7. Error-free:-The automated library software is user
friendly,powerful and developed for easy entry of
data,makes library operations free from errors.
8. Innovation:-Students can search,write articles,upload
photos and videos,manage email,send
messages,chat,social media,etc.
9. Fully customizable:-The library automation system is
fully customizable and adaptable to the needs of
educational institutions to provide fast,reliable data.
10. Cost-effective:-Embracing sophisticated
technologies is cost-effective and a viable choice for
education.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:
Library Management System is a computerized system
which helps
user(librarian) to manage the library daily activity in
electronic format. It reduces
the risk of paper work such as file lost, file damaged
and time consuming.
It can help user to manage the transaction or record
more effectively and timesaving.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The problem occurred before having computerized
system includes:
• File lost

When computerized system is not implemented file is

always lost because of human
environment.Some times due to some human error there
may be a loss of records.

• File damaged When a computerized system is not

there file is always lost due to
some accdent like spilling of water by some member on
file accidentally.
Besides some natural disaster like floods or fires may
also damage the files.
• Difficult to search record

When there is no computerized system there is always a

difficulty in searching of
records if the records are large in number .

• Space consuming

After the number of records become large the space for

physical storage of file and
records also increases if no computerized system is
implemented.
• Cost consuming

As there is no computerized system the to add each

record paper will be needed
which will increase the cost for the management of
library.

System Design
Library management system includes software
requirement specification(SRS).The functional and non-
functional are included in SRS part to provide complete
description and overview of system requirement before
the developing process is carried out.

Case Diagram For User

Case Diagram For Admin
System Implementation for Users
Screenshot of home page:
Screenshot of entering detail of home page:
Screenshot of student portal after submitting the home
page:
Screenshot of general option in student portal:
Screenshot of attendance option in student portal:
Screenshot of exam option in student portal:
Screenshot of class option in student portal:
Screenshot of course option in student portal:
Screenshot of change password option inside password
in student portal:
Screenshot of changing password inside password in
student portal:
Screenshot of changing password successfully inside
password in student portal:
Screenshot of exam option inside online exam in
student portal:
Screenshot of filling details inside online exam in
student portal:
Screenshot of question paper of exam after filling
details inside online exam in student portal:
System Implementation for Admin
Screenshot of home page in for Admin:
Screenshot of class next page after submitting the home
page which opens admin portal:
Screenshot of subject option in admin portal:
Screenshot of video option in admin portal:
Screenshot of link option in admin portal:
Screenshot of setting option in admin portal:
Screenshot of e-section option in admin portal:
SYSTEM TESTING

The aim of the system testing process was to determine

all defects in our project .The
program was subjected to a set of test inputs and
various observations were made and based
on these observations it will be decided whether the
program behaves as expected or not. Our
Project went through two levels of testing
1. Unit testing
2.integration testing

UNIT TESTING
Unit testing is undertaken when a module has been
created and succesfully reviewed .In order
to test a single module we need to provide a complete
environment ie besides the module we
would require
• The procedures belonging to other modules that the
module under test calls

• Non local data structures that module accesses

• A procedure to call the functions of the module under

test with appropriate
parameters

Test For the admin module

• Testing admin login form-This form is used for log in

of administrator of
the system.In this we enter the username and password
if both are correct
administration page will open other wise if any of data
is wrong it will get
redirected back to the login page and again ask for
username and password

• Student account addition- In this section the admin

can verify student
details from student academinc info and then only add
student details to
main library database it contains add and delete buttons
if user click add
button data will be added to student database and if he
clicks delete button
the student data will be deleted
• Book Addition- Admin can enter details of book and
can add the details to
the main book table also he can view the books requests
.

2. Test for Student login module

• Test for Student login Form-This form is used for log

in of Student .In this
we enter thelibraryid, username and password if all
these are correct student
login page will open other wise if any of data is wrong
it will get redirected
back to the login page and again ask for libraryid,
username and password.

• Test for account creation- This form is used for new

account creation when
student does not fill the form completely it asks again to
fill the whole form
when he fill the form fully it gets redirected to page
which show waiting
for conformation message as his data will be only added
by administrator
after verification.

3. Test for teacher login module-

Test for teacher login form- This form is used for logg
in of teacher .In this we enter the
username and password if all these are correct teacher
login page will open other wise if any of
data is wrong it will get redirected back to the login
page and again ask for username and
password.
INTEGRATION TESTING

In this type of testing we test various integration of the

project module by providing the input
.The primary objective is to test the module interfaces
in order to ensure that no errors are
occurring when one module invokes the other module.
Software Tools
HTML:-It stands for Hyper text mark up language.It
consists of tags enclosed in angle brackets like
<html>.T ags most commonly come in pairs like <h1>
and </h1>.There are many tags for showing
images,lists,starting tag,ending tag,first tag,empty
elements,etc.

PHP:-It stands for Hypertext pre-processor.It is a server

side scripting language.It is mainly designed for web
development but also used as a general-purpose
programming language.

MY SQL:-SQL stands for structured query language.It

is a popular choice of database for use in web
applications.
For commercial use,server paid editions are
available,and offer additional functionality.Applications
which we use MYSQLdaatabases.

JAVA SCRIPT- JavaScript(JS) is a dynamic computer

programminglanguage. It is
most commonly used as part of web browsers, whose
implementations allow clientside
scripts to interact with the user, control the browser,
communicate
asynchronously, and alter the document content that is
displayed. It is also being
used in server-side programming, game development
and the creation of desktop and
mobile applications. JavaScript is a prototype-based
scripting language with
dynamic typing and has first-class functions. Its syntax
was influenced by C.
JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions
from Java, but the two
languages are otherwise unrelated and have very
different semantics. The key design
principles within JavaScript are taken from
the Self and Scheme programming languages. It is a
multiparadigm
language, supporting object-oriented, imperative,
and functional programming styles.

CSS- Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) is a style sheet

language used fordescribing
the look and formatting of a document written in a
markup language. While most
often used to style web pages and interfaces written in
HTML and XHTML, the
language can be applied to any kind
of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and
XUL. CSS is a cornerstone
specification of the web and almost all web pages use
CSS style sheets to describe
their presentation.CSS is designed primarily to enable
the separation of document
content from document presentation, including elements
such as the layout,
colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content
accessibility, provide more
flexibility and control in the specification.

Future Scope & Conclusion

This website is actually beneficial to the staffs as well
as the staff members of the the institution.
It makes all the procedures online where students can
search books,staffs are able to provide notifications and
reports.It has login facility where students can see the
status of books issued as well as staff can upload
lectures and see the status of student’s response. It also
has a facility for student login where student can login
and can see
status of books issued as well request for book or give
some suggestions. It has a facility of
teacher’s login where teachers can add lectures notes
and also give necessary suggestion to
library and also add info about workshops or events
happening in our college or nearby college
in the online notice board.

There is a future scope of this facility that many more

features such as online lectures video tutorials can be
added by teachers as well as online assignments
submission facility,a feature of group chat where
students can discuss various issues of studies can be
added to the project.