The document outlines the causes of World War I, highlighting rising tensions in Europe due to nationalism, imperial expansion, militarism, and a complex alliance system. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 triggered a series of declarations of war, leading to the conflict between the Allies and Central Powers. The war featured trench warfare and new military technologies, resulting in significant casualties and a prolonged stalemate.
The document outlines the causes of World War I, highlighting rising tensions in Europe due to nationalism, imperial expansion, militarism, and a complex alliance system. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 triggered a series of declarations of war, leading to the conflict between the Allies and Central Powers. The war featured trench warfare and new military technologies, resulting in significant casualties and a prolonged stalemate.
The document outlines the causes of World War I, highlighting rising tensions in Europe due to nationalism, imperial expansion, militarism, and a complex alliance system. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 triggered a series of declarations of war, leading to the conflict between the Allies and Central Powers. The war featured trench warfare and new military technologies, resulting in significant casualties and a prolonged stalemate.
The document outlines the causes of World War I, highlighting rising tensions in Europe due to nationalism, imperial expansion, militarism, and a complex alliance system. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 triggered a series of declarations of war, leading to the conflict between the Allies and Central Powers. The war featured trench warfare and new military technologies, resulting in significant casualties and a prolonged stalemate.
23.1 I. Troubles in Europe A. Tensions in Europe grew as European nations pursued dreams of empires, built up their armies, and formed alliances.
B. Nationalism ___________, or a feeling of intense loyalty to one’s country or group, was a cause of much of the tension.
1. It encouraged new nations to unify and establish
their place in the world.
2. It also encouraged certain ethnic groups to break
away and form independent nations on their own. I. Troubles in Europe C. ________ expansion added to the tension. Nations looked to expand their Imperial empires, settling colonies that brought raw materials, new markets, and prestige.
1. Great Britain and France already had large overseas empires in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world.
2. Germany, Italy, and Russia looked to increase their colonies. Few areas were left to colonize, however, so conflict often occurred. I. Troubles in Europe D. Militarism __________, or building up a nation’s army and navy, also caused tension. As one nation built up its military powers, rival nations felt threatened and also built up their military powers.
1. Germany, France, and Russia had huge
armies in the early 1900s. i
2. A bitter rivalry that threatened peace in
Europe grew between Germany and Great Britain. Britain had the world’s largest and strongest navy and Germany challenged it. I. Troubles in Europe alliance E. The ________ system also contributed to the tension in Europe. Two defense alliances, or agreements among nations to defend each other during a war, aimed to keep peace by creating a balance of power among the European nations. However, this system actually created a great danger because an attack on one nation could trigger a war with many nations.
1. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy created the Triple Alliance.
2. Great Britain, France, and Russia created the Triple Entente.
II. Crisis in the Balkans A. Attempts to unify the Slavic people in the Balkans by Slavic nationalists created nationalist and ethnic _________. rivalries Serbia, a nation bordering Austria-Hungary, supported the Slavs and opposed the Austro-Hungarian Empire. II. Crisis in the Balkans B. In June 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, destroyed the balance of _____ in Europe. Within weeks, World War I began. power 1. Gavrilo Princip and other Serbian nationalists plotted the assasination to secure freedom from Austria-Hungary and unify the Slavic peoples.
2. The rulers of Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the killing and
moved to crush the Serbian nationalist movement. The Asssasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand II. Crisis in the Balkans alliance C. As opposing nations declared war on one another, the ________ system caused the war to spread.
1. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in July 1914, when Serbia
refused to honor the conditions of an ultimatum.
2. Russia prepared for war because it had agreed to protect Serbia.
3. Germany, as Austria-Hungary’s ally, declared war on Russia in
August. II. Crisis in the Balkans 4. Germany then declared war on ______, Russia’s ally. France 5. When Germany invaded neutral Belgium in August, Great Britain declared war on Germany to honor its pledge to protect Belgium. III. A World War Begins A. The two sides in the war were the Allies and the Central Powers.
Allies 1. The ______ were Great Britain, France, Russia, and later Japan and Italy.
2. TheCentral _______ Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire. III. A World War Begins B. Germany wanted to sweep across Belgium, France, and then move east into ______. Britain and France were able to mobilize their troops while Russia the Belgians held out against the Germans.
Although the Germans defeated the Belgians, the British and French stopped them at the Battle of the Marne, fought in September 1914.
They saved Paris, boosted French morale, and showed that neither side would have a quick or easy victory. III. A World War Begins C. The fighting for the next three years was mostly ______ warfare. trench Frontline trenches protected soldiers, and support trenches behind the lines were headquarters, first-aid stations, and storage areas. III. A World War Begins D. Then the Germans and the French launched offensives in 1916.
1. The Battle ofVerdun
______, a German offensive in northern France from February to December, was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war. More than 750,000 French and German soldiers were killed.
2. The Battle of theSomme
_____ was a British and French offensive in northern France in July. It, t0o, saw many casualties. III. A World War Begins E. New weapons such as improved cannons, better rifles, ______ ___, and poisongas the armored tank caused a high rate of casualties. The airplane enabled both sides to watch from the skies for troop movement and then bomb enemy targets.
F. Both sides began fighting on the seas because land armies were __________. Great Britain blockaded all ports under German control, deadlocked causing shortages of food and supplies. Germany used U-boats, or submarines, to prevent supplies from reaching Great Britain. U-boat attacks eventually changed the course of the war. First World War Tech: Chlorine Gas & Gas Masks German WWI U-Boat Your Assignment 23.1 MAIN Causes of World War I (located on Google Classroom)
