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2-1-1 English L&L 2022 PYP (Term 2)

The document discusses various water treatment methods, including reverse osmosis, ultraviolet light, and chlorination. Reverse osmosis effectively removes contaminants but generates unusable water, while UV light neutralizes pathogens but has variable effectiveness. Chlorination remains the most reliable and affordable method for municipal water treatment, despite public skepticism about its use.

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19 views4 pages

2-1-1 English L&L 2022 PYP (Term 2)

The document discusses various water treatment methods, including reverse osmosis, ultraviolet light, and chlorination. Reverse osmosis effectively removes contaminants but generates unusable water, while UV light neutralizes pathogens but has variable effectiveness. Chlorination remains the most reliable and affordable method for municipal water treatment, despite public skepticism about its use.

Uploaded by

raistar9228
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3

been subjected to a variety of cleansing processes. A common filtering


procedure, known as reverse osmosis, involves the water being
pressed through microscopic membranes that prevent larger
contaminants from passing through. The microscopic size of these
holes is such that they can even obstruct germs, but they are most
effective against undesirable materials such as salt, nitrates and lime
scale. One disadvantage of reverse osmosis is that a lot of unusable
water is generated as a by-product of the procedure; this must be
thrown away.
4 For treating pathogens, an impressive newer option is ultraviolet
(UV) light. Powerful UV light has natural antibacterial qualities, so
this process simply requires water to be subjected to a sufficient
strength of UV light as it passes through a treatment chamber. The
light neutralises many harmful germs by removing their DNA,
thereby impeding their ability to replicate. A particularly impressive
quality of UV light is its ability to neutralise highly resistant viral
agents such as hepatitis.
5 The overall effects of UV light treatment are variable, however, which
leaves many municipal water treatment processes relying on
chlorination. Its powerful and comprehensive antimicrobial effect
notwithstanding, chlorination is also extremely inexpensive and
remains the only antimicrobial treatment capable of ensuring water
remains contaminant-free all the way through the pipes and to the
taps of domestic homes. Many members of the public remain
suspicious of water that has been treated with such a harsh chemical.
Its ease of use and affordability has meant that chlorine often plays
an important role in making tainted water supplies safe for
consumption immediately after natural disasters have occurred.

On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer any five


questions from the six given below : 5 1=5
(i) Under what conditions does a natural spring emerge ?
(ii) What is a confined aquifer ?
(iii) What forms a flowing artesian well ?
(iv)
(v) How are pathogens treated ?
(vi) Why is municipal water treated by chlorination ?
2/1/1 Page 4 of 7

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SECTION B
Writing and Grammar 10 marks

3. Attempt any one from (i) and (ii).

(i) You are Rita/Rahul and you came across the following information
on your local club notice-board.
Better Living
How to tackle stress, build concentration and remain fit and
healthy Yoga, a way of life Join free yoga camp for students.

You wish to enrol but require more information. Write a letter to


the Yoga Institute, M.G. Road, Pune, enquiring details of timing,
batch size, eligibility, etc. for joining the course. 5

(ii) Internet provides every information one seeks at the click of a


button. As a result children today are living in a comfort zone.
According to research, this will result in long-term consequences
which will affect their brain. Based on the following chart, write an
analytical paragraph in not more than 120 words on activities to
improve brain power : 5

Activities to stimulate Brain Power

2/1/1 Page 5 of 7 P.T.O.

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For the Visually Impaired Candidates only (in lieu of Q. No. 3(ii)) :
(ii) Read the following report and write an analytical paragraph based
on it in 100 120 words : 5

According to a study, playing all sorts of brain games at home for


fun boosts memory, thinking speed, and other cognitive skills. A
research suggests that using paper and pencil especially for older
people engages the brain and enhances memory in many more ways
than using a keyboard.

4. The following paragraph has not been edited. There is one error in each
line. Identify the error and write its correction against the correct blank
number. Remember to underline the correction. The first one has been
done for you. 3 1=3

Error Correction

While the worst for COVID-19 in India (e.g.) for of

seems to be over, one may remain (a) _________ _________


vigilant and response quickly to (b) _________ _________

any future spike of cases. (c) _________ _________

5. Read the conversation below and complete the passage that follows : 2 1=2

Rahul : It is difficult to fight against peer pressure. Youth easily gets


influenced by the lifestyle of its peers.

Radhika : Peer pressure has its benefits as well. Our peers also motivate
and inspire us to do better and work hard.

Rahul said that it was difficult to fight against peer pressure as


(a) ___________ . Radhika replied that peer pressure had its benefits as
well it (b) ___________ .

2/1/1 Page 6 of 7

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SECTION C
Literature 20 marks
6. Answer any six questions in 30 40 words each : 6 2=12

(i) How, according to Buddha, can one obtain peace of mind ? (The
Sermon at Benares)
(ii)

!
Amanda ?

(iii)
animals. Justify.
(iv) Write a brief character sketch of Lomov. (The Proposal)
(v) What are the essential qualities for becoming a scientist, according
to Ebri (The Making of a Scientist)

(vi) Describe the feelings of the young lawyer when he came to know
the reality of the hack driver.

(vii) What attracts visitors to Coorg ? (Glimpses of India)

7. Answer any two of the following in about 120 words each : 2 4=8

(i) Matilda realised that one little act of negligence can lead to total
ruin. What do you learn from this and how would you move on in
life ? (The Necklace)

(ii) Imagine you are Bholi and you have been invited to give a speech
on the importance of girl Girl
Education and Empowerment .
(iii) Valli was a mature girl and ahead of her age. Justify the statement
with evidence from the text. (Madam Rides the Bus)

2/1/1 Page 7 of 7 P.T.O.

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