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OOP_Unit1_Notes

The document introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and contrasts it with Procedural Programming, highlighting key differences such as data handling and code reusability. It outlines the four core principles of OOP: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism, and discusses the benefits and applications of OOP in software development. Overall, OOP is presented as a powerful paradigm that enhances modularity and efficiency in programming.

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hasamshaikh088
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12 views3 pages

OOP_Unit1_Notes

The document introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and contrasts it with Procedural Programming, highlighting key differences such as data handling and code reusability. It outlines the four core principles of OOP: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism, and discusses the benefits and applications of OOP in software development. Overall, OOP is presented as a powerful paradigm that enhances modularity and efficiency in programming.

Uploaded by

hasamshaikh088
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1: Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

1.1 Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Programming

Procedural Programming:

- Based on functions and procedures.

- Follows a top-down approach.

- Data is separate from functions.

- Example languages: C, Pascal, Fortran.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

- Based on objects and classes.

- Follows a bottom-up approach.

- Data is encapsulated and protected.

- Example languages: C++, Java, Python.

Comparison Table:

| Feature | Procedural Programming | Object-Oriented Programming |

|----------------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|

| Approach | Top-down | Bottom-up |

| Data Handling | Separate from functions | Encapsulated in objects |

| Code Reusability | Less | High (due to inheritance) |

| Security | Low (Global access) | High (Encapsulation) |

| Examples | C, Pascal | C++, Java, Python |

1.2 Principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)


1. Encapsulation:

- Wrapping of data and functions into a single unit (class).

- Restricts direct access to data.

2. Abstraction:

- Hides implementation details and shows only necessary functionality.

3. Inheritance:

- One class derives properties and behaviors from another.

- Reduces redundancy and improves reusability.

4. Polymorphism:

- Allows functions or operators to behave differently based on context.

- Example: Function Overloading and Overriding.

1.3 Benefits and Applications of OOP

Benefits:

- Code reusability, Data security, Flexibility, Easy maintenance.

Applications:

- Software Development, Databases, Operating Systems, AI & ML.

Conclusion:

- OOP is a powerful paradigm for modern software development.

- Four core principles (Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism) enhance modularity


and efficiency.

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