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Lecture-37-Intro-NoSql

The document introduces NoSQL databases, highlighting their role in managing data types that do not fit into traditional SQL relational models, such as documents and multimedia. It discusses the motivations for using NoSQL, barriers to adoption, and various types of NoSQL databases including document, key-value, graph, and multi-model databases, with examples for each. The focus will be on MongoDB, a document-based database, and its implementation and programming through Python.

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20 views2 pages

Lecture-37-Intro-NoSql

The document introduces NoSQL databases, highlighting their role in managing data types that do not fit into traditional SQL relational models, such as documents and multimedia. It discusses the motivations for using NoSQL, barriers to adoption, and various types of NoSQL databases including document, key-value, graph, and multi-model databases, with examples for each. The focus will be on MongoDB, a document-based database, and its implementation and programming through Python.

Uploaded by

pkwithkk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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4/18/2018

History
• So far the databases we discussed are all SQL based (Structured
Introduction to NoSQL Query Languages).
• SQLs work on relational databases, each of which consists of a
Database Systems collection of tables (relations).
Professor Xiannong Meng
• However, there are huge collection of information, especially on the
web that do not fit into this model, e.g., documents, free texts,
Bucknell University images, videos, and others.
Spring 2018 • This is where NoSQL database comes to play a important role.
Information adopted from Wikipedia • The term was originated in the 60s, gaining wide popularity in the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoSQL early 21st century as the needs of web 2.0 companies rise.

What is a NoSQL database? Why NoSQL databases?


• A NoSQL (originally referring to “non SQL” or “non • Motivations
relational”) database provides a mechanism for storage and • Simplicity of design
retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the • Simpler horizontal scaling to clusters of machines (distributed
tabular relations used in relational databases (SQL systems)
databases). • Finer control over availability
• Structural flexibility tailoring to different problems

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoSQL

Barriers for NoSQL databases Types and Examples of NoSQL Databases


• Barriers for greater adoption of NoSQL databases • There are a variety approaches to classify NoSQL databases. What
• Compromising consistency in favor of availability, partition tolerance, and follows is a basic classification by data model.
speed; • Column : A column of a distributed data store is a NoSQL object of the lowest
• Use of low-level query languages instead of SQL; level in a keyspace. It is a tuple consisting of three elements
• Lack of standard interfaces; • Unique name
• Huge previous investments in existing relational databases. • Value https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_(data_store)
• Timestemp

• Examples include Accumulo, Cassandra, Druid, HBase, Vertica.

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4/18/2018

Types and Examples Types and Examples


• Document database : A document-oriented database, or document • Key-value database : A data storage paradigm designed for storing,
store, is a computer program designed for storing, retrieving and retrieving, and managing associative arrays, a data structure more
managing document-oriented information. commonly known today as a dictionary or hash.
• Document-oriented databases are one of the main categories of NoSQL • Examples include Aerospike, Apache Ignite, ArangoDB, Couchbase, Dynamo,
databases, and the popularity of the term "document-oriented database" has FairCom c-treeACE, FoundationDB, InfinityDB, MemcacheDB, MUMPS, Oracle
grown with the use of the term NoSQL itself. XML databases are a subclass of NoSQL Database, OrientDB, Redis, Riak, Berkeley DB, SDBM/Flat File dbm,
document-oriented databases that are optimized to work with XML ZooKeeper.
documents. Graph databases are similar, but add another layer, the
relationship, which allows them to link documents for rapid traversal.
• Examples include Apache CouchDB, ArangoDB, BaseX, Clusterpoint,
Couchbase, Cosmos DB, IBM Domino, MarkLogic, MongoDB, OrientDB, Qizx,
RethinkDB

Types and Examples Types and Examples


• Graph database : A database that uses graph structures for semantic • Multi-model database : A database model that supports multiple
queries with nodes, edges and properties to represent and store data. data models against a single, integrated backend.
• Examples include AllegroGraph, ArangoDB, InfiniteGraph, Apache Giraph, • Examples include Apache Ignite, ArangoDB, Couchbase, FoundationDB,
MarkLogic, Neo4J, OrientDB, Virtuoso. InfinityDB, MarkLogic, OrientDB.

MongoDB
• We will concentrate on one such example, MongoDB, a document-
based database.
• We’ll discuss the basic ideas of MongoDB
• We’ll implement a MongoDB to support some basic information
needs
• We’ll also learn how to program MongoDB through Python

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