LN: 11 – LIGHT, SHADOW AND

REFLECTION

CONCEPT MAP:

CONCEPT INTRODUCTION AND FACTS:

Visible Light:

• It is a form of energy which is responsible for the sense of sight.

• It enables us to see things around us.

Sources of light:

 All objects that emit light are said to be the sources of light.
 The luminous objects are also called the sources of light.
 There can be two sources of light.
 They are natural and artificial
 Natural sources of light: The sources of light that occur in nature are
called the natural sources of light. (E.g.) Sun, Stars
 Artificial sources of light: the sources of light that are made by human
beings are called the artificial sources of light. (E.g.) Electric bulb,
candles

Propagation of light:
  Light travels in a straight line. The property of light to travel in a
straight line is called the rectilinear propagation of light.
 Light ray: The light travelling in a one direction in a straight line is
called light ray
 Light beam: A group of light rays travelling either parallel to each other
or going outwards is called a light beam.

Transparent:

• The object that allows light to pass through them.

It is said to be transparent.

Example - Glass and water.

Translucent:

• The object that allows light to partially pass through them.

Such objects are known as translucent objects.

Example- tracing paper.

Opaque:

• The object that does not allow light to pass through them. It is an opaque
object. Example -wood, plastic box etc.

Shadow:

• A shadow is a space where light from a light source is blocked by an

opaque object.

 Shadow is formed only in the presence of source of light, an opaque

object and a screen
 Shadow always forms on the opposite side of the object
 Irrespective of the colour of the object, shadow is always black
 The size of the shadow depends on the distance between the source of
light and the object, and the distance between the screen and the
object.

Mirror and Reflection:

• Reflection of light is bouncing back of light rays in the same medium.

• Mirror is an object which reflects light.

  Regular reflection: A smooth surface will reflect all the light rays
evenly. The surface appears even. Such a reflection is called regular
reflection.
 Irregular reflection: a rough surface will reflect the light rays
unevenly in all directions which makes the surface look uneven. Such a
reflection is called irregular reflection.

Images: an image is formed when light rays from an object are reflected off
a surface. Images are different from shadows.

Pinhole camera: A pinhole camera is a simple camera with a tiny hole on

one side of a light proof box. The light from an object passes through the
hole and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box.

ACTIVITY (CREATIVE SKILL):

Model of periscope:

Students will make a simple periscope by placing two mirrors in a ‘z’ shaped
box.

BOOK BACK EXERCISE:

A. Choose the correct option.

1. The bouncing back of light is called reflection.
2. Which of these surfaces will reflect the maximum light? Light
coloured and smooth.
3. Which of these forms a shadow? Blocking of light by opaque
objects.
4. Which of these is correct about the image formed in a pinhole camera?
Image formed is inverted and of the same size of the object.
5. Moon is a non- luminous object.
B. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box.
1. Light always travels in a straight line.
2. Bouncing back of light from a surface is called reflection.
3. The image formed in a pin hole camera is inverted.
4. The smooth surface will show regular reflection.
5. The image formed by a mirror has the same colour.
C. Give reason for each of the following.
1. The smooth surface appears even.
Smooth surface reflects all the light evenly, therefore it appears
even.
2. Transparent object does not form shadows.
Transparent object doesn't form a shadow because the light
completely passes through a transparent object
3. Shadow does not form in the dark.
In a dark, no source of light is there, so no shadow is formed.
4. All surfaces do not reflect light in the same manner.
Due to surface roughness the light does not reflect in the same
manner.

5.Image formed in a pinhole camera is inverted.

Light travels in a straight line. Thus, light from the top of the object
after passing through the pinhole reaches the bottom of the camera
screen and light from the bottom of the object passing through the
pinhole reaches the top of the screen. This causes the inversion of
the image.

