Matlab Part

Matlab Part:
QUESTION NO.8
Calculate the molar volume and density of CO2 at 50 bar
and 450 K (176.85°C) using ideal gas law and the
Redlich-Kwong (RK) equation of state. Under these
conditions, the molar volume given in Perry’s Handbook
is 0.7065 m3 /kmol (p. 2-241, 8th ed.). Cubic form of the
Redlich-Kwong equation:
Code & Result:

% Given data
P = 50e5; % Pressure in Pa (50 bar)
T = 450; % Temperature in K
R = 8.314; % Gas constant in m^3·Pa/(mol·K)
% Critical properties of CO2

Pc = 73.8e5; % Critical pressure in Pa
Tc = 304.2; % Critical temperature in K
% Redlich-Kwong parameters
a = 0.42748 * (R^2 * Tc^2.5) / Pc;
b = 0.08664 * R * Tc / Pc;
% Solve using Ideal Gas Law

V_ideal = R * T / P; % Ideal gas molar volume in m^3/mol
rho_ideal = 1 / V_ideal; % Ideal gas density in mol/m^3
% Solve using Redlich-Kwong EOS (Cubic form: v^3 - A*v^2 + B*v - C = 0)

alpha = sqrt(Tc / T); % Temperature-dependent factor
% Coefficients of the cubic equation

A = R * T / P;
B = (a * alpha / P - b * R * T / P - b^2);
C = -a * alpha * b / P;
% Density from RK equation
rho_RK = 1 / V_RK; % Density in mol/m^
% Display results
disp('Results:');
disp(['Ideal Gas Molar Volume (m^3/mol): ', num2str(V_ideal)]);
disp(['Ideal Gas Density (mol/m^3): ', num2str(rho_ideal)]);
disp(['RK Molar Volume (m^3/mol): ', num2str(V_RK)]);
disp(['RK Density (mol/m^3): ', num2str(rho_RK)]);
QUESTION NO.9
Solve the following ODE:
y(0) = 0.1, use step size of 0.1
Code & Result:

clc
% Define the ODE: dy/dt = 30y - 40y^2
% Initial condition: y(0) = 0.1
h = 0.1; % Step size

t_end = 1; % Final time (you can change this value)
t = 0:h:t_end; % Time vector
y = zeros(1, length(t)); % Initialize y array
y(1) = 0.1; % Initial condition
% Euler's method to solve the ODE

for i = 1:length(t)-1
y(i+1) = y(i) + h * (30*y(i) - 40*y(i)^2); % Euler method update
end
% Display the results

disp('Time values:');
disp(t);
disp('Numerical solutions (y):');
disp(y);
Write script file using for loop to:
a) Compare (calculate the percent error at each point) the results with
exact solution which is as follows:
b) Repeat the solution with step size of 0.05 and again compare your
results with exact solution by calculating percent error at each point.
c) Repeat the solution with step size of 0.025 and compare your results
with exact solution.
d) Solve the same problem using ode45 built in command.
Code:
clc
% Define the exact solution
exact_solution = @(t) (3*exp(30*t)/26 + 4*exp(30*t));
% Time interval and initial condition

t_start = 0;
t_end = 1;
y0 = exact_solution(t_start); % Initial condition y(0)
% Step sizes for parts a, b, c

step_sizes = [0.1, 0.05, 0.025];
% Loop over each step size for parts a, b, c

for k = 1:length(step_sizes)
h = step_sizes(k);
t = t_start:h:t_end; % Time points
y_exact = exact_solution(t); % Exact solution
% Numerical solution using Euler's method

y_num = zeros(size(t));
y_num(1) = y0; % Initial condition
for i = 2:length(t)
y_num(i) = y_num(i-1) + h * (30 * y_num(i-1)); % dy/dt = 30*y
end
% Calculate percent error

percent_error = abs((y_exact - y_num) ./ y_exact) * 100;
% Display results in a table

fprintf('Results for step size h = %.3f:\n', h);
results = table(t', y_exact', y_num', percent_error', ...
'VariableNames', {'Time', 'Exact', 'Numerical', 'PercentError'});
disp(results);
end
% Part d: Using ode45

fprintf('Results using ode45:\n');
odefun = @(t, y) 30 * y; % Define the ODE dy/dt = 30*y
[t_ode45, y_ode45] = ode45(odefun, [t_start t_end], y0); % Solve with ode45
y_exact_ode45 = exact_solution(t_ode45); % Exact solution at ode45 time
points
% Calculate percent error for ode45

percent_error_ode45 = abs((y_exact_ode45 - y_ode45) ./ y_exact_ode45) *
100;
% Display results in a table

ode45_results = table(t_ode45, y_exact_ode45, y_ode45, percent_error_ode45,
...
'VariableNames', {'Time', 'Exact', 'Numerical', 'PercentError'});
disp(ode45_results);
Results:
QUESTION NO.10
y=x4+3x2+2x+5 write a program to find its roots.
Code & Result:
% Define the coefficients of the polynomial y = x^4 + 3x^2 + 2x + 5
coefficients = [1 0 3 2 5];
% Find the roots of the polynomial

roots_of_polynomial = roots(coefficients);
% Display the roots

disp('The roots of the polynomial y = x^4 + 3x^2 + 2x + 5 are:');
disp(roots_of_polynomial);
QUESTION NO.11
Write a program to calculate x
Code & Result:

