In class exercises: topic 1

1) Which of the following variables is an example of a categorical variable?

A) The amount of money you spend on eating out each month.
B) The time it takes you to write a test.
C) The geographic region of the country in which you live.
D) The weight of a cereal box.
Answer: C

2) Which of the following is an example of a discrete random variable?

A) The monthly electric bill for a local business.
B) The number of people eating at a local café between noon and 2:00 p.m.
C) The amount of time it takes for a worker to complete a complex task.
D) The percentage of people living below the poverty level in Boston.
Answer: B

3) Dr. Thomas graduated from West Virginia University with a code value = 1 while
Professor Harrison graduated from the Marshall University with a code value = 2. The
scale of measurement likely represented by this information is:
A) nominal.
B) ordinal.
C) interval.
D) ratio.
Answer: A

4) A measurement scale that rates product quality as either 1 = poor, 2 = average and 3
= good is known as:
A) nominal.
B) ordinal.
C) interval.
D) ratio.
Answer: B

5) A researcher used a procedure to select a sample of n objects from a population in

such a way that each member of the population is chosen strictly by chance, is equally
likely to be chosen, and every possible sample of size n has the same chance of
selection. The procedure used by the researcher is known as:
A) descriptive statistics.
B) inferential statistics.
C) simple random sampling.
D) None of the above
Answer: C

6) What type of graph does a stem-and-leaf resemble when turned vertically?

A) pie chart
B) scatter plot
C) histogram
D) line chart
Answer: C

7) A sample of 30 professional men was asked to estimate their yearly expenditures on

clothes for work. The data are summarized in the following stem-and-leaf display.

Stem = 100 Leaf = 10

What percentage of these men spent more than $600 and less than $700 on professional
attire? (Round to nearest tenth of a percent.)
A) 20.0%
B) 23.3%
C) 26.7%
D) 30.0%
Answer: B

8) Suppose a survey is taken of 300 high school seniors out of a total of 1,000 seniors.
This group is probably a:
A) sample.
B) population.
C) system.
D) process.
Answer: A

9) Companies are often interested in knowing how customers learned about their
products. They often solicit this information on mail-in warranty cards. The customers'
responses for a particular product were gathered and the data are presented in the pie
chart below.

What percentage of respondents learned about the product through television or the
Internet?
A) 12%
B) 39%
C) 51%
D) 100%
Answer: C

10) Pareto's principle is applied to a wide variety of behavior over many systems. It is
sometimes referred to as the:
A) "20-80" Rule.
B) "80-20" Rule.
C) "10-90" Rule.
D) "90-10" Rule.
Answer: B

11) Which of the following is most likely a continuous numerical variable?

A) the number of gallons of paint purchased
B) the number of reams of paper ordered
C) the population of Egypt in 2005
D) the number of miles of interstate highways
Answer: D

12) You asked ten of your classmates about their weight. On the basis of this
information, you stated that the average weight of all students in your university or
college is 142.6 pounds. This is an example of:
A) descriptive statistics.
B) inferential statistics.
C) parameter.
D) population.
Answer: B

13) In rating the service provided by a restaurant server, the following responses are
possible: excellent, above average, average, below average, and poor. The responses
are coded from 1 to 5 with 5 being excellent. The level of measurement this scale
represents is:
A) nominal.
B) ordinal.
C) interval.
D) ratio.
Answer: B

14) Which of the following is a categorical variable?

A) tire pressure
B) bank account balance
C) daily sales in a store
D) eye color
Answer: D

15) An automobile insurance agent believes that company A is more reliable than
company B. Which level of measurement does this information represent?
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio
Answer: B

16) Which of the following best describes the data: zip codes for students attending
Glenville College?
A) qualitative
B) numerical
C) quantitative
D) time-series
Answer: A

17) Which of the following best describes the data: grade point averages for athletes?
A) categorical
B) quantitative
C) qualitative
D) relative frequency
Answer: B

THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

In a recent marketing experiment, consumers were given one of four different types of
dishwashing detergent and asked to use it for a month. At the end of that time they
were asked to rate the detergent in terms of overall quality. The results are presented
below.

Poor Average Fair Good Total

Brand A 5 17 11 10 43
Brand B 14 26 8 18 66
Brand C 10 23 11 17 61
Brand D 11 19 7 5 42
Total 40 85 37 50 212

18) What percentage of the consumers rated their detergent fair or good?
A) 49.0%
B) 41.0%
C) 17.5%
D) 23.6%
Answer: B

19) What percentage of the consumers evaluated Brand A?