D. Name the following.

1. Two natural sources of light. Sun, stars.
2. Two artificial sources of light. Candles, tube light.
3. Two transparent objects. Glass, water.
4. Two natural phenomena that exist due to shadow formation.
The lunar eclipse and The solar eclipse.
5. A device in which light passes through a tiny hole and
projects an inverted image on the opposite side. Pinhole
camera.
E. Answer the following questions in one word or a sentence.

1. Define luminous objects.

Luminous objects are those emit light on their own. They won't take the help
of other objects to emit the light. Example: sun, stars, burning candle etc.

2.What happens to the size of the shadow if the source of light

moves towards it?

The size of a shadow varies depending on the distance between the object
and the source of light, and the distance between the object and the screen.
So, when the object is moved closer to the source, the shadow formed will be
bigger.

3. When is regular reflection possible?

When a beam of parallel light rays strikes a surface and the reflected rays
are also parallel to each other, then it is called as regular reflection. Regular
reflection occurs on a smooth surface

4.What type of image is formed in a pinhole camera?

The image formed by the pinhole camera on the screen is real and inverted.
The image is generally smaller than the size of the object.

5.Give one use of a pinhole camera.

The image formed by a pinhole camera may be projected onto a translucent

screen for a real-time viewing or safe observation of the solar eclipse. A
common use of pinhole photography is to capture the movement of the sun
over a long period of time

F. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. What are the necessary condition for the formation of a shadow?

 A shadow is formed when the light is blocked by an opaque or

translucent object.
 Opaque objects, such as a tree, completely block light and form a dark
shadow.
 Translucent materials, such as tissue paper, allow partial light through,
which scatters and creates a faint shadow.
 Transparent objects, such as glass, do not create a shadow because
the light passes through them fully.
 A screen also needed to capture the shadow.
  The size of the shadow depends on the distance between the source of
light and the object, and the distance between the screen and the
object.

2. What is the reflection of light? How can it be used to distinguish

between smooth and rough surfaces?

 Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the surface is smooth

and shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at
the same angle as it hit the surface.
 This is called specular reflection. Also known as regular reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when light hits an object and reflects in lots of
different directions. This happens when the surface is rough. This is
also known as irregular reflection.

3. Draw and define a light ray and a light beam.

The direction of the movement of light is represented by a line with an arrow

head. This straight line along with the arrow head is called a light ray.

A group of light rays travelling either parallel to each other or going outwards
is called a light beam.

4.What is an image? How is it formed?

An image is a visual representation of an object. An image is an exact copy

of the object. An image is formed when light rays from an object are
reflected off a surface.

5.What is the effect of size of the hole on the quality of the image
formed in a pinhole camera?

A small hole allows a smaller number of light rays to enter the pinhole
camera that results in the formation of sharper and dull image of the object.
A bigger hole allows more light rays to enter the pinhole camera, thereby
forming a bright image. However, the image formed by a bigger hole is
blurred due to the overlapping of the image.

G. Answer the following questions in detail.

1. Describe an activity to show the rectilinear propagation of light.

Aim: To show that light travels in a straight line.

Materials required: Straw, candles and a candle stand

Procedure:

1.Light the candle and place it on a candle stand.

2.Look at the candle flame through the straw keeping it straight.

3. Bend the straw and look again at the candle flame through it.

Observation: Candle can be seen when the straw is straight while it cannot
be seen through the bent straw.

Conclusion: This proves that light travels in a straight light.

2. What are transparent, translucent, and opaque objects? Explain

with the help of examples.

The objects that allow all the light to pass through them are called
transparent objects. For example, glass, air and water.

The objects that allow some light to pass through them are called translucent
objects. For Example, butter paper, frosted glass and shaded glass.

The objects that do not allow any light to pass through them are called
opaque objects. For example, stone, tree and cardboard.

3.What are the characteristics of shadows?

1. Shadow is formed only in the presence of a source of light, an opaque

object and a screen.

2. Shadow always forms on the opposite side of the object.

3.Irrespective of the colour of the object, Shadow is always black.

