10-1108_idd-03-2023-0030

A decade analysis of employees’ well-being and
performance while working from home: a

bibliometric approach
Ridhima Goel and Jagdeep Singla
Institute of Management Studies and Research, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, India, and
Amit Mittal and Meenal Arora
Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
Abstract
Purpose – Work-from-home (WFH) has gained popularity over the past years. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to systematically
review and synthesize scholarly literature on the complex interplay between WFH, employee well-being and performance.
Design/methodology/approach – The study incorporates analysis of the bibliometric including performance analysis, content analysis and
scientific mapping that is applied to 497 Scopus papers. VOSviewer software was used to evaluate the data.
Findings – This study posits an imbalance between the count of documents and the citations earned by each author. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health was regarded as a leading journal with maximum citations and publications. The highest count of
publications came from most Asian countries such as India, China, Indonesia and Japan. The investigation indicated that the writers with the
maximum citations were predominantly the authors of the majorly cited papers. Further, the text mining through co-occurrence of keyword analysis
generated five clusters and cocited references revealed three themes.
Practical implications – The current research might benefit both research groups as well as human resource professionals since it also reveals the
research necessity and gaps in the WFH domain.
Originality/value – This research delves into unexplored facets of WFH beyond traditional studies over the past decade by examining remote work
arrangements in today’s economy, revealing previously unnoticed dynamics affecting employee well-being and performance. This innovative
viewpoint enhances the literature and provides an empirical foundation for strategic organizational decision-making and future study.
Keywords Work-from-home, Remote work, Well-being, Performance, Bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer
Paper type Research paper
1. Introduction Though working from home has been a matter of issue for
researchers for a prolonged period (Mokhtarian, 2009), it was only
The evolution of technology has altered and enhanced our lives
during COVID-19 that businesses, personnel and government
in various ways. In addition to making important benefits to the
entities began to recognize the advantages of WFH when everyone
economy, technology has transformed the way we work
was forced to stay at their homes (Dandotiya and Aggarwal, 2022).
(Donnelly and Johns, 2021). The advancement of technology
Moreover, telework has introduced new problems to human
has rendered work-from-home (WFH) possible. The concept
resource administration, including the necessity for businesses and
of WFH; commonly known as remote work, telecommuting or
individuals to adapt to telecommuting to achieve higher standards
telework; is growing widely popular in today’s environment.
of performance (Abulibdeh, 2020).
Remote work is defined as overall organizational work Many suburban employees prefer to WFH, even if their
that takes place outside of the conventional organizational offices are nearby. Certain findings indicate that part-time
limitations of time and space (Nilles, 1988). Working at the employment among women professionals, middle-aged adults,
workplace had been a major component of lateindustrial as well
full-time employees with children, those with longer commutes
as postindustrial civilizations, making telework a unique option
and individuals living at relatively bigger residences have a huge
(Suzman, 2020). Although numerous self-employed workers,
propensity to choose to WFH on alternate days (Fatmi et al.,
artisans, authors and craftsmen work from their homes and fix
2022). Not only that, teleworking may eliminate daily
their working hours, most of them still work from nine to five on
commutes and traffic jams, enhance air quality, boost efficiency
a daily basis in specific organizational premise (Nilles, 1988).
and productivity, provide schedule flexibility and promote
work–life balance, including other advantages (Harpaz, 2002).
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald A study by Bloom et al. (2015) suggested that working from
Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/2398-6247.htm
Received 28 March 2023

