1) Explain DevOps?

The DevOps is a combination of two words one is software Development,

and second is Operations. It allows a single team to handle the entire
application lifecycle, from development to testing,
deployment, and operations. DevOps helps you to reduce the
disconnection between software developers, quality assurance (QA)
engineers, and system administrators.

2) What are the principles of DevOps?

The principles behind DevOps are:

o Continuous deployment
o Infrastructure as code
o Automation
o Monitoring
o Security

3) How DevOps is helpful to developers?

DevOps is very helpful for developers to fix the bugs and quickly
implement the new features. It also helps in more transparent
communication between the team members.

4) Explain some popular tools of DevOps?

Here are some popular tools of DevOps, such as:

1. Jenkins: Jenkins is a DevOps tool for monitoring the execution of

repeated tasks. Jenkins is a software that allows continuous
integration. And it will be installed on a server where the central
build will take place.
2. Ansible: Ansible is a leading DevOps tool. Ansible is an open-source
IT engine that automates application deployment, cloud
provisioning, intra service orchestration, and other IT tools.
 3. Nagios: Nagios is one of the more useful tools for DevOps. It can
determine the errors and rectify them with the help of network,
infrastructure, server, and log monitoring systems.
4. Docker: Docker is a high-end DevOps tool that allows building, ship,
and run distributed applications on multiple systems.
5. Git: Git is an open-source distributed version control
system that is freely available for everyone. It is designed to handle
minor to major projects with speed and efficiency.

5) What are the prerequisites for the DevOps implementation?

Following are some useful prerequisites for DevOps implementation:

o Proper communication between the team members.

o At least one version control software.
o Automated testing.
o Automated deployment.

6) What are the core operation of DevOps with application

development and infrastructure?
The core operation of DevOps with application development and
infrastructure are:

Application development

o Code building
o Code coverage
o Unit testing
o Packaging
o Deployment

Infrastructure

o Provisioning
o Configuration
 o Orchestration
o Deployment

7) What are the key components of DevOps?

The most important key components of DevOps are:

o Continuous integration
o Continuous testing
o Continuous delivery
o Continuous mongering

8) What is Vagrant?
A Vagrant is a tool of DevOps that can create and manage virtualized
environments for testing and developing software.

9) What are the technical and business benefits of DevOps

work culture?
Following are the technical and business benefits of DevOps work culture:

Technical benefits

o Less complex problems to fix.

o Continuous software delivery.
o Faster bugs resolution.

Business benefits

o Most stable operating environments.

o More time available to add product value.
o Faster delivery of features for customer satisfaction.
10) What is Scrum?
Scrum is used to divide a sophisticated software and product development
task into smaller chunks using iterations and increasing practices. Scrum
consist of three roles, such as:

1. Product owner
2. Scrum master
3. Team

11) What is version control?

It is a system that records the changes to a file or set of files over time so
you can recall specific versions.

The version control system consists of a central shared repository where

teammates can commit the changes to a file or set of files. It allows:

o To revert the file to the previous state.

o To compare changes over time.
o To revert the entire project to a previous state.
o To see who modified something in the files.

12) Which scripting tools are used in DevOps?

Both Python and Ruby scripting tools are used in the DevOps.

13) What is the role of AWS in DevOps?

AWS is a cloud-based service provided by Amazon that ensures scalability
through unlimited computing power and storage. It empowers IT
enterprises to develop and deliver experienced products and deploy
applications on the cloud.

14) Why open source tools boost DevOps?

Open source tools mainly used by any organization which is adapted by
DevOps pipeline because DevOps came with the focus of automation in
various aspects of organization build, release, change management, and
infrastructure management areas.

15) What is the need for organization playbooks as the role?

Organization playbooks as the role give more reliability and reusability to
any plays while considering a task where MySQL installation should be
done after the removal of Oracle DB. You need another requirement to
install MySQL after java installation. In both cases, you need to install
MySQL, but without roles, it needs to write playbooks separately for both
use cases. Still, once using roles, the MySQL installation role is created
can be utilized any number of times by invoking using logic in site.yaml.

16) How many cloud platform which is used for DevOps

implementation?
Here are some cloud computing platform used for DevOps
implementation, such as:

o Google Cloud
o Amazon Web Services
o Microsoft Azure

17) Explain two-factor authentication?

The two-factor authentication is a security method in which the user
provides two ways of identification from separate categories.

18) What is the use of PTR in DNS?

PTR is a pointer record that is used for a reverse DNS lookup.

19) Name some network monitoring tools?

Some most essential network monitoring tools are:

o Nagios
o OpenNMS
o Splunk
o Icinga 2
o Wireshark

20) Name three important DevOps KPIs?

Three most important DevOps KPIs are:

o Deployment frequency
o Percentage of failed deployments
o Mean time to failure recovery

21) Explain pair programming regarding DevOps?

Pair programming is an engineering practice of Extreme Programming
Rules. In this case, two programmers work on the same system on the
same design or algorithm.

One programmer act as a Driver and other as an Observer who

continuously monitors the progress of a project to identify problems. The
roles can be reversed at any point of time without any prior intimation.

22) What is CBD?

Component-Based Development (CBD) is a unique way to approach
product development. In this method, developers always look for existing
well defined, tested, and verified components to compose and assemble
them to a product instead of developing from scratch.

23) Define DevOps Automation?

Automation is the crucial need for DevOps practices, and automate
everything is the fundamental principle of DevOps. Automation kick starts
from the code generation on the developer's machine, until the code is
pushed to the code, to monitor the application and system in the
production.

Automation in DevOps boosts speed, consistency, higher accuracy,

reliability, and increases the number of deliveries.

24) What is the DevOps pipeline?

A pipeline in software engineering team is a set of automated processes
which allows DevOps professionals and developer to reliably and
efficiently compile, build, and deploy their code to their production
compute platforms.

25) What is Azure DevOps?

Azure DevOps is also known as Microsoft visual studio team services
(VSTS). It is a set of collaborative development tools built for the cloud.
VSTS was commonly used as a standalone term, and Azure DevOps is a
platform which is made up of a few different products, such as:

o Azure Test Plans

o Azure Boards
o Azure Repos
o Azure Pipeline
o Azure Artifacts

26) Which makes AWS DevOps highly accessible?

Here are some reasons which make AWS DevOps a highly popular, such
as:

o AWS CloudFormation
o AWS EC2
o AWS CloudWatch
o AWS CodePipeline
27) What is the Build in DevOps?
The build is a method in which the source code is put together to check
whether it works as a single unit. In the build creation process, the source
code will undergo compilation, testing, inspection, and deployment.

28) Explain at what instance has used the SSH?

You can use SSH to log into a remote machine and work on the command
line. Also, you can use it to tunnel into the system to facilitate secure
encrypted communication between two hosts over an insecure network.

29) How infrastructure code is executed in AWS?

In AWS:

o The code for infrastructure will be in a simple JSON format.

o This JSON code will be organized into files called templates.
o These templates can be deployed on AWS DevOps and then
managed as stacks.
o Later the CloudFormation service will do the Creating, deleting,
updating, etc. operation in the stack.

30) Explain Git Bisect?

Git Bisect helps to find the commit which introduced a bug using binary
search.