4. The size of the shadow depends on the distance between the source of
light and the object, and the distance between the screen and the object.

4.What is a pinhole camera? Discuss the characteristics of the image

formed in a pinhole camera.
  A pinhole camera is a simple camera with a tiny hole on one side of a
light proof box. It works on the principle of the rectilinear propagation
of light.
 The image in a pinhole camera is inverted (upside down) as compared
to the object.
 The image in a pinhole camera is real (because it can be formed on a
screen).
 The image in a pinhole camera is of the same colour as the object.
 The image in a pinhole camera can be smaller than the object, equal to
the object or bigger than the object (depending on the distance of
object from the pinhole camera).

5.Differentiate between an image and a shadow.

H. Out of the box:

1. At blind turns, a mirror is placed. Can you think of the reasons for
placing a mirror? Is there any special care taken about the position
of the mirror while installing it?

The best place for a blind spot viewing mirror is on the outermost corner of
the side mirrors. Some prefer the top left corner, while the bottom left corner
is ideal for some. The placement of the mirror must be right so that a driver
can clearly see the blind spot.
I. Picture talk

Predict what will be the shape of the shadow if the horizontal cone
is placed in front of the source of light, as shown in the given
picture. On the other side of the cone , draw the predicted shadow
on the screen.

Circular

Because the largest part gets recognized on the screen.

HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS): (Reasoning Questions)

1.Observe the picture given in Fig. A sheet of some material is

placed at position ‘P’, Still the patch of light is obtained on the
screen. What is the type of material of this sheet?
• The material is transparent glass because only then it can pass the light
through it Undisturbed and the image will be formed at the same place.

2.On a sunny day, does a bird or an Aeroplane flying high in the sky
cast its shadow on the ground? Under what circumstances can we
see their shadow on the ground?

Ans:

• No, they do not cast any shadow on the ground because they are so high.

• They can cast shadow only if they are at some lower height.

• (i.e.) if they are near to the ground, we can see their shadow.

3.Look at the given figure. Will there be any difference in the

shadow formed on the screen A and B?

Ans:

• No, there will not be any difference because the length and breadth of an
object are

Same in both the cases.

4.Three identical towels of red, blue and green colours are hanging
on a clothes line in the sun. What would be the colour of shadows of
these towels?

Ans:

• Shadow does not show the change in colour

• Shadow will always show the absence of light at that place.

• So, the shadow colour will remain same in all the cases.

• Thus, the shadow of all the towels is black in colour.

5.Using a pinhole camera a student observes the image of two of his
friends, standing in Sunlight, wearing yellow and red shirt
respectively. What will be the colours of the Shirts in the image?

Ans:

• Colours of the shirts will remain same.

• We see them on the screen because pinhole camera forms the images of
the object

Having same colour but upside down.

• So, yellow shirt will form yellow image and red shirt will form red image.

6. You have 3 opaque strips with very small holes of different

shapes as shown in Fig. If you obtain an image of the sun on
a wall through these holes, will the image formed by these
holes be the same or different?

Ans:
 The image of the sun will remain same, still if we use different types of
holes because the holes will act as pinhole camera and light moves in a
straight path.
7. Three torches A, B and C shown in Fig are switched on one
by one. The light from which of the torches will not form a
shadow of the ball on the screen.
Ans:
 The light from the torch C will not form a shadow
on the screen because light travels in a straight
path and will form the shadow on the same path
from which it is coming.
8. Identify this picture. How to find out the original time?
Ans:
 This picture shows a reflection of mirror image of clock.
 The original time is 07:22.

DIAGRAM BASED QUESTIONS:

1. What happens when light falls on an object?

Ans:

• Refraction or Transmission (Light goes through the object)

• Reflection (Light bounces back after hitting the object)

• Absorption (Light is taken by the object completely)

• Scattering (Light is deflected from a straight path)

2. Describe in detail about shadow and its types.

Ans:

Shadow:

• A shadow is the ‘region of absence of light’. Light from a source is cut off
by an

Obstacle (an opaque object) and shadow is formed.

