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MongoDB successful in their Python careers. That’s why we are
SAS Tutorials publishing an interesting and helpful series of Python
SAP HANA Tutorials Interview Questions and Answers. In this series, you
AI Tutorials will get 150+ Python Interview Questions and
Answers in 3 different parts, that covers

Python Interview Questions and Answers for

Beginners
Python Interview Questions and Answers for
Intermediates
Python Interview Questions and Answers for
Experienced

Starting with our first part that is Python Interview

Questions and Answers for freshers. I have divided
this blog into different categories.

Common Python Interview Questions and

Answers
Frequently asked Python Interview Questions
and Answers
Basic Python Programming Interview Questions
and Answers
Top Python Interview Questions and Answers
Technical Python Interview Questions and
Answers
Python OOPS Interview Questions and Answers
Open-ended Python Interview Questions for
Beginners

Common Python Interview

Questions and Answers
The reason I am sharing these interview questions is
that you can revise all your basic concepts. As you
are a beginner, the interviewer will surely check your
understanding of Python Fundamentals. Let’s start
exploring the basic Python Interview Questions and
Answers –

Q.1. What are the key features of Python?

If it makes for an introductory language to

programming, Python must mean something. These
are its qualities:

Interpreted
Dynamically-typed
Object-oriented
Concise and simple
Free
Has a large community

Q.2. Differentiate between lists and tuples.

The major difference is that a list is mutable, but a

tuple is immutable. Examples:

>>> mylist=[1,3,3]
>>> mylist[1]=2
>>> mytuple=(1,3,3)
>>> mytuple[1]=2

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “<pyshell#97>”, line 1, in <module>

mytuple[1]=2

TypeError: ‘tuple’ object does not support item

assignment

Python Tuples vs Lists – A Detailed Comparison

Q.3. Explain the ternary operator in Python.

Unlike C++, we don’t have ?: in Python, but we have

this:

[on true] if [expression] else [on false]

If the expression is True, the statement under [on

true] is executed. Else, that under [on false] is
executed.

Below is how you would use it:

>>> a,b=2,3
>>> min=a if a<b else b
>>> min
2

>>> print("Hi") if a<b else

print("Bye")

Hi

Q.4. What are negative indices?

Let’s take a list for this.

>>> mylist=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

A negative index, unlike a positive one, begins

searching from the right.

>>> mylist[-3]

This also helps with slicing from the back:

>>> mylist[-6:-1]

[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Q.5. Is Python case-sensitive?

A language is case-sensitive if it distinguishes

between identifiers like myname and Myname. In
other words, it cares about case- lowercase or
uppercase. Let’s try this with Python.

>>> myname='Ayushi'
>>> Myname

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “<pyshell#3>”, line 1, in <module>

Myname

NameError: name ‘Myname’ is not defined

As you can see, this raised a NameError. This means

that Python is indeed case-sensitive.

Q.6. How long can an identifier be in Python?

According to the official Python documentation, an
identifier can be of any length. However, PEP 8
suggests that you should limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. Also, PEP 20 says ‘readability
counts’. So, a very long identifier will violate PEP-8
and PEP-20.

Apart from that, there are certain rules we must

follow to name one:

It can only begin with an underscore or a

character from A-Z or a-z.
The rest of it can contain anything from the
following: A-Z/a-z/_/0-9.
Python is case-sensitive, as we discussed in the
previous question.
Keywords cannot be used as identifiers. Python
has the following keywords:

and def False import not True

as del finally in or try

assert elif for is pass while

break else from lambda print with

class except global None raise yield

continue exec if nonlocal return

Learn everything about Python Identifiers

Q.7. How would you convert a string into

lowercase?

We use the lower() method for this.

>>> 'AyuShi'.lower()

‘ayushi’

To convert it into uppercase, then, we use upper().

>>> 'AyuShi'.upper()

‘AYUSHI’

Also, to check if a string is in all uppercase or all

lowercase, we use the methods isupper() and
islower().

>>> 'AyuShi'.isupper()
False

>>> 'AYUSHI'.isupper()

True

>>> 'ayushi'.islower()

True

>>> '@yu$hi'.islower()

True

>>> '@YU$HI'.isupper()

True

So, characters like @ and $ will suffice for both

cases

Also, istitle() will tell us if a string is in title case.

>>> 'The Corpse Bride'.istitle()

True

Q.8. What is the pass statement in Python?

There may be times in our code when we haven’t

decided what to do yet, but we must type something
for it to be syntactically correct. In such a case, we
use the pass statement.

>>> def func(*args):

pass
>>>

Similarly, the break statement breaks out of a loop.

>>> for i in range(7):

if i==3: break
print(i)
1

Finally, the continue statement skips to the next

iteration.

>>> for i in range(7):

if i==3: continue
print(i)

Hope you have read all the basic Python Interview

Questions and Answers. Now, let’s move towards the
second part of the blog – Most asked Python
Interview Questions and Answers for freshers

Frequently Asked Python

Interview Questions and
Answers for Freshers
While solving or answering these questions, if you
feel any difficulty, comment us. DataFlair is always
ready to help you.

Q.9. Explain help() and dir() functions in Python.

