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LEOA 3

The document discusses crime and disorder analysis through operations analysis, tactical and strategic crime analysis, and crime mapping. It highlights the importance of mapping in identifying crime patterns, planning policing initiatives, and enhancing community safety. Additionally, it provides a historical background on crime mapping, tracing its origins to the 1800s with early researchers examining the relationship between crime and sociological factors.

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elleelizabethsoledad
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11 views5 pages

LEOA 3

The document discusses crime and disorder analysis through operations analysis, tactical and strategic crime analysis, and crime mapping. It highlights the importance of mapping in identifying crime patterns, planning policing initiatives, and enhancing community safety. Additionally, it provides a historical background on crime mapping, tracing its origins to the 1800s with early researchers examining the relationship between crime and sociological factors.

Uploaded by

elleelizabethsoledad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Crime and disorder in the jurisdiction.

Operations analysis is often defined as


the analysis of police

Operations, including workload distribution by area and shift (IACA, 2014).

Projection. The method used to transfer locations on earth surface to a flat


map.

Scale. It is used to translate distance on the map to distance on the ground.

Tactical Crime Analysis. The study of recent criminal incidents and potential
criminal activity by

Examining characteristics such as how, when, and where the activity has
occurred to assist in problem

Solving by developing patterns and trends, identifying investigative


leads/suspects, and clearing cases.

Strategic Crime Analysis. The study of crime and law enforcement


information integrated with sociodemographic and spatial factors to
determine long term “patterns” of activity, to assist in problem

Solving, as well as to research and evaluate responses and procedures.

Map elements: The usual bits and pieces

Generally, maps have the following elements that help provide consistency
And comprehensibility for readers.

■ A title (or caption) to describe the map.

■ A legend .to interpret the content of the map, such as the symbols and
colors.

■ A scale. To translate distance on the map to distance on the ground.

■ Orientation. To show compass direction.

How Crime Mapping works?

Crime mapping overlays recent incidents onto street-level information,


narrowing the location of Crime

Mapping allows police jurisdictions to:

Analyze statistics and patterns

Plan for future policing initiatives

Identify gaps in law enforcement coverage

Enhance the use of intelligence in “hot spot” areas

Communicate more effectively with other stakeholders in community safety


issues
Follow up to assess the efficacy of tactics used.

Predictive Policing Through Crime Mapping

The use of predictive policing is a much more cost-effective approach to


policing than past

Policies. This is because predictive policing not only looks at where a crime is
likely to occur but also

When the crime is likely to occur. These patterns can help police identify
what time of day it is necessary

To flood an area with officers, rather than flooding the area twenty-four hours
a day.

LESSON 2: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CRIME MAPPING

BEGINNINGS OF CRIME MAPPING

In the 1800s, European researchers who adhered to the school of thought


known as the

Cartographic school of criminology examined the levels of crime within


different areas (regions) and

The relationship of these levels to sociological factors, such as


socioeconomic status. For example, in
1829, Adriano Balbi, an ethnographer and geographer, and André-Michel
Guerry, a lawyer, created

The first maps of crime using criminal statistics for the years 1825 to 1827
and demographic data from

The census.

They examined crimes against property, crimes against persons, and levels
of education in

France and found that areas with high levels of crimes against property had a
low incidence of crimes

Against people and that higher numbers of educated people lived in areas
with more property crime

(Weisburd & McEwen, 1997). Also during this period, the Belgian astronomer
and statistician Quételet

Used maps to examine correlations between crime and transportation routes,


education levels, and

Ethnic and cultural variations (Weisburd & eMcEwen, 1997).

There were many attempts to analyze and fight crime prior to the
development of GIS
Technology (Geographical Information Systems) that created what we know
today as crime mapping.

As long as the 1800s, law enforcement official s realized that focusing their
efforts on areas where crime

Happened in the past showed some impact on crime rates, including tracking
educational levels and

Unsupervised juveniles. Different trends in policing were created to address


incidents of crime, and

These methods were adopted by communities of various sizes across the


country. Among the trends

Were:

Community policing, which emphasized police doing regular patrols and


getting to know their

Beat, including developing informants in order to preclude criminal activity.

Psychological profiling of criminals to understand intent

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