• Opaque object cast a dark shadow. Translucent objects produce a weak

shadow.

 Transparent objects do not cast a shadow at all.

Types of shadow:

• UMBRA, ( Latin for “shadow”) the region of deep, total shadow is called the
UMBRA

The kind of shadow depends upon the size of the source of light.

• PENUMBRA: (from the Latin paene “almost, nearly”) the region of partial
shadow is

Called the PENUMBRA.

• ANTUMBRA: (from Latin ante, “before”) an observer in this region sees a

bright ring

Is visible around the eclipsing body.

• Due to larger (extended) light source: Two shadows are formed-a dark one
in the

Centre and a light one on the outside.

• Dark shadow is called umbra and the faint or lighter shadow is called
penumbra.

• The size of umbra decreases and penumbra increases as the screen is

moved away from

the object.

Colour of shadow:

• Whatever be the colour of the opaque object, the shadow formed is always
of the same
Colour, that is, black.

Length of the shadow:

• The length of the shadow differs depends upon the angle at which light
falls on a body.

3. Explain briefly about Eclipse.

• A shadow formed in space that makes the sun or the moon invisible for
some time.

• Eclipse is the over shading of a bright object.

Solar eclipse:

• The moon comes between the sun and the earth. so that, the earth (in the
shadow) darkens during the day.

• The solar eclipse occurs only on a ‘NEW MOON DAY’.

Lunar eclipse:

• The moon and the sun are in a straight line.

• Such that the earth is in the between the sun and the moon,

The shadow of the earth falls on moon and the moon cannot be seen.

• The lunar eclipse occurs on a ‘FULL MOON ‘NIGHT.

DEMONSTRATIVE BASED QUESTIONS (LAB ACTIVITY): 1

Aim:

• To show that light always travels in a straight line.

Materials Required:

• Piece of pipe or long rubber tube

• Candle

• Match stick

• Table.

Procedure:

• Take a piece of pipe or a long rubber tube.

• Light a candle and fix it on the table.

Observation:
• Observe the candle from the straight pipe, we will Observe the lighting
candle.

• Now try with the bend pipe, we will observe the Lighting candle is not
visible.

Results:

• We can conclude that light travels in a straight line.

LAB ACTIVITY – 2

Aim:

• To show that light travels in a straight line and can be reflected if there is a
mirror in

The path of light.

Materials Required:

• Comb

• Thermocol

• Mirror

• Paper

• Torch light

Procedure:

• Fix a comb on one side of a large Thermocol.

• Also fix a mirror on the other side of Thermocol.

• Now, put a dark-coloured paper between comb and mirror.

• Send a beam of light from torch or any luminous substances through the
comb.

Observation:

• We will see a pattern on the dark colour sheet of paper.

Results:

• This proves that light travels in a straight line and is reflected by the mirror.

ONLINE WORKSHEET:

1. Which of the following is not a source of light?

a) Star b) burning candle c) lantern d) none of these
2. Which of the following is a man-made source of light?
a) Sun b) meteor c) tube-light d) star
3. Non-luminous objects are objects which:
a) Produce their own light. B) do not produce its own
light
b) C) Can be seen only when light falls on them. D) both [b]
and [c]
4. A transparent object which is mostly used in windows of houses.
a) Polythene b) wood c) glass d) ground glass.
5. Speed of light in vacuum is:
a) 3×10 8km/h b) 3×10 8m/s c) 3×10 8m/h d)
3×10 m/s
8