A) 20.3%
B) 16.7%
C) 23.0%
D) 18.9%
Answer: A
20) What percentage of the consumers rated their detergent average or better?
A) 23.6%
B) 40.1%
C) 81.1%
D) 17.5%
Answer: C

21) What percentage of the consumers rated their detergent below average?
A) 41.0%
B) 59.0%
C) 17.5%
D) 18.9%
Answer: D

22) Of the customers who were given Brand A, what percentage rated it poor?
A) 12.5%
B) 2.40%
C) 11.6%
D) 18.9%
Answer: C

23) Of the customers who rated their detergent good, what percentage evaluated Brand
C?
A) 23.6%
B) 34.0%
C) 8.0%
D) 28.8%
Answer: B

24) Make a a bar chart in Radiant with this data. “Q3 Bar chart Brands Radiant”

25) Use questions 1+2 in the excel in Radiant to make histograms and scatter plots

The data presented below were collected on the amount of time, in hours; it takes an
employee, to process an order at a local plumbing wholesaler.

2.8 4.9 0.5 13.2 14.2 8.9 3.7 15.2 11.2 13.4
5.5 10.2 1.1 14.2 7.8 4.5 10.9 8.8 18.2 17.1

26) Construct a stem-and-leaf display of the data.

Answer:
27) Construct a frequency distribution of the data.
Answer:
Time(in
hours) Frequency
0 but < 3.5 3
3.5 but < 6.5 4
6.5 but < 9.5 3
9.5 but <
12.5 3
12.5 but <
15.5 5
15.5 but <
18.5 2

28) Construct cumulative frequency and cumulative percent distributions of the data.
Answer:
Time (in Cumulative
hours) Frequency Cumulative %
< 3.5 3 15%
< 6.5 7 35%
< 9.5 10 50%
< 12.5 13 65%
< 15.5 18 90%
< 18.5 20 100%

29) Construct a frequency histogram of the data..

Answer:
30) Determine the percentage of time it takes an employee at most 12.5 hours to
process an order at the plumbing wholesaler.
Answer: 13/20 = 65%

THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

Data were collected on the number of people entering an electronics store each hour.
The data are presented below.

23 35 42 28 29 17 38 21 49 52
46 37 25 49 37 25 28 13 29 43

31) Construct a stem-and-leaf display of the data.

Answer:

32) Construct a frequency distribution of the data.

Answer:
Number of
People Frequency
10 but < 17 1
17 but < 24 3
24 but < 31 6
31 but < 38 3
38 but < 45 3
45 but < 52 3
52 but < 59 1

33) Construct cumulative frequency and cumulative percent distributions of the data.
Answer:
Number of Cumulative
people Frequency Cumulative %
< 17 1 5%
< 24 4 20%
< 31 10 50%
< 38 13 65%
< 45 16 80%
 < 52 19 95%
< 59 20 100%

34) The manager of a local RV sales lot has collected data on the number of RVs sold
per month for the last five years. That data is summarized below:

# of Sales 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
# of Months 2 6 9 13 21 7 2

What is the weighted mean number of sales per month?

A) 8.31
B) 9.23
C) 2.54
D) 5.62
Answer: B

35) A bored carpenter counts the actual number of nails in 10 boxes of nails and records
his findings as: 230, 235, 302, 287, 312, 323, 265, 319, 342, and 298. What can we say
about the shape of the distribution of the number of nails?
A) symmetric
B) skewed to the right
C) approximately bell-shaped
D) skewed to the left
Answer: D

36) A professor collected data on the number of absences in an introductory statistics

class of 100 students over the course of a semester. The data are summarized below.

Number of Absences 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of Students 5 13 24 23 17 11 7
What is the weighted mean number of absences per semester?
A) 3.14
B) 2.0
C) 2.95
D) 3.07
Answer: C

THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

The police lieutenant in charge of the traffic division reviews the number of traffic
citations issued by each of the police officers in his division. He finds that the mean
number of citations written by each officer is 23.2 citations per day, with a standard
deviation of 3.1. Assume that the distribution of the number of tickets issued is
approximately bell-shaped.

37) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Almost all of the officers wrote somewhere between 20.1 and 26.3 citations per day.
B) Almost all of the officers wrote more than 17 citations per day.
C) Almost all of the officers wrote less than 15 citations per day.
D) Approximately 95% of the officers wrote between 20.1 and 26.3 citations.
Answer: B

38) The coefficient of variation for the number of citations is:

A) 13.36%
B) 7.48%
C) 6.68
D) Cannot be determined without the sample size
Answer: A

39) Suppose that you are also told that the median for these data was 19.3. Which of the
following statements is true about the shape of the distribution?
A) It is skewed to the right.
B) It is skewed to the left.
C) It is approximately symmetric.
D) Cannot be determined without more information
Answer: A

THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

The police lieutenant in charge of the traffic division has reviewed the number of traffic
citations issued per day by each of the 10 police officers in his division. The data were:
13, 21, 12, 34, 31, 13, 22, 26, 25, and 23.