% Coefficients of the quadratic equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2;
b = -10;
c = 12;
% Calculate the first root using the quadratic formula

x = (-b + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)) / (2*a);
% Display the root

fprintf('The value is: x = %.2f\n', x);
QUESTION NO.12
. The x-y data of a system is given below. Plot the data and
properly label it withinx = 0 to x = 1.4. find area under curve
within this range as well.
Code & Result:
clc
% Given data
x = [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6];
y = [5, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.7, 5.8];
% Plot the data

figure;
plot(x, y, '-o', 'LineWidth', 2, 'MarkerSize', 6);
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
title('Plot of x-y data');
grid on;
% Calculate the area under the curve within x = 0 to x = 1.4 using

numerical integration
% We will use the trapz function to estimate the area under the curve
area = trapz(x(x <= 1.4), y(x <= 1.4)); % Restricting x to 0 to 1.4
fprintf('The area under the curve between x = 0 and x = 1.4 is: %.4f\n',
area);
Graph:
QUESTION NO.13
A trigonometric identity is given by following relation:
Verify that the identity is correct by calculating the left and right
hand side of equations atx=pi.
Code & Result:

clc
% Given value of x
x = pi / 5;
% Left-hand side (LHS) = cos^2(x/2)

LHS = cos(x / 2)^2;
% Right-hand side (RHS) = (tan(x) + sin(x)) / (2 * tan(x))

RHS = (tan(x) + sin(x)) / (2 * tan(x));
% Display the results

fprintf('LHS = %.6f\n', LHS);
fprintf('RHS = %.6f\n', RHS);
% Check if LHS is approximately equal to RHS

if abs(LHS - RHS) < 1e-6
disp('The identity is verified: LHS = RHS');
else
disp('The identity is not verified: LHS != RHS');
end
QUESTION NO.14
Create following matrices in Matlab
a) Calculate A+B and B+A
b) Calculate A+(B+C) and (A+B)+C
c) Show that multiplication with scalar quantity is distributive (e.g.

3(A+B)=3A+3B)
Code:
% Given matrices
A = [5 2 4; 1 7 -3; 6 -10 0];
B = [11 5 -3; 0 -12 4; 2 6 1];
C = [7 14 1; 10 3 -2; 8 -5 9];
% a. Calculate A+B and B+A

sumAB = A + B;
sumBA = B + A;
% Display the results for a

fprintf('A + B:\n');
disp(sumAB);
fprintf('B + A:\n');
disp(sumBA);
% b. Calculate A + (B + C) and (A + B) + C
sumBplusC = B + C;
sumAplusBplusC = A + sumBplusC;
sumAplusB = A + B;
sumAplusBplusC2 = sumAplusB + C;
% Display the results for b

fprintf('A + (B + C):\n');
disp(sumAplusBplusC);
fprintf('(A + B) + C:\n');
disp(sumAplusBplusC2);
% c. Show that multiplication with scalar is distributive: 3*(A + B) = 3A +

3B
scalar = 3;
left_side = scalar * (A + B);
right_side = scalar * A + scalar * B;
% Display the results for c

fprintf('3 * (A + B):\n');
disp(left_side);
fprintf('3A + 3B:\n');
disp(right_side);
% Check if they are equal

if isequal(left_side, right_side)
disp('Multiplication with scalar is distributive: 3*(A + B) = 3A +
3B');
else
disp('Multiplication with scalar is not distributive.');
end
Result:

Matlab Part

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Matlab Part:

Code & Result:

% Critical properties of CO2

% Solve using Ideal Gas Law

% Solve using Redlich-Kwong EOS (Cubic form: v^3 - A*v^2 + B*v - C = 0)

% Coefficients of the cubic equation

Code & Result:

h = 0.1; % Step size

% Euler's method to solve the ODE

% Display the results

Write script file using for loop to:

% Time interval and initial condition

% Step sizes for parts a, b, c

% Loop over each step size for parts a, b, c

% Numerical solution using Euler's method

% Calculate percent error

% Display results in a table

% Part d: Using ode45

% Calculate percent error for ode45

% Display results in a table

% Find the roots of the polynomial

% Display the roots

Code & Result:

% Calculate the first root using the quadratic formula

% Display the root

% Plot the data

% Calculate the area under the curve within x = 0 to x = 1.4 using

Code & Result:

% Left-hand side (LHS) = cos^2(x/2)

% Right-hand side (RHS) = (tan(x) + sin(x)) / (2 * tan(x))

% Display the results

% Check if LHS is approximately equal to RHS

a) Calculate A+B and B+A

b) Calculate A+(B+C) and (A+B)+C

c) Show that multiplication with scalar quantity is distributive (e.g.

% a. Calculate A+B and B+A

% Display the results for a

% Display the results for b

% c. Show that multiplication with scalar is distributive: 3*(A + B) = 3A +

% Display the results for c

% Check if they are equal

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% Solve using Redlich-Kwong EOS (Cubic form: v^3 - Av^2 + Bv - C = 0)