Information Discovery and Delivery
Revised 20 July 2023
53/1 (2025) 22–42 10 October 2023
© Emerald Publishing Limited [ISSN 2398-6247] 9 December 2023
[DOI 10.1108/IDD-03-2023-0030] Accepted 5 February 2024
22
Decade analysis of employees’ well-being Information Discovery and Delivery
Ridhima Goel, Jagdeep Singla, Amit Mittal and Meenal Arora Volume 53 · Number 1 · 2025 · 22–42
home has a promising bright future while exploring a highly RQ3. What are the primary keywords that frequently appear
significant increase in the performance of the employees, and along with work-from-home in scholarly literature?
believed that the practice of working from home should be What are the anticipated research trends in this area?
probed even more. As firms and organizations start to resume
RQ4. What are the themes analyzed from the cocitation of
their work postpandemic, initiatives and tactics should be taken
cited references?
to encourage WFH or some other type of telecommuting to
maintain and improve the performance of the employees To address the research questions, we analyze the WFH studies
(Shamshiripour et al., 2020). Although, in the past 10 years, through bibliometric evaluation and content analysis. The
numerous experts have explored studies on the wellness of the research is further organized as follows: Section 2 discusses
employees, it was only in 2021 and 2022 that the relation the background knowledge, encompassing the scientific
between well-being and performance while working from home literature in the context of WFH, employee well-being and
has been explored (Cantante-Rodrigues et al., 2021). Previous performance. Section 3 elucidates the methodology used to
studies relating to WFH have enabled a relationship between conduct the current bibliometric research work. Section 4
employees’ productivity and their well-being (Vashishth and delves into a detailed explanation of the data analysis. Section 5
Jhamb, 2021; Lopes et al., 2023). deliberates the findings of our research. Section 6 delineates the
The concept of WFH and its effect on work effectiveness and theoretical and practical contributions of our study and finally,
well-being are extensively researched not only within academic Section 7 concludes by addressing the future directions and
circles but also in nonacademic domains such as industry limitations of our study.
and business. Nonetheless, it was explored by 70% of the
researchers that if they could remotely work even in the future, 2. Theoretical background
they would perform more effectively and 66% indicated that
2.1 Evolution of work-from-home
doing so might facilitate their well-being (Aczel et al., 2021).
The concept of WFH has its origins in the 1900s with the
Therefore, it is stated that employees’ psychological well-being emergence of “telework,” or “telecommuting,” as a revolutionary
affects the performance of the employees working from home way out of normal lives by leveraging technology and shifting
(Sutarto et al., 2021). Contrarily, according to the World from traditional lifestyles to enable individuals to work from their
Trend Index (2022), most organizations are opposing remote residences and workplaces or other locations (Huws et al., 1990).
work as this transition has made it more difficult to have faith in Thereafter, a study by Mokhtarian (1991) provides a theoretical
employees’ productivity. However, 73% of employees think framework for telecommuting while discussing the challenges
they require a more compelling reason to report to work than associated with the emergence of this new work environment
business expectations (World Trend Index, 2022). Despite the (Weijers et al., 1992; Wellman et al., 1996). Few early studies in
ongoing controversies, WFH is promoted as a remedy for the the 20s discussed the positive and negative aspects of remote
work–life balance (Ahmad et al., 2022). work, mainly discussing telework as a novel aspect of business
Since many studies have been conducted on work from home establishment (Fraser and Gold, 2001; Barsness et al., 2005)
and the various viewpoints of researchers contradict each other, while offering potential avenues for further investigation in this
it is important to comprehensively synthesize the existing domain (Baruch, 2000; Bailey and Kurland, 2002; Gajendran
literature. Hence, the present study conducts a comprehensive and Harrison, 2007). Certain studies discussed legal concerns
synthesis of emerging research trends within the past decade in regarding telework (Baruch and Smith, 2002) and the scientific
the domain of WFH by investigating the chronological rise of effectiveness of telecommuting for organizations (Hill et al.,
publications, author contributions, keyword co-occurrence and 2003; Allen et al., 2015). Due to its theoretical significance in
content analysis using bibliometric analysis, hence, providing addition to its practical ramifications, the research on working at
insights into future research trends for researchers. The home has attracted a lot of interest in academia.
phenomena of WFH adoption have spurred the study to WFH, synonymously known as “Telework” or
analyze a pattern of remote work over a decade (2013–2022, “Telecommuting” or “remote work” is conceptualized as a
n ¼ 497), where 18 publications were eliminated from the work setting where employees of an organization substitute a
publication year of 2023. The bibliometric review mitigated part of their standard working hours while working away from
subjective biases in contrast with conventional literature review a centralized office, generally from home, to accomplish their
techniques such as systematic literature review (Donthu et al., work while using technology to communicate with others when
2021). Consequently, this approach enhanced the quality, needed (Messenger and Gschwind, 2016; Allen et al., 2015).
replicability and transparency of the analysis, making it more Flexibility in work schedules has been recommended as a
means of conserving energy and reducing pollution or even
reliable and rigorous. In this endeavor, our current research
traffic (Hook et al., 2020). In the past few years, the adoption of
seeks to address the following research questions:
WFH has increased due to societal shifts (Jain et al., 2022),
RQ1. What are the observed patterns in publications of technological advancement and organizational and individual
remote work from 2013 to 2022? decisions (Allen et al., 2015; Raghuram et al., 2019).
Recent research revealed that IT professionals are massively
RQ2. How can the characteristics of research fields, major in favor of implementing the idea of working from home into its
sources, frequently cited papers and coauthorship patterns organizational structure (Srivastava et al., 2021). Most of the
of authors, institutions and countries articulate in the organizations have discovered that the workers preferred the
current domain? notion of WFH since they presumed that working remotely
23
would allow them a superior possibility to successfully maintain impact on perceived innovative performance. Moreover, not
their personal and work lives while also saving hours of travel every task can be done from home, and not every corporation
and unofficial interactions with peer groups, technical staff, etc. has the resources to provide its workforce with flexible
Post the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak, several businesses workspaces or activity-based workplaces. However, working
have started allowing their staff to work remotely. This likely from home is an acceptable choice when required and feasible
had and will continue to possess a significant effect on both (Aidla et al., 2022).
employees and employers (Aggarwal et al., 2021; Fan and Despite the growing interest in the relationship between
Moen, 2021; Bolisani, 2020). Dogra and Parrey (2022) used working from home, employee well-being and performance,
bibliometric analysis within the context of “COVID-19” there is a lack of a structured and quantitative assessment of the
and “Work-from-home.” This study summarized the trends scholarly literature by bibliometric analysis. While the extant
and analyzed the top nations, publications, authors and literature has explored various facets of this relationship,
keywords. However, this study was confined to data extracted systematic mapping and evaluation are absent in the evolution
from 2020 to 2022 only and hence called for conducting more
of research in this field. Therefore, to clarify the existing
research in the specific domain.
research gap in the form of a comprehensive bibliometric study,
the current research work examines the trajectory of research
2.2 Linking work-from-home with employee well-being
on the interplay between WFH, employee well-being and
Studies indicate that WFH adoption varies between various
performance.
businesses across different nations (Bartik et al., 2020; Dingel
and Neiman, 2020). The central factors that influence the
acceptance of working remotely are the employers’ approval
3. Research methodology
(Kalleberg, 2001; Hodgson, 2003), job characteristics
(Kalleberg, 2001; Hodgson, 2003), workers’ embracement This research used a “Mixed-Method Systematic Review”
(Wang et al., 2019), the accessibility to the technology required (Harden and Thomas, 2010) that incorporates qualitative as
in homework office (Donnelly and Johns, 2021) and the well as quantitative research practices. For this study, preferred
psychological effect of remote work on employees (Waizenegger reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis
et al., 2020). However, the inability of management to oversee (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted, followed by performance
remotely and provide dependable and secure Web access to all analysis, content analysis and scientific mapping. Figure 1
the personnel working from home might affect corporate and represents the PRISMA technique used to explore scientific
individual results (Bailey and Kurland, 2002; Cooper and literature databases by using specific keywords, refined search
Kurland, 2002). Moreover, many businesses are hesitant to algorithms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, along eligibility
allow remote employment (Hodgson, 2003; Leonardi, 2020). protocols (Page et al., 2021).
Before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a mere 3% of The term “bibliometric analysis” refers to the visualization,
the American working population spent at least 50% of their total investigation and analysis of extensive historical data from a neutral
work time at home (Johnson, 2021). Despite this low prevalence, and quantitative viewpoint (Tandon, 2020; Cobo et al., 2011). It
prepandemic research remains consistent with the latest studies
aids in tracing a field’s intellectual history and the development
(Olsen et al., 2023), indicating that the flexibility of working from
of study areas. To provide a comprehensive mapping of the
home is associated with reduced exhaustion and stress, thereby
knowledge structure in the domain of WFH, the current research
improving employees’ well-being. This suggests a consistency in
includes cocitation analysis, citation analysis, descriptive statistics,
the results across different periods and underscores the positive
scientific mapping, trend analysis, coauthorship analysis, keyword
influence of WFH on employee well-being.
co-occurrence analysis and content analysis.
2.3 Linking work-from-home with employee
performance
3.1 Data collection
Through a meta-analysis, Harker Martin and MacDonnell
Initially, a systematic as well as comprehensive database search is
(2012) concluded that working remotely is a key element that
meant to be undertaken in Scopus’ title-abstract-keyword category.
helps to enhance productivity, retain individuals and construct
Scopus was then chosen because it has higher scalability of work-
organizational commitment, which ultimately enhances
from-home papers than other sources such as the Web of Science
performance (Gajendran and Harrison, 2007). In the late
(Tiwari et al., 2019). Later, publications were retrieved using a
1980s and early 1990s, remote work research initially started to
emerge when a study by Golden and Veiga (2008) stated that keyword search, “Work from Home” or “Working from home”
individuals working virtually facilitate higher performance at or “remote working” or “remote work” or “telework” or “WFH”
work. A survey report declares that remote work is expected to and “well-being” or “performance” as shown in Table 1 where
spread over 36.2 million individuals in the USA by 2025, which initially 967 studies retrieved. Later, screening included a
is equivalent to 22% of the total workforce (Upwork, 2021), filtration process based on inclusion/exclusion criteria (Figure 1).
and the global development rate is anticipated to range from Only publications in the English language that were at the final
11% to 30% (Tugend et al., 2014). A study by Santiago Torner stage and published in journals were included. The search was
(2023) stated that professionals with higher educational limited to publications from various subject areas, as illustrated in
credentials might elevate their innovative performance by Table 1, within a period of 10 years 2013 to 2022. The final
working from home. However, working from home at a lower inclusion documented 497 articles to be eligible for further
frequency, such as once per week, has a significant negative analyses represented in Figure 1.
24
Figure 1 PRISMA flowchart for article retrieval
Table 1 Refined search query