Arrange in ascending order: 12 13 13 21 22 23 25 26 31 34

40) What is the mean number of citations issued per day?

A) 22.0
B) 22.5
C) 13.0
D) 13.5
Answer: A
Mean=220/10=22

41) What is the median number of citations issued per day?

A) 22.0
B) 22.5
C) 13.0
D) 13.5
Answer: B
Median=0.5*(n+1)=0.5(10+1)=5.5th term= average of 5th and 6th term=22.5

42) What is the mode of the number of citations issued per day?
A) 22.0
B) 22.5
C) 13.0
D) 13.5
Answer: C mode occurs most of the time

43) What is the first quartile of the number of citations issued per day?
A) 22.0
B) 22.5
C) 13.0
D) 27.25
Answer: C

Q1=find the lower median 0.5*(n+1)=0.5*(5+1)=3rd term= 13

44) What is the third quartile of the number of citations issued per day?
A) 22.0
B) 22.5
C) 13.0
D) 26.0
Answer: D

Q1=find the upper median 0.5*(n+1)=0.5*(5+1)=3rd term= 26

45) What is the IQR?

26-13=13
THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
The police lieutenant in charge of the traffic division has reviewed the number of traffic
citations issued per day by each of the 10 police officers in his division. The data were:
13, 21, 12, 34, 31, 13, 22, 26, 25, and 23.

12 13 13 21 22 23 25 26 31 34

46) What is the standard deviation for the number of citations issued per day?

Answer: s2 =

47) What is the interquartile range for the number of citations issued per day?
Answer:
Median=22.5
Location of Q3 = 0.5(n + 1) = upper median=0.5(5+1) which is the 3rd term after the
median
Value of Q3 = 26
Location of Q1 = 0.5(n + 1) = 0.5(6) =3 so it 3rd term or lower median; Value of Q1 = 13
IQR = Q3- Q1 = 26- 13.0 = 13

THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

The number of students eating breakfast at the school dining commons was recorded
over 110 days last semester. These data are presented below.

160 but 190 but 220 but 250 but 280 but
# of Students < 190 < 220 < 250 < 280 < 310
# of Days 11 27 42 23 7

48) Calculate the quantities , , and .

Answer:

# of Days
midpoint
# of (frequency
Students fi) ( ) fi ( - ) fi
160 but <
190 11 175 1,925 -58.64 3438.22 37820.45
190 but <
220 27 205 5,535 -28.64 820.04 22141.12
220 but <
250 42 235 9,870 1.36 1.86 78.10
250 but <
280 23 265 6,095 31.36 983.68 22624.59
280 but <
310 7 325 2,275 91.36 8347.31 58431.20
110 25,700 141,095.45

= 25,700/110 = 233.64

49) What is the estimated mean number of students showing up for breakfast?
Answer: = 25,700/110 = 233.64
50) What is the estimated standard deviation for this data?

Answer: s2 = = 141,095.45/109 = 1294.45

THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

A small accounting office is trying to determine its staffing needs for the coming tax
season. The manager has collected the following data: 46, 27, 79, 57, 99, 75, 48, 89, and
85. These values represent the number of returns the office completed each year over
the entire nine years it has been doing tax returns.

51) For this data, what is the mean number of tax returns completed each year?

Answer: μ =
52) For this data, what is the median number of tax returns completed each year?
Answer: Ranked data: 27, 46, 48, 57, 75, 79, 85, 89, 99
Location of median = 0.50(n + 1) = 0.50(10) = 5th position. Hence, median = 75

53) For this data, what is the variance of the number of tax returns completed each
year?

Answer: σ2 = = 4541.56/9 = 504.62

54) For this data, what is the interquartile for the number of tax returns completed each
year?
Answer: median is 75
Location of Q1 or lower median= 0.5(n + 1) = 0.5(5) = 2.5; Value of Q1= (46 + 48)/2 =
47
Location of Q3 or upper median = 0.5(n + 1) = 0.5(10) = 2.5; Value of Q3 = (85 + 89)/2
= 87
IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 87 - 47 = 40

55) For this data, what is the coefficient of variation for the number of tax returns
completed each year?
Answer: σ = = 22.46
CV = (σ/μ) ∙ 100% = (22.46/67.22) ∙ 100% = 33.41%