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Class 15_23092020

The document discusses the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement in Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) and introduces Adaptive DPCM, which adjusts the quantization step based on prediction error. It also covers Delta Modulation as a special case of DPCM, highlighting its use in scenarios with high correlation between samples. Additionally, it addresses modulation errors such as slope overload and granular noise, providing conditions to avoid these issues.

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3 views8 pages

Class 15_23092020

The document discusses the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement in Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) and introduces Adaptive DPCM, which adjusts the quantization step based on prediction error. It also covers Delta Modulation as a special case of DPCM, highlighting its use in scenarios with high correlation between samples. Additionally, it addresses modulation errors such as slope overload and granular noise, providing conditions to avoid these issues.

Uploaded by

cladboy023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DPCM

DPCM transmitter

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 1


SNR improvement in DPCM

• Let 𝑚𝑝 and 𝑑𝑝 be the peak amplitudes of 𝑚(𝑡) and 𝑑(𝑡) respectively.

𝑑𝑝
• For same value of L, the step size in DPCM reduces by the factor .
𝑚𝑝

2
𝑑𝑝
• The quantisation noise reduces by the factor
𝑚𝑝
𝑃𝑚
• SNR improves by the factor ~ where 𝑃𝑚 and 𝑃𝑑 are the powers
𝑃𝑑
of 𝑚(𝑡) and 𝑑(𝑡) respectively.

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 2


Adaptive DPCM

The quantisation step ∆𝑣 is made adaptive so that ∆𝑣 is large or small


depending on whether the prediction error for quantising is large or small.

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 3


DELTA MODULATION (DM)
A special case of DPCM.

If the correlation between successive samples is very high (either due to the
slow changing input signal, or oversampling), we can use a 1-bit DPCM.

The figure shows Delta modulation


is a special case of DPCM.
It uses a first-order predictor.

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 4


Another implementation of Delta
Modulator and Demodulator

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 5


A typical example

Error

Error

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 6


Modulation Errors
Slope Overload: If the input signal is rising or falling with a slope larger
than δ/Ts, where Ts is the sampling time.

Granular Noise: If the input is level, the output is oscillatory (increases/


decreases by a step)

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 7


Condition to avoid slope overload

𝑚(𝑡) < δ𝑓𝑠

Consider a sinusoidal signal 𝑚 𝑡 = 𝐴 cos 𝜔𝑡,

δ𝑓𝑠
To avoid slope overload, 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤
𝜔

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 8

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