1 -

"

. (a) det ( A -

λI)
=
(3 -
× | =
λ -

6× + 8 =
(λ -
2 ) (λ -

4)

det ( A -
λ I) =
0 λ = 2 , 4

if ,λ = 2
if λ =
4

(A -

2 I) t =
0 (A -

4I) t =
0

( : : ) (q) [: : ][q] .
=
=
.

a = -
b a =
b

eigenvecor =
[
.! ) → [ eigenvecwr
=

(!] [ ]

lee vi =

) = [ I
Vi 2
V = o

orthonormal basis :

|( | / ]] ,

A =λ ITT Tλ aVIU
| |

=
z
[ ][ 1
(b) det ( A -
λ I)
= × )- 4 =
(× -
3) +)

det ( A -
λ I) = 0 λ =
3 -
1

if λ =
3 if λ =

(A -
3 I) t = 0 (A + I )π =
0

: ][ 9] = .
[ : :][q) =
.

-
a tb = o
axb = o

[!) eigenvecoor = : 1
[

eigenvecor
=

[ ) [
)

=
eevi [
π= 1 ]
orthonormal basis :
/ ( ) [ JI ,

A = λ VT T + aVVT

= )
(
×
「
」
 )

|β !=
( c
+
det ( A -
λI) = - *
" 9 x = - 18 λ =
λ(x -
3) × -
6)

det ( A -

λ I) =
0 λ =
0 .
3 .
6 .

if λ = o if λ = 3

A8 ;
=
0 L - 3I ) I
=
ω

.( )
2

( 2 .
( ( ) = .

Saxb tn ]
=
o 2 a - = 0

a + aC =
0
{ 2 a to =
0
=

if λ = 6

( 1A -
61 ) V 5 =
o

[ |( ! = .

T:
a -
2 b = o

Earc =
o
;
v =

Vi .I =
;
i = U v
2 ; =
0

,
i .
iI is are
orthogonal

wuwrormd na" ! ! |×
,

A =
λ, IVT + XUV +λ 3 ;
U
T
V3

p
| 2 -
2

] ] ]
"
"

⑨ ×
」
」
 2 . '
7 , 26 ttt
b
) = n t
,
then t n
=

V = OTU

=
(E -
u) +π ) + V

=
ttul + cuti )

t u + ( utn )
)
= -

=
+ ii )
( EuD + w

=
δ+ω

= ω

if tttt - tTN =ω
*

( d)
by definition of reccor
space
HEEV NEV

.t vt i = δ

additive inveres exists for vectwrv

every
assume itand inare both additive inverses of i

Vtu =
o and vt = o

t t + = vtn

it iw
by ( k)
=

additive inverse is
unique .

each vector toV has

exacely one additive inverse
*

(
f) a( o+ o) = ao + ao ch ) ( -
a) u taV = (C -
a) + a ) v = ot = δ

δ+ δ = δ ( a) v - = -

cav )

a δ= a δ tao a- δ) + ar =
a ( -
i +δ ) =
a δ = δ

) )
^

8 =
aO ac -
v = -

cav
*

l-a ) t
= ac - v

=- cav
」
」」」
、」
、」
」
」
3
focs )
.

( a) ci )tet
to be a zero function such that = 0
,
sts

fo csi ) + f . ( s2) + …
.
+ f .
( sn ) =
0

fo ε V

) let f .

gEl
fcsi ) +f( ) s
+ …
+
f ( su ) = 0

gisi ) gisu ) g ( sn )
+ + + =
0
…

defination of funccion space

by
fus ) + gus ) =
( f g ) (s)
+
.
tSES

f (s f(s + fusm +
g ( sz )
s.)
)
(
+
glsn )
+ ) … )
g + + = 0
.
…

fI ( si ) +
glsip ]
+
[f ( s 2 ) +
g(s . )
) + …
+
[ f ( sn ) gisn ) ]
+
=
0

+ )( s) +
g ( f + ) ( 32g ) + … + ( f g ) ( su )
+ =
0

f ,
got f
+ gr

ciii ) let f EV and CER

fusi ) + fus ) + …
+
f ( sn ) =
0

for cf

cfus ) t of (s2 ) … +
ofusn ) = cIfisi ) fisu ) + + …
+
fusms]
=
CO

CfEV

V is a
subspaceof Fos )
( b) ci ) let fo (s) =
0

f .
(5, ) .

f .
(s .
) =
0 0 = 0

fo E ω

cii ) lee f tw
.

g
f s .) f( ) g
(s ) (s = )
g
( .
s. =
0 .
.
= 0
,

ftg ) ( s , ) (f + )
g (s 2)

=
ft ( s , + gesip ] [ f) ( sa ) + gu
=
fusiyfusu ) +
fcsiDgesa )
+ gus , )fus )
+
gusi ) g ( s = )

=
of
fespgusu) +
gusi ) fisu ) + o

f +g 4 ω

w is noe a
subspace of F ( s)
t