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DSA_in_Java_Notes

Uploaded by

Swapnil Bramhadandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Structures and Algorithms in Java

Introduction to DSA

Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) are fundamental concepts in computer science that help in
organizing and processing data efficiently. Understanding DSA improves problem-solving skills and
coding efficiency.

Time & Space Complexity

Time complexity describes how the execution time of an algorithm increases with input size.
Common notations include O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n^2), etc.
Space complexity refers to the amount of memory an algorithm uses.

Arrays in Java

An array is a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type.


Example:
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Linked List in Java

A linked list consists of nodes, where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.
Types: Singly Linked List, Doubly Linked List, Circular Linked List.
Example:
class Node { int data; Node next; }

Stacks and Queues

A Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out). Operations: push(), pop(), peek().
A Queue follows FIFO (First In First Out). Types: Circular Queue, Priority Queue, Deque.

Trees and Graphs

Trees: Hierarchical structures. Types include Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, AVL Tree.
Graphs: A set of vertices connected by edges. Represented as Adjacency List or Matrix.
Data Structures and Algorithms in Java

Sorting Algorithms

Sorting is the process of arranging data in a particular order.


Common algorithms: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort.

Searching Algorithms

Searching is used to find an element in a data structure.


Common algorithms: Linear Search, Binary Search (requires sorted array).

Recursion & Backtracking

Recursion is a function calling itself to solve a problem.


Backtracking is an algorithmic technique used for constraint satisfaction problems like the N-Queens
problem.

Graph Algorithms

Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS) are fundamental traversal techniques.
Shortest path algorithms: Dijkstra's, Floyd Warshall.

Dynamic Programming (DP)

Dynamic Programming is an optimization technique used to solve problems efficiently by breaking


them down into smaller subproblems and storing results.

Top Interview Questions

1. Reverse a linked list.


2. Find the missing number in an array.
3. Detect a cycle in a linked list.
4. Implement a LRU Cache.
5. Find the shortest path in a graph.

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