Description Conditions
Keywords TITLE-ABS-KEY (“WORK FROM HOME OR wfh OR WORKING HOME OR REMOTE WORKING OR REMOTE
WORK OR TELEWORK AND WELL BEING OR PERFORMANCE”)
Search query after refining TITLE-ABS-KEY (“WORK FROM HOME OR wfh OR WORKING HOME OR REMOTE WORKING OR REMOTE
WORK OR TELEWORK AND WELL BEING OR PERFORMANCE”) AND (LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2022)
OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2021) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2020) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2019)
OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2018) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2017) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2016)
OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2015) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2014) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR, 2013)) AND
(LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “ar”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, “English”) AND (LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA,
“BUSI”) OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, “SOCI”) OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, “PSYC”) OR LIMIT-TO
(SUBJAREA, “COMP”) OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, “ENVI”) OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, “ARTS”) OR LIMIT-
TO (SUBJAREA, “DECI”) OR LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, “MULT”)
Access All open access and closed access
Query search date January 7, 2023
Subject area Business management and accounting, Social sciences, Psychology, Computer science, Environmental science,
Arts and humanities, Decision sciences, Multidisciplinary
Source type Articles
Language English
Years 2013–2022
Source: Author(s) own creation
25
3.2 Visualization tool growing emphasis on improving employee wellness and

Authors frequently do not design his\her unique mapping performance (Cantante-Rodrigues et al., 2021).
techniques to conduct effective research in a bibliometric
environment; instead, they use preexisting visualization toolkits 4.2 Subject-wise classification of documents
(Van Eck and Waltman, 2014). The operating system that was Figure 3 illustrates the distribution of articles across different
used in the investigation is VOSviewer, which is said to be a domains. The findings revealed a substantial number of
cost-effective option for bibliometric mapping and was the articles, where the highest number (n ¼ 195) of articles are
software chosen for visualization. It gives particular attention to published in the subject area of business management and
how scientific maps are represented graphically. Additionally, it accounting. Similarly, other domains like Social Sciences
is particularly helpful for creating and presenting vast scientific published 182 articles and Psychology published 117 articles.
maps coherently (Van Eck and Waltman, 2014). Thus, a thorough investigation is required to map and
systematically acknowledge the scientific literature on workers
who work remotely.
4. Analyzing the data
4.1 Current trends in publication 4.3 Most prominent geographic region
A summary of the extracted data gleaned from the database of These articles originated from more than 85 countries across
Scopus is shown in Table 2. From 2013 to 2022, 497 articles the world, with the USA contributing the highest number of
with 1,619 authors and 643 sources were compiled (until articles among them. It might be the ground that working from
January 7, 2023). The lack of research in the area of working home is a rising trend in organizations and is nowadays in its
remotely till 2019 is illustrated in Figure 2. The highest number pivotal stage (Qamar and Samad, 2022), especially in the
of WFH articles portraying a linkage between performance and context of India being the second-highest in the number of
well-being of the employees were published in the year 2022 publications with 48 documents, followed by the UK, Italy,
(n ¼ 279). However, with the emergence of COVID-19, Australia, Germany, Canada, The Netherlands, China and
researchers investigated the literature to identify alternative Poland being the profusely productive geographical regions
approaches to traditional office setups, prioritizing jobs that can across the world as shown in Table 3. The acceptance and
be conducted remotely and are applicable on a global scale implementation of this trend should be carried out among all
(Bartik et al., 2020; Dingel and Neiman, 2020). Over time, in organizations to provide a higher level of performance to the
seeking a solution to the then-imposed work schedule, and now employees (Lopes et al., 2023).
adapted by choice, the effectiveness of this unconventional Bibliographic coupling further analyzed the linkages from
work arrangement, WFH, has gained popularity among those countries that publish research in the field of work-from-
researchers (Figure 2). This surge can be explained by the home. As a result, it demonstrates that different geographical
prevailing preference of the majority of individuals to remain locations are concentrating on publications in identical study
within the confines of their homes. The increasing demand to areas (Fan and Moen, 2021). Since the researchers hail from
study the impact of working remotely is notably driven by a both developed and developing nations, this phenomenon
symbolizes a widespread acknowledgment of opportunities in
the realm of remote work on a global scale. Figure 4 depicts a
Table 2 Description of sources
representation of the countries that are actively involved in
Description Results WFH research. Bibliographic coupling was performed for
Articles 497
countries that had a minimum of three documents published
Sources (Journals/Proceedings) 643 (Figure 4). The benchmark is met by 46 countries out of 86.
Publication period 2013–2022 Each sphere in the visual network representation depicts a
Authors 1,619 country; however, the width of these circles represents the
enormity of the contribution; when the circle is large, the
Source: Author(s) own creation contribution is greatest.
Figure 2 Growth trajectory of the literature of WFH (2013–2022)
(n = 497)
300
279
NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS
250
200
150
100 139
50
4 8 7 10 5 9
2 34
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
YEAR (2013-2022)
26
Figure 3 Number of publications by subject area

250
195
200 182
150
117
100 88
74 65
48 40
50 26 23 21
11 10 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 1 1 1
0
Table 3 Most productive countries and regions