6. Which of the following characteristics are observed in an image formed by

a pinhole Camera?
a) Virtual image b) real image c) erect image d) image of
different colour
7. Which of the following is a translucent object?
a) Cardboard b) tracing paper c) clear glass d) air
8. Light travels in a:
a) Circular path b) rectilinear path c) rotational path d)
triangular path
9. Which of the following is not a necessary condition for the formation of a
shadow?
a) An opaque object b) a screen c) a transparent object d) a source
of light
10. Images of actors on screen in cinema halls are;
 a) Virtual image b) real images c) imaginary images d) all the
above
11. We can see any object if:
a) It is a luminous object. B) it reflects the light falling on it.
b) It is placed in a dark room. D) both [a] and [b]
12. Opaque objects:
a) Allow light to pass through them.
b) Allow light to pass through them partially.
c) Allow light not to pass through them.
d) Both [b] and [c]
13. Which of the following is a false?
a) Pinhole camera produces an erect image.
b) Pinhole Camera produces a shadow
c) Pinhole Camera produces an image.
d) Pinhole Camera produces an inverted image
14. What is true about shadows and images?
a) Shadows are always black in colour.
b) Shadows are formed because light travels in straight line.
c) Images shows the colour of the objects
d) All the above
15. Which of the following is true about images?
a) Images shows the colour of the object
b) Image shows the exact detail of the object
c) Images are formed because light travels in straight line
d) All the above
16. Which of the following act as pinhole in the Natural Pinhole Camera?
a) Leaves acts as pinhole b) Gaps between the leaves

C)Water droplets d) None of these

17.Which of the following is true about Natural Pinhole Camera?

a) The circular patches of lights formed on the ground are examples of
Images
b) The circular patches are pinhole images of the sun
c) we see circular images of the Sun irrespective of the irregular
shapes of the gaps between the leaves
d) All the above
18.What is required to create the pinhole camera?
a) Cardboard b) tracing paper c) lens d) mirrors
19.Pinhole camera produces an?
a) An erect and small image b) an erect and enlarged image
 b) An Inverted and small image d) An inverted and enlarged image
20.A very narrow beam of light is called:
a) Ray b) Beam c) Candela d) All the above
21. Which of the following images are real?
a) Image formed on the screen of cinema hall.
b) Image formed by a pinhole camera.
c) Image formed by a concave mirror when object is placed at
infinity.
d) All the above
22. Narrow beam of light before reflection in known as:
a) Reflected ray b) Incident ray c) Normal ray d)
Reflection
23. We place an object X in between a reflecting surface and a screen Q, on
which an Image of X is formed. If a clear image of object X is
formed on the screen Q, then Which of the following properties is
true for object X?
a) Transparent b) Translucent c) Opaque d) All the above
24. In which of the following medium speed of light is maximum? 3x10 8m/s²
a) In air20,000km b) In vacuum299,792km c) In Glass200,000km
d) In water225,000km
25. Which one of the following types of energy is required to see any non-
luminous Object?
a) Light energy b) Heat energy c) Sound energy d) Wind energy
26. Which of the following will produce the darkest shadow if the object is
placed in Front of a source of light?
a) Glass window b) Butter paper c) Net cloth d) Wooden block
27. Rahul and Ravi are standing on the opposite sides of a closed door, both
of them Are able to see each other clearly. Which type of
substance is used to make this door?
a) Transparent b) Translucent c) Opaque d) All the above
28. ______________eclipse occurs when moon comes between sun and earth.
a) Lunar b) Solar c) Partial lunar d) Earth
29. A glass sheet is given to you. By which of the following methods, it can
be
Converted into an opaque object without breaking?
a) Combining another same glass sheet with the given glass
sheet.
b) Covering glass sheet with thin polyethene bag.
c) Applying black paint on both sides of it.
d) All the above
30. Which of the following is a characteristic of virtual image?
a) It can be obtained on a screen. B) It is always inverted.
b) It is always formed in front of the mirror. D) It is always erect.

LIGHT TOPIC SHEET: 1

Fill ups:

1) Butter paper is __________object.