Rank Country Documents Citations Continent Developing/developed
1 USA 101 1,773 North America Developed
2 India 48 249 Asia Developing
3 UK 39 742 Europe Developed
4 Italy 29 153 Europe Developed
5 Australia 28 418 Australia Developed
6 Germany 27 511 Europe Developed
7 Canada 26 144 North America Developed
8 The Netherlands 21 489 Europe Developed
9 China 19 87 Asia Developing
10 Poland 16 112 Europe Developed
11 Portugal 16 64 Europe Developed
12 Spain 15 114 Europe Developed
13 Indonesia 15 94 Asia Developing
14 South Korea 14 77 Asia Developed
15 Japan 14 52 Asia Developed
16 France 14 51 Europe Developed
4.4 Author influence Additionally, the evaluation of the most productive authors
Figure 5 depicts the coauthorship composition by country. A involved considering the count of articles, bibliographic
comprehensive analysis was conducted on the countries that coupling, cocitation and coauthorship. Table 5 provides an
produce a minimum of 15 publications, where it was found that overview of the authors who have each published four
12 out of the 86 countries met this threshold. The analysis documents in the domain of work-from-home. Notably,
focuses on the number of articles, where each receives at least Beck, M.J.; Hensher, D.A; Schockley, K.M.; Toscano and
two citations, originating from each country within a specified Zappala emerged as the leading contributors with four
geographical area (Arora et al., 2023). The analysis delved into publications each. Beck and Hensher are affiliated with the
primary linkages between the countries, shedding light on the Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS) at The
frequency of articles published in collaboration. University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, NSW 2006,
According to the findings presented in Table 4, researchers Australia.
from Australia and the UK exhibit the highest frequency, with The majority of researchers have a minimum of three articles
five collaborative publications. It is noteworthy that the USA published within the field of WFH. Furthermore, the study
had the most significant number of publications at 14, assessed the most cited authors in this domain, highlighting
indicating a substantial level of collaborative research. The Shockley K.M. and Ipsen C. in Table 6. Similarly, Table 5
authors from the UK contributed to 11 articles in which they outlines the top ten authors depending on the count of citations
collaborated with researchers from other nations. per publication.
27
Figure 4 Bibliographic coupling of countries
Figure 5 Network of coauthorship among the countries
Notably, the top three ranked authors demonstrated citation In research, when two articles by two separate researchers are
rates of 607, 131 and 131, respectively, underscoring their regularly being cocited by other authors, cocitation analysis is
prominence in the field. These authors have published at least used (Farrukh et al., 2021). This cocitation analysis aids in
three documents on the subject. examining the connections as well as trends among the topics in
28
Table 4 Co-authorship among the countries cluster are connected through cocitations. This reveals the
publications’ width and patterns. Because of this, there are
From To Frequency
many cocitations between the writers in the same cluster.
Australia UK 5
UK Australia 5 4.5 The most cited publications
Canada USA 4 The bibliometric technique plays a crucial role in monitoring
Germany The Netherlands 4 the progression and trends of impactful publications (Taj et al.,
The Netherlands Germany 4 2019). The current analysis filtered and ranked the top ten
USA Canada 4 publications based on their count of citations (as illustrated in
India USA 3 Table 7), where the inclusion of publications with at least 54
Italy USA 3 citations yielded 20 documents meeting the threshold. The
Poland India 2 focus of this section is on the most cited documents aligning
Spain Canada 2
with earlier studies, which underscores the relevance of an
China United Kingdom 1
article with an increased citation count (Aksnes and Sivertsen,
Indonesia Australia 1
2019).
Portugal Germany 1
A pivotal moment in the domain of WFH can be traced back
Source: Author(s) own creation to the publication of 2015 by Allen et al. (2015) titled “How
Effective Is Working from Home? Evaluation of the Scientific
Findings’ Status.” This study originated from the USA,
a given area. Figure 6 illustrates various colored clusters securing the highest citation count, significantly contributing to
depicting the top 15 authors, where, Bakker A.B. is at the top of the increasing popularity of telecommuting. In the current
the list having the strongest of cocitation linkage strength. study, Figure 7 represents a network visualization diagram
Followed by Golden T.D., Allen T.D. and Demerouti E. specifying the bibliographic coupling of the leading cited
with the foremost link strength. The researchers in that same publications where four clusters were identified. Every
Table 5 Most productive authors in work-from-home

Rank Author No. of publications Citations Country Current affiliation
1 Beck M.J. 4 134 Australia Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS), The
University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, NSW 2006,
Australia
2 Hensher D.A. 4 134 Australia Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS), The
University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, NSW 2006,
Australia
3 Shockley K.M. 4 607 USA University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
4 Toscano F. 4 23 Italy Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127
Bologna, Italy
5 Zappala S. 4 23 Italy Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum–
University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
6 Biron M. 3 4 Israel School of Business Administration, University of Haifa,
Haifa, Israel
7 Boman E. 3 26 Sweden Hogskolan I Gavle, Sweden
8 Charbonneau E. 3 26 Canada Ecole Nationale d’Administration Publique, Quebec,
Canada
9 Chen J. 3 43 China Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xinyang,
China
10 Heiden M. 3 26 Sweden Hogskolan I Gavle, Gavle, Sweden
11 Ipsen C. 3 131 Denmark Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
12 Junça Silva A. 3 3 Portugal Iscte – Instituto Universitario De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
13 Kirchner K. 3 131 Denmark Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
14 Oksanen A. 3 6 Finland Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
15 Park S. 3 22 Finland Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
16 Van Der Lippe T. 3 101 The Netherlands Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
17 Wang W. 3 29 China Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xinyang,
China
18 Widar L. 3 26 Sweden Hogskolan I Gavle, Gavle, Sweden
19 Wiitavaara B. 3 26 Sweden Hogskolan I Gavle, Gavle, Sweden
29
Table 6 Topmost authors conforming to citation per publication

Rank Author Documents Citations Citation per publication
1 Shockley K.M. 4 607 151
2 Ipsen C. 3 131 43
3 Kirchner K. 3 131 43
4 Van Der Lippe T. 3 101 33
5 Beck M.J. 4 134 33
6 Hensher D.A. 4 134 33
7 Chen Z. 3 43 14
8 Wang W. 3 29 9
9 Boman E. 3 26 8
10 Charbonneau E. 3 26 8
11 Heiden M. 3 26 8
12 Widar L. 3 26 8
13 Wiitavaara B. 3 26 8
14 Park S. 3 22 7
15 Toscano F. 4 23 5
16 Zappala S. 4 23 5
17 Oksanen A. 3 6 2
18 Biron M. 3 4 1
19 Junça Silva A. 3 3 1
Figure 6 Cocitation analysis of the top 15 authors
publication is symbolized by the first author and the year it was publications (n ¼ 35) and maximum citations (n ¼ 332),
published. Figure 7 depicts the top ten papers relying upon the categorized as an interdisciplinary, open-access and peer-
overall linkage strength of the bibliographic coupling between reviewed journal. This has been preceded by the journal
the publications with the least number of citations, which is 86. Frontiers of Psychology, which is ranked second; however, the
average citation per publication (ACPP) is very low. According
4.6 Leading journals to ACPP, the Journal of Applied Psychology ranked first with an
A total of 310 journals contributed to work-from-home ACPP of 35 with 177 citations and five publications.
research, with Table 8 highlighting the 11 most leading ones. Using bibliographic coupling, the comprehensive body of
These top 11 most productive journals have collectively related literature referred to in the publications was
published 136 articles, contributing to 27.36% of the overall systematically analyzed, as depicted in Figure 8. The study’s
research findings based on the number of documents. At the inclusion criteria involved publications with a minimum of ten
forefront of the list is the International Journal of Environmental citations. Resulting in the identification of 11 journals out of a
Research and Public Health, with the highest number of total of 310 cumulative journals that met the criterion. Topping
30
Table 7 Most cited publication

Rank Authors Title Year Source title Cited by
1 Allen T.D. How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of 2015 Psychological Science in 454
our scientific findings the Public Interest
2 Felstead A. Assessing the growth of remote working and its 2017 New Technology, Work 256
consequences for effort, well-being and work–life and Employment
balance
3 Charalampous M. Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at 2019 European Journal of Work 149
work: A multidimensional approach and Organizational
Psychology
4 Bartsch S. Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital 2021 Journal of Service 111
transformation: How to lead service employees Management
effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic
5 Beck M.J. Slowly coming out of COVID-19 restrictions in Australia: 2020 Journal of Transport 111
implications for working from home and commuting trips Geography
by car and public transport
6 Anderson A.J. The impact of telework on emotional experience: when, 2015 European Journal of Work 108
and for whom, does telework improve daily affective and Organizational
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longitudinal evidence on satisfaction with work and Time of the Coronavirus
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8 Coenen M. Workplace flexibility and new product development 2014 European Management 103
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home in Europe during COVID-19 Environmental Research
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10 Song Y. Does telework stress employees out? A study on working 2020 Journal of Happiness 87
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11 Shockley K.M. Work–family strategies during COVID-19: examining 2021 Journal of Applied 85
gender dynamics among dual-earner couples with young Psychology
children
12 Awada M. Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: 2021 Work: A Journal of 82
impact on office worker productivity and work Prevention, Assessment
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13 Vega R.P. A within-person examination of the effects of telework 2015 Journal of Business and 78
Psychology
14 Golden T.D. Unpacking the role of a telecommuter’s job in their 2019 Journal of Business and 77
performance: examining job complexity, problem solving, Psychology
interdependence and social support
15 De Menezes L.M. Flexible working, individual performance and employee 2017 Human Resource 76
attitudes: comparing formal and informal arrangements Management
16 Van Der Lippe T. Co-workers working from home and individual and team 2020 New Technology, Work 68
performance and Employment
17 O’neill T.A. Prediction of cyberslacking when employees are working 2014 Computers in Human 64
away from the office Behavior
18 Meyer B. Employee psychological well-being during the Covid-19 2021 International Journal of 57
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resources and exhaustion
19 Nemteanu M.-S. The influence of internal marketing and job satisfaction 2021 International Journal of 55
on task performance and counterproductive work Environmental Research
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20 Windeler J.B. Getting away from them all: managing exhaustion from 2017 Journal of Organizational 54
social interaction with telework Behavior
31
Figure 7 Bibliographic coupling of documents
Table 8 Leading journals

No. of Average citation per
Rank Source (leading journals) publications Citations publications (ACPP)
1 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 35 332 9
2 Frontiers in Psychology 26 112 4
3 Sustainability (Switzerland) 23 99 4
4 Information Technology and People 9 28 3
5 International Journal of Manpower 8 28 3
6 Personnel Review 8 20 2
7 Plos One 7 98 14
8 Current Psychology 5 59 12
9 International Journal of Human Resource Management 5 51 10
10 International Journal of Workplace Health Management 5 20 4
11 Journal of Applied Psychology 5 177 35
the rankings, Frontier in Psychology exhibits the strongest maximum number of publications while the ITLS, The
bibliographic linkage strength. Figure 8 illustrates three distinct University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, has maximum
clusters; the Red Cluster is led by Frontiers in Psychology, citations. Table 9 also depicts that universities from Asia have
followed by Personnel Review, International Journal of Human, the maximum number of articles published, with six research
Journal of Applied Psychology and International Journal of publications, preceded by Europe with five research
Manpower. The Green Cluster is dominated by the International publications, hence concluding that these universities have a
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, followed by major contribution to the research of the WFH domain and its
Plos One, Current Psychology and the Blue Cluster includes the significance on employees’ well-being or performance.
International Journal of Workplace Health Management and
Information Technology and People, depicting that similar 4.8 Keywords co-occurrence analysis
literature is cited by all the journals of one cluster. An essential bibliometric method that has been around since
the mid-1970s, co-occurrence keyword analysis, may locate
4.7 The most productive universities hotspots and find understanding in the articles and literature
This segment analyzes various educational universities across (Agarwal et al., 2016; Li et al., 2015). Keyword co-occurrence
the world (Arora et al., 2023), encompassing a total of 1,163 analysis is the text mining technique used to establish
universities in total, which has a significant volume of research the relationship between keywords. It is used to address the
publications produced on the topics of WFH and well-being or limitations posed by data mining, particularly in handling the
performance. Table 9 shows the top ten most productive processing of extensive unstructured text (Farrukh et al., 2021).
organizations that have a minimum of two publications and two In this study, keywords were gathered using VOSviewer, a co-
citations, in which the Department of Humanities, University of occurrence network incorporating 20 keywords and illustrating
Naples, Federico II is the most prolific university with the five clusters that appear at least eight times in the publications.
32
Figure 8 Bibliographic coupling of journals
Table 9 Most prolific universities