2) Light travels along ___________path.
3) Wooden piece is a ___________object.
4) Stars and sun are __________source of light.
5) Moon reflects ________light that falls on it.
6) If we cannot see through an object at all, it is an __________object.
7) _________objects allow light to pass through them partially.
8) __________objects allow light to pass through them completely.
9) A sheet of polythene is ___________object. (luminous / non luminous)
10) What type of object is sheet of cellophane? (transparent /
translucent/opaque)
11) Moon is _________body. (Luminous/non luminous)
12) Clean water is __________. (transparent / translucent/opaque)

Answer the following:

1) Distinguish between transparent and translucent bodies.

2) Give two examples of extended source of light.
3) Define translucent bodies. Give two examples.
4) What is rectilinear propagation of light?
5) What do you understand by a transparent medium?
6) What is meant by an opaque medium?
7) What is the difference between luminous and non-luminous bodies?
8) Is it possible to see a reflection of oneself in the mirror held up in
his/her front in a Completely dark room?

TOPIC SHEET: 2

SHADOW

Answer the following:

1) The shadows can be seen only on a screen. (TRUE / FALSE)

2) Images are different from shadows. (TRUE / FALSE)
3) Shadows are not cast by every type of object. (TRUE / FALSE)
 4) By shadows, we may know about ___________ of object. (shape / size)
5) In what manner, size of our shadow changes, when we walk in
sunlight?
6) Give two important differences between an image and a shadow.
7) Are images same as shadows?
8) Can we form coloured shadow of an object? Can we form (i) an image
(ii) a shadow Without a screen?
9) Which of these a completely transparent object or translucent object
will form a shadow?
10) Is it possible to form two or more shadows of on object at the
same time?

TOPIC SHEET: 3

MIRROR &REFLECTION

Answer the following:

1) Mirror changes direction of light that falls on it. (TRUE / FALSE)

2) We can see our face in mirror because mirror ___________our face.
3) Pinhole camera produces ________image.
4) What are mirrors? Give three important examples.
5) What do you mean by regular reflection?
6) Give the principle, construction and working of a pinhole camera.
7) What do you understand by reflection of light? Explain the
phenomenon with the help of an experiment.

VISTO WORSHEET: 1

1. Which of the following statements is true?

a) A plane mirror sometimes forms an inverted image
b) A concave mirror always forms a virtual, erect and diminished
image
c) A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished
image
d) All of these
2. Which of the following is a natural source of light?
a) Electric lamp b) electric filament c) torch light d) sunlight
3. Light shows
a) Curvilinear propagation b) rectilinear propagation
b) Random propagation d) none of these
4. Rectilinear propagation is
a) Mode of travelling in curved lines
 b) Mode of travelling in straight lines
c) Ability to bend around obstacles
d) Displaying the phenomenon of diffraction.
5. Which of the following is used as the rear-view mirror of vehicles?
a) Plane mirror
b) Convex mirror
c) Concave mirror
d) Any of these
6. Which of the following is true regarding convex lens?
a) It forms a magnified image wherever the object is placed.
b) It forms a magnified image only when the object is very close
c) It always forms diminished and erect images
d) It is not made of a transparent material
7. The image formed by a plane mirror is
a) At the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of
it.
b) Laterally inverted
c) Of the same size as that of the object
d) All of these
8. The phenomenon of light passing through the object is called
a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Dispersion
d) Total internal reflection
9. Plane mirrors are arranged parallel to each other to get
a) A single image
b) Two images
c) A large number of reflected images
d) No image
10. ______ are used in telescope to reflect light
a) Concave mirrors b) convex mirrors
b) Plane mirrors d) convex lenses
11. ______ are used as reflectors in the torch lights.
a) Concave mirrors b) plan mirrors
b) Convex mirrors
c) None of these
12. In the head lights of motor vehicles, _______ mirrors are used as
reflectors.
a) Plane mirrors b) concave lenses c) convex mirrors
 D)Concave mirrors

13. A _____ mirror is used in the vehicles to see the traffic coming
from behind.
a) Plane
b) Concave
c) Convex
d) None of these
14. A convex mirror always produces
a) An erect, virtual image of diminished size b) an erect, real image
of diminished size
b) An erect, real image of enlarged size
c) A virtual, erect image of enlarged size
d) Our laterally inverted image on inner side of the spoon.