Rank Organization No. of publications Citations Continent
1 Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 3 2 Europe
Italy
2 Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS), The University of 3 130 Australia
Sydney Business School, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
3 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 3 14 North America
4 C2S EA 6291, Universite De Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, 2 2 Europe
France
5 College of Engineering, Tamagawa University, Machida City, Japan 2 3 Asia
6 College of System Engineering, Wakayama University, Wakayama 2 3 Asia
City, Japan
7 Department of Accounting, Janabadra University, Yogyakarta, 2 28 Asia
Indonesia
8 Department of Psychology and Human Capital Development, 2 17 Europe
Financial University Under the Government of the Russian
Federation, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
9 Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 2 138 North America
10 Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, USA 2 469 North America
In Figure 8, the diameter of the node represents the frequency frequently co-occurring keyword was work from home, and it
with which a keyword occurs. was more closely related to the other keywords in the table
The representation of keywords is indicated by the node (Arora et al., 2023). A refined list of top keywords was extracted
label, with node size reflecting the frequency of each keyword. and organized into clusters using VOSviewer. “Work-from-
In Figure 9, we concluded that out of 2,774 keywords from 497 home” occurred the maximum times, therefore, being the
articles, only 29 keywords are displayed with a minimum co- central term of the top 20 keywords, appearing 280 times and
occurrence of eight keywords. The connection between closely related to “Well-being,” “humans,” “Covid-19” and
keywords’ co-occurrences is visually depicted through links “Performance.”
connecting various nodes. Table 10 provides an overview of the Figure 9 illustrates a visualization map of the network of
top 20 keywords, showcasing their frequency. The most the latest keywords among five positioned at the center of
33
Figure 9 Network visualization to keyword co-occurrence work-from-home
Table 10 Prominent keywords frequency The red-colored cluster is concerned with the major theme of
the study since it portrays the “Workplace Transformation”
Rank Keyword Occurrences including seven items focusing on a strong network between
1 Work From Home 280 WFH, well-being and employee performance. This cluster refers to
2 COVID-19 267 the strategic and significant modifications that organizations
3 Well-Being 103 are undergoing, for instance, the adoption of working from
4 Human 80 home, growing emphasis on sustainable development and the
5 Performance 79 well-being of personnel. This thematic construct involves the
6 Surveys And Questionnaires 41 incorporation of performance assessment practices, including
7 Aged 11 data-centric methodologies, for instance, regression analysis,
8 Cross-Sectional Study 11 directed at ensuring the efficacious administration of employee
9 Employee 11 performance within the framework of this work setting.
10 Health Care 11 The green-colored cluster portrays “Digital Aging and Public
11 Social Isolation 11 Health Trends,” encapsulating the study of the technology-
12 Job Stress 10 driven trends arising in the context of health, particularly
13 Public Health 10 addressing the concerns of aged individuals.
14 Regression Analysis 10 The blue-colored cluster represents a unique nexus of
15 Life Satisfaction 9 “Dynamics of Remote work,” scrutinizing the intricate
16 Performance Assessment 9 interplay between factors like Job Stress, life satisfaction and
17 Technology 9 social isolation. The exploration of this theme identifies the
18 Work-Family Conflict 9 determinants that impact WFH.
19 Resilience 8 The yellow-colored clusters surfaced around the emerging
20 Satisfaction 8
theme, “Assessing Youth Resilience” describing how youngsters
Source: Author(s) own creation have the strength to cope with the issues of working remotely.
Young adults often exhibit a remarkable capacity for resilience, which
tends them to be adaptable, open to new technologies and quick
network visualization are the pivotal terms, namely, COVID-19 learners, which can facilitate their adjustment to remote work.
(267 occurrences), WFH (280 occurrences), well-being The purple-colored cluster includes keywords like technostress,
(103 occurrences), human (80 occurrences) and performance task performance and work–family conflict. The theme originated
(79 occurrences). The diameter of each bubble varies according from this cluster is named “Challenges to Work-from-Home,”
to the frequency of the appearance of these keywords, while the which explains how technology has created stress and conflicts
distinct colors assigned to each cluster depict the interconnected between the personal and professional lives of the employees,
network of keywords. Further, each cluster was analyzed. impacting the overall organizational performance.
34
Figure 10 reflects the evolution of the keywords of the research continuously, even post-COVID-19. Therefore, further research
over a while. At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 came out as a is recommended on these linkages.
pandemic situation across the globe that revolutionized the trend
of working from home among all organizations. “Work-from- 4.9 Cocitation of cited references
home” was linked to “technology” and “satisfaction” in the earlier After thorough scrutiny of research components and subject
stages, indicating researchers’ focus on examining of the areas, three themes can be constructed from the different
successful adoption of WFH among employees with the clusters (Table 11) (Qamar and Samad, 2022). Figure 12
emergence of technological advances around the world. However, reflects the network visualization of the cocited reference.
in 2021, various scholars shifted their focus to “Well-being,” Cluster 1 has four primary references that principally
“Performance” and “humans” who are dealing with this work introduce the fundamental theories and concepts used to build
setting, where researchers were drawn toward the issues WFH research. It demonstrates a comprehensive analysis of the
concerning this work setting like the performance assessment current issue. This cluster suggests that scholars from many
issues, feeling of loneliness and conflicts between work and family perspectives have attempted to explain whether working from
boundaries. Currently, new concepts in the same field have home affects autonomy, stress, performance, job satisfaction,
emerged with topics like health care, job-stress, technostress and future potential for teleworking and overall productivity.
resilience that require future explorations by the experts in the Publications throughout this cluster attempted to explain the
context of their interactions while working from home. significance of theory development in the context of
Figure 11 depicts a density visualization of keyword teleworking and the organization. The papers also discussed
occurrences in WFH literature from 2013 to 2022. This the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking.
visualization is used to predict the strength of relationships Articles in Cluster 2 reflect Work-life balance among Remote
between existing keywords (Van Eck and Waltman, 2014). Workers, mainly focused on qualitative research based on
VOSviewer software offers a powerful graphical user interface which literature reviews and surveys. Articles have also formulated a
generates density maps (Cobo et al., 2011). Moreover, the yellow crucial and base theory of WFH named the work–family theory
color represents the higher density of widely used keywords inside that creates a balance between the work and family domains of
the document (Van Eck and Waltman, 2014). It is seen that the the workers. The studies in this cluster have directly linked
terms “Work-from-Home,” “Well-being” and “Human” have work-from-home to creating value for organizations and
been identified as prominent connecting hotspots in recent years. extending telework to a larger group of employees. This cluster
“Task performance” and “Technology” are also emerging as also emphasizes the potential of a rise in the culture of working
integral topics of this research. Human resource management of from home in the field of social sciences while providing an idea
every organization is liable to keep a check on the performance of of how common method biases given by Podsakoff et al. (2012)
all the employees who might be affected by technostress, social had been an essential loop when any analysis is opted by the
isolation and other health issues while working from home researchers in the domain of WFH since it was cited an utmost
Figure 10 Trend topics in work-from-home
35
Figure 11 Density visualizations of keyword occurrence of WFH literature
number of times in the publications regarding work-from- working from home is a new idea with a unique set of issues.
home, employee well-being and performance when taken in While a majority of these problems are common among home-
altogether. based workers, individuals who are devoted to working from
The last group is Cluster 3, defining Issues and Concerns of home may easily locate a resolution. This bibliometric study
WFH, which focuses on the impact of telework on the was conducted with the intent of providing insights and a
effectiveness and quality of work and family life. The pros and concise summary into the construct of the repository as well as
cons of professionals working at home are described in depth prominent conceptual literature on the topic of working from
via interview-based qualitative research. Articles also compared home. To address the first research question (RQ1), analyzing
the prior mindset, stress levels and anxieties regarding telework the publications over time discovered that the study involved
with the help of a survey-based approach analyzing the benefits 497 Scopus-indexed publications published between a period
of working from home for both the employees and the of 10 years from 2013 to 2022; the scanty research work before
employers. 2013 was not studied. These publications were examined
According to Table 11, Clusters 2 and 3 have considerably using science mapping and network analysis via VOSviewer
fewer articles, indicating that the present study involving a software. This study shows the status of research, current
strong relationship between WFH, employees’ well-being and trends, cocountry, coauthors, productive publications, prolific
their performance continues to be in the early stages and organizations, cocitation, cokeyword networks and content
that both clusters offer room for further research. That whole analysis of WFH using bibliometric analysis of literature along
three-cluster layout may help experts find current and potential
with network mappings of all the data retrieved from the
research subjects.
database of Scopus. This research implies that this idea of
working from home is a promising area of study that has the
5. Conclusion potential to create a revolution in workers’ productivity, well-
In the past decade, the number of employees who work being and quality of work–life and personal life. By thoroughly
remotely has steadily increased. Considering the several assessing and summarizing WFH developments, the results are
benefits of WFH, such as improved performance, job anticipated to support the direction of future research work.
satisfaction, with better well-being of the employees, this is not Our findings reveal that publications in the field of WFH have
astonishing. Many organizations are capable of implementing dramatically increased during the past two years, with
teleworking solutions without much thought. However, developments coming from several nations. Despite this surge,
36
Table 11 Top papers (reference) of each cluster
Focus area/research
Article title Author questions Research methodology Key findings Citations
Cluster-1
The good, the bad, and the Gajendran and A comprehensive examination Comprehensive compilation of Telecommuting improves autonomy, work–family conflict, job 47
unknown about Harrison (2007) of telecommuting and to state major proximal (mediating) and satisfaction, performance, turnover intent and stress and does not
telecommuting: meta- a research objective for major distal repercussions of harm professional relationships or career opportunities. But impairs
analysis of psychological nuanced and programmatic teleworking and combines employee relationships
mediators and individual findings of distributed work earlier theory on the subject
consequences arrangements
A review of telework Bailey and Kurland Who participates in telework, Qualitative literature review on Telework boosts job satisfaction and productivity and additionally 24
research: findings, new (2002) why do they do and what telework research suggests three future study steps: consider group and organizational
directions, and lessons for happens when they do it? implications to comprehend whom telework impacts, rethink why
the study of modern work employees telework and prioritize theory building as well as linkages
Decade analysis of employees’ well-being
to organizational theories
How effective is Allen et al. (2015) Studying intricacies of A critical synthesis of the Comprehensive understanding of both the benefits and the 9
telecommuting? Assessing telecommuting research to telecommuting literature drawbacks of telecommuting can be used to more effectively shape
Ridhima Goel, Jagdeep Singla, Amit Mittal and Meenal Arora
the status of our scientific chalk out its pros and cons and inform organizational practices and public policy
findings
Telecommuting, Cooper and Kurland Compare the impact Grounded theory methodology Telecommuting is less likely to hinder the professional development 9
professional isolation, and (2002) telecommuting has on public of public sector employees than that of employees in the private
37
employee development in and private employees’ sector
public and private perceptions of professional
organizations isolation
Cluster-2
Work/family border theory: Clark (2000) Introducing a new theory about Work/family border theory Discusses the intricate relationships between border crossers’ work 9
a new theory of work/family balancing work and family and family life, identifying potential problem points and providing a
balance domains plan for achieving balance
The telework divide: Mahler (2012) Studying advantages and Survey-based qualitative The impact of extending telework available to larger groups of 9
managerial and personnel challenges of telework to research government employees and highlight to the further additional study
challenges of telework management and employees into the potential for a rising telework division
Sources of method bias in Podsakoff et al. Investigate the latest research Qualitative review research The statistical and procedural measures that were used to manage 9
social science research and (2012) of knowledge regarding method biases to offer suggestions for reducing method bias
recommendations on how to method biases
control it
Cluster-3
Teleworking: benefits and Baruch (2000) Highlights possible benefits Interview-based qualitative Examines teleworking impact on effectiveness, quality of working life 9
pitfalls as perceived by and pitfalls of teleworking research and family life
professionals and managers
From anxiety to assurance: Maruyama and Comparing pretelework Survey-based comparative Telework is likely to benefit both the employee and the employer 9
concerns and outcomes of Tietze (2012) anxieties, expectations and approach
Volume 53 · Number 1 · 2025 · 22–42
Information Discovery and Delivery
telework motivators