15.Which one shows lateral inversion?

a) Plane mirror
b) Concave mirror
c) Convex mirror
d) None of these

16.A concave lens forms

a) Erect, virtual and magnified image

b) Erect, virtual and smaller image
c) Erect, real and smaller image
d) Inverted, virtual and smaller image

17. The image which can be obtained on screen is called

a) Real
b) Virtual
c) Inverted
d) erect

18. White light is composed of

a. Seven colours
b. b) five colours
c. Three colours
d. Only one colour

19. A plane mirror forms a virtual image. The distance between Mahima and
her image in a
Plane mirror is 10m. How much distance should she move in order to get the
distance of 5m Between herself and her image?

a) 2.5m away from the mirror

b) 2.5m towards the mirror
c) 5m away from the mirror
d) 5m towards the mirror

20. The automobiles require a heavy reflector. The headlight of the car is
made up of which One of the following reflectors?

a) concave reflector b) convex reflector c) plane reflector D) none of these

ONLINE RESOURCES:

ONLINE VIDEOS:

https://youtu.be/uQunphLhK5U?si=mrU98_NDXGF6J6Qy

ONLINE PPT:

https://www.slideshare.net/barzahsohail/lights-and-shadows-42518071

CAMBRIDGE ACTIVITY:

MODEL OF SLIDING PIN HOLE CAMERA:

How to prepare it:

• Take two boxes so that one can slide into another with no gap in between
them. Cut

Open one side of each box.

• On the opposite face of the larger box, make a small hole in the middle.

• In the smaller box, cut out from the middle a square with a side of about 5
to 6 cm.

• Cover this open square in the box with tracing paper (translucent screen).

• Slide the smaller box inside the larger one with the hole, in such a way that
the side With the tracing paper is inside.

• Now it is ready to use.

How to use it:

• Hold the pinhole camera look through the open face of the smaller box. You
should Use a piece of black cloth to cover your head and the pinhole camera.

• Now focus on the object you want to capture in the camera.

• Make sure that the objects you wish to look at through your pinhole camera
are in Bright sun shine.

• Move the smaller box forward or backward till you get a picture on the
tracing paper Pasted at the other end.

DRT/ HOME WORK QUESTIONS:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. An object or material could be opaque, transparent, translucent or

………………..
2. This is a …………… on which the shadow is formed.
3. A ……………. is a dark outline of an opaque object that blocks light
coming from a source.
4. Image formed by a pinhole camera is ………………...
5. Image formed by a plane mirror is …………….
 6. In a plane mirror, our left hand looks like right hand. This phenomenon
is called ………………………
7. ……………… objects cast no shadow.
8. (viii) Opaque objects cast …………………. Shadows in morning and
evening while ………………… shadows at noon.
9. Light travels in a …………...
10. Shadow is ……………

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Answer the following questions:

1. Define luminous body.

Answer:

The objects which emit light of their own are called luminous bodies, e.g., the
sun, the stars, etc.

2. What are luminous and non-luminous objects?

Answer:

Luminous objects: Objects that give out or emit light of their own, e.g., sun,
torch, light, bulbs, etc.

Non-luminous objects: Objects that do not give out light of their own, e.g.,
the moon, chair, shoe, pen, etc.

3. Define opaque objects with example.

Answer:
Those materials which do not allow light to pass through them, are called
opaque objects. Examples wood, stone, etc.

4. What is an obstacle?

Answer:

An object which comes to the path of light is called an obstacle

5. Give examples of two substances through which light does not pass?

Answer:

Wood and bricks are the substances through which light does not pass.

6. Define screen.

Answer:

Screen is a surface on which images are formed.