Figure 12 Cocited reference
the literature in this domain, when compared to those of different number of citations and publications, while Frontiers in
management disciplines, remains moderate, suggesting that the Psychology and the International Journal of Environmental
full potential of these insights is yet to be realized. The evident Research and Public Health are highly ranked based on
factual notion is that 58% of these papers in the database were Bibliographic Coupling. Among universities, the Department
released in 2022, the previous year, and, as a matter of fact, have of Humanities in Naples, Italy, emerged as the most prolific
not yet reached their full potential. institution in the domain of WFH with a maximum number of
To answer the second research question (RQ2), scientific publications, while the Department of Psychology, USA, was
mapping of the publication was performed where the majority of highly cited by the researchers.
publications in the field of remote work fall within the subject In the current research while addressing the third research
areas of Business Management, Social Sciences and Psychology. question (RQ3), keyword co-occurrence analysis unveiled
However, there is room for further exploration in the domains of several novel concepts in the realm of work-from-home, a trend
Decision Sciences, Arts and Humanities and so on. Furthermore, that has been rapidly growing in today’s world among all
our research paints a geographical picture, showcasing enterprises. Five overarching themes have been developed,
contributions from North America, Asia and beyond, and elucidating contemporary topics in the intricate interplay
highlights the prominent authors and journals that have shaped between WFH, well-being and performance of employees.
this discourse. Through coauthorship and bibliographic coupling These research themes include “Workplace Transformation,”
analyses, the study identified notable authors and journals in “Digital Aging and Public Health Trends,” “Dynamics of
the field. Notably, Beck, M.J. and Hensher, D.A. emerged as the Remote work,” “Assessing Youth Resilience” and “Challenges
most productive authors, both hailing from the same developed to Work-from-Home.” By providing an in-depth assessment
nation, Australia, with four publications each. However, Shockley and synthesis of remote work developments, the research aims
K.M. garnered the highest number of citations, 607 to be precise, to guide future research endeavors toward addressing the
representing the USA. The list of considering cocitation analysis evolving challenges faced by remote employees, such as feelings
with the maximum cocitation link strength is topped by Bakker of isolation and the impact of technology on their lives, with a
A.B. Bibliographic coupling analysis unveiled the most cited focus on effective management strategies.
publication, “How Effective is Telecommuting? Assessing the To address the fourth research question (RQ4), the analysis of
Status of Our Scientific Findings” published in 2015 by references has resulted in three prominent clusters, as delineated
the author Allen Tammy D. with 454 citations sourced from the in Table 10. Cluster 1 is indicative of the fundamental theories and
reputed journal, namely, “Psychological Sciences in the Public concepts of the WFH paradigm encompassing the studies that have
Interest.” Additionally, Felstead, A. and Allen, Tammy D. significantly contributed to the evolution and understanding of
exhibited the highest link strength in the bibliographic coupling of this concept (Gajendran and Harrison, 2007; Bailey and Kurland,
publications. 2002; Allen et al., 2015). Cluster 2 focuses on Work–life balance
The current research revealed that with a total of 310 among Remote Workers, emphasizing the equilibrium between
journals, the leading journal is the International Journal of work and family lives. The studies in this cluster have directly
Environmental Research and Public Health, with the maximum linked work-from-home to value creation for organizations and
38
the expansion of telework to a larger group of employees ensuring adequate training and development programs while
(Podsakoff et al., 2012; Clark, 2000; Mahler, 2012). Additionally, investing in technological infrastructure. By doing so, they can
studies from Cluster 3, Baruch (2000) and Maruyama and Tietze create a conducive environment for remote work while adhering to
(2012) explored the positive impact and challenges concerning labor regulations. Government and policymakers should consider
this work arrangement of work-from-home, further enriching our including guidelines for remote work in labor regulations to
understanding of this phenomenon. address the evolving landscape of work, which is focused on
environmental sustainability by reducing commute costs and
6. Implications of the study hours, reducing the spread of pollution and industrial waste, as
well as office space usage.
This study has revealed several key insights into the relationship
between remote work, employee well-being and performance
through a bibliometric analysis. Delving deeper into these
7. Future recommendations and limitations
implications, we identify both theoretical and practical Based on our results and identified research gaps, we propose
contributions. numerous topics for further study. First, the study proposes that
future research should concentrate on the unexplored topics
6.1 Theoretical implications revealed through keyword co-occurrence analysis and cocitation
Owing to the growing trend of remotely digitalized work of cited references, such as work–family conflict, technostress and job
settings, this research significantly sheds light on the evolving stress in dispersed teams, challenges and issues related to remote work
landscape of this field by uncovering a structured analysis of as well as knowledge exchange and collaboration in remote
research publications and the intellectual progression of themes workers. Future researchers might concentrate on further
on the intersection of WFH, employee performance and well- investigating clusters that are roughly analogous and may be
being for academicians. Moreover, this study recognizes interconnected to offer a multidisciplinary explanation of the
growing concerns that may arise in this area with the recently phenomenon they investigate. Particularly, future researchers
discovered trends of “technostress,” “Job stress,” “healthcare” could investigate the effectiveness of hybrid work models,
and “resilience” among individuals, which needs in-depth blending remote and in-person work, to optimize employee well-
study by future scholars. Notably, the identification of major being and performance, specifically after the COVID-19
avenues, such as “Workplace Transformation,” “Digital Aging situation. As the area of WFH continues to expand and managers
and Public Health Trends,” “Dynamics of Remote Work,” struggle to develop new types of employment strategies,
“Assessing Youth Resilience” and “Challenges to Work-from- conducting cross-cultural studies to understand how remote work
Home,” act as a roadmap for further exploration to future impacts employees in different cultural contexts might be
researchers to use our findings as a foundation to guide their fascinating to work on.
work, helping to shape the future of remote work practices and Further, a few limitations of this research have also been
contributing to the well-being and productivity of the highlighted. The primary drawback of this study is also its review
workforce. While addressing the research gaps, this study methodology. Although bibliometric analysis enables the
indicates that remote work is no longer a temporary solution examination of “meta-data” relevant to the publications that
but a fundamental shift in the way work is conducted. comprise a new research domain, it does not offer an insightful
understanding of the outcomes of the articles or the magnitude
6.2 Practical implications of the research (Qamar and Samad, 2022). Due to the
This research holds practical significance for various stakeholders, broader international acceptance of English as a medium of
including supervisors, managers and organizational workers communication, this study focused exclusively on English-language
who are navigating the realm of remote work. The themes of publications, potentially omitting valuable contributions from non-
“Workplace transformation” and “Dynamics of remote work” can English articles that could have enriched the research. The
assist supervisors and managers in improving their management of outcome of the research is highlighted in this discussion which can
remote teams by creating more effective communication strategies, be extended by future scholars working on to limitations of this
setting realistic performance expectations and fostering a sense of review. The current evaluation helps lay the foundation for
belongingness among remote employees, which can enhance team subsequent research that will examine the results of the studies of
performance. For instance, supervisors can implement regular WFH in excruciating detail.
check-ins, emphasizing the importance of trust and accountability
and provide guidance on work–life balance to ensure productivity
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A decade analysis of employees’ well-being and

performance while working from home: a

Received 28 March 2023

Figure 1 PRISMA ﬂowchart for article retrieval

Table 1 Reﬁned search query

3.2 Visualization tool growing emphasis on improving employee wellness and

Figure 2 Growth trajectory of the literature of WFH (2013–2022)

Figure 3 Number of publications by subject area

Source: Author(s) own creation

Table 3 Most productive countries and regions

Figure 4 Bibliographic coupling of countries

Figure 5 Network of coauthorship among the countries

Table 5 Most productive authors in work-from-home

Table 6 Topmost authors conforming to citation per publication

Figure 6 Cocitation analysis of the top 15 authors

Table 7 Most cited publication

Figure 7 Bibliographic coupling of documents

Table 8 Leading journals

Figure 8 Bibliographic coupling of journals

Table 9 Most proliﬁc universities

Figure 9 Network visualization to keyword co-occurrence work-from-home

Figure 10 Trend topics in work-from-home

Figure 11 Density visualizations of keyword occurrence of WFH literature

Source: Author(s) own creation

Figure 12 Cocited reference

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