7. What is umbra and penumbra?

Answer:

Umbra is the dark region behind object facing light which does not receive
light at all.

Penumbra is the less dark part of shadow. It is the outer part of shadow.

8. Define pinhole camera.

Answer:

It is a device which forms a photograph like image of a bright object on a

screen.

9. Can you think of a situation where we can see the path of the light?

Answer:

In a dark room, we can see with torch light which goes straight. Similarly,
dust particles become visible when light enters the room through fine hole.

All these examples indicate that light travels in straight line.

10. What is reflection?

Answer:
When a ray of light falls on a smooth and shiny surface, the whole of light is
sent back in the same medium. It is called reflection. Mirrors do not allow
even a small amount of light to pass through them. Mirrors show regular and
complete reflection.

11. Define ‘Mirror’.

Answer:

A smooth shining surface, which rebounds the light back in same or in

different direction is called a mirror.

12. Why is silvered glass used as a mirror?

Answer:

The silvered glass has a smooth surface and the smoothness helps in
forming clear image. Silvering makes it shiny and the shiny surface helps in
reducing the absorption.

13. What happens when light falls on a mirror?

Answer:

Mirror is silvered on one side, so it does not allow the light to pass through it.
It reflects almost whole of the light falling on it.

14. Why is the moon not considered as a luminous body?

Answer:

Moon is a non-luminous body because it shines by reflecting the sunlight

falling

On it.

Class: VI Marks: 40
Duration: 1.30Hrs UNIT TEST Subject:
Physics
TOPIC: LIGHT, SHADOW AND REFLECTION

General Instructions:

i) The question paper comprises 3 sections A, B and C. You are to attempt all
the sections.
ii) All the questions are compulsory.

iii) Question number 1 to 10 in Section-A are 1 mark. They are to be

answered in one word/one sentence.

iv) Question number 11 to 15 in Section-B are 3 mark. They are to be

answered in 50 words each.

vi) Question number 16 to 18 in Section-C are 5 mark. They are based on

practical skills and are to be briefly answered in 100 words each.

SECTION – A (10X1=10)

1. _______ occurs when moon comes between sun and earth.

2. Images are different from shadows. (True/False)

3. Stars and sun are __________source of light.

4. Give two examples of extended source of light.

5. Mention the type of object for the following pictures:

a. b.

6. Pinhole camera produces ________image.

7. In which of the following medium, the speed of light is maximum?

a. In air b. In vacuum c. In glass d. In water

8. If we cannot see through an object at all, it is an __________object.

9. Mirror changes direction of light that falls on it. (TRUE / FALSE)

10. We can see our face in mirror because mirror ___________our face.

SECTION – B (5x3 = 15)

11. a. What are mirrors? Give three important examples

b. Differentiate luminous and nonluminous objects.

12. Observe the picture given in the below figure. A sheet of some material is
placed at position ‘P’, still the patch of light is obtained on the screen. What is
the type of material of this sheet?

13. Three identical towels of red, blue and green colours are hanging on a
clothes line in the sun. What would be the colour of shadows of these towels?
14. a. Explain Transparent, Translucent and Opaque objects.

b. Look at the given figure. Will there be any difference in the shadow
formed on the screen A and B?

15. Can you think of creating a shape that

would give a circular shadow if held
in one way and a rectangular shadow if held in another way?

SECTION – C (3X5=15)

16. (i) A text is sometimes deliberately displayed in its mirror image. Can you
cite one such example? Why is this done?

(ii) What do you mean by rectilinear propagation of light?

 17. In the given image, Christiano Ronaldo is seen kicking a football in a
night match when the lights are on. Do you think a shadow will be obtained
when?

a. He kicks the ball high in the air

b. He kicks the ball along the ground.

Give reasons for your answers.

18. i) Give the principle, construction and working of a pinhole camera.

ii) How does the letter “F” appear in a pinhole camera?