The help() function displays the documentation string

and help for its argument.

>>> import copy

>>> help(copy.copy)

Help on function copy in module copy:

copy(x)

Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.

See the module’s __doc__ string for more info.

The dir() function displays all the members of an

object(any kind).
 >>> dir(copy.copy)

[‘__annotations__’, ‘__call__’, ‘__class__’,

‘__closure__’, ‘__code__’, ‘__defaults__’,
‘__delattr__’, ‘__dict__’, ‘__dir__’, ‘__doc__’,
‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__get__’,
‘__getattribute__’, ‘__globals__’, ‘__gt__’,
‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__init_subclass__’,
‘__kwdefaults__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’,
‘__module__’, ‘__name__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’,
‘__qualname__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’,
‘__repr__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’,
‘__subclasshook__’]

Q.10. How do you get a list of all the keys in a

dictionary?

Be specific in these type of Python Interview

Questions and Answers.

For this, we use the function keys().

>>> mydict=
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'e':5}
>>> mydict.keys()

dict_keys([‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘e’])

Wait!! Have you developed any Python Project

yet?

Practice with Top Python Projects with source

code and become job-ready

Q.11. What is slicing?

Slicing is a technique that allows us to retrieve only a

part of a list, tuple, or string. For this, we use the
slicing operator [].

>>> (1,2,3,4,5)[2:4]

(3, 4)

>>> [7,6,8,5,9][2:]

[8, 5, 9]

>>> 'Hello'[:-1]
‘Hell’

Q.12. How would you declare a comment in

Python?

Unlike languages like C++, Python does not have

multiline comments. All it has is octothorpe (#).
Anything following a hash is considered a comment,
and the interpreter ignores it.

>>> #line 1 of comment

>>> #line 2 of comment

In fact, you can place a comment anywhere in your

code. You can use it to explain your code.

Q.13. How will you check if all characters in a

string are alphanumeric?

For this, we use the method isalnum().

Q.14. How will you capitalize the first letter of a

string?

Simply using the method capitalize().

>>> 'ayushi'.capitalize()

‘Ayushi’

>>> type(str.capitalize)

<class ‘method_descriptor’>

However, it will let other characters be.

>>> '@yushi'.capitalize()

‘@yushi’

>>> 'Ayushi123'.isalnum()

True

>>> 'Ayushi123!'.isalnum()
False

Other methods that we have include:

>>> '123.3'.isdigit()

False

>>> '123'.isnumeric()

True

>>> 'ayushi'.islower()

True

>>> 'Ayushi'.isupper()

False

>>> 'Ayushi'.istitle()

True

>>> ' '.isspace()

True

>>> '123F'.isdecimal()

False

Q.15. We know Python is all the rage these days.

But to be truly accepting of a great technology,
you must know its pitfalls as well. Would you like
to talk about this?

Of course. To be truly yourself, you must be

accepting of your flaws. Only then can you move
forward to work on them. Python has its flaws too:
 Python’s interpreted nature imposes a speed
penalty on it.
While Python is great for a lot of things, it is
weak in mobile computing, and in browsers.
Being dynamically-typed, Python uses duck-
typing (If it looks like a duck, it must be a duck).
This can raise runtime errors.
Python has underdeveloped database access
layers. This renders it a less-than-perfect choice
for huge database applications.
And then, well, of course. Being easy makes it
addictive. Once a Python-coder, always a Python
coder.

Q.16. With Python, how do you find out which

directory you are currently in?

To find this, we use the function/method getcwd().

We import it from the module os.

>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()

‘C:\\Users\\lifei\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36-
32’

>>> type(os.getcwd)

<class ‘builtin_function_or_method’>

We can also change the current working directory

with chdir().

>>>
os.chdir('C:\\Users\\lifei\\Desktop
 ')
>>> os.getcwd()

‘C:\\Users\\lifei\\Desktop’

Q.17. How do you insert an object at a given index

in Python?

Let’s build a list first.

>>> a=[1,2,4]

Now, we use the method insert. The first argument is

the index at which to insert, the second is the value to
insert.

>>> a.insert(2,3)
>>> a

[1, 2, 3, 4]

Q.18. And how do you reverse a list?

Using the reverse() method.

>>> a.reverse()
>>> a

[4, 3, 2, 1]

You can also do it via slicing from right to left:

>>> a[::-1]
>>> a

[1, 2, 3, 4]

This gives us the original list because we already

reversed it once. However, this does not modify the
original list to reverse it.

Q.19. What is the Python interpreter prompt?

This is the following sign for Python Interpreter:

>>>

If you have worked with the IDLE, you will see this
prompt.

Q.20. How does a function return values?

A function uses the ‘return’ keyword to return a

value. Take a look:

>>> def add(a,b):

return a+b

Q.21. How would you define a block in Python?

For any kind of statements, we possibly need to

define a block of code under them. However, Python
does not support curly braces. This means we must
end such statements with colons and then indent the
blocks under those with the same amount.

>>> if 3>1:
print("Hello")
print("Goodbye")

Hello

Goodbye

Q.22. Why do we need break and continue in

Python?

Both break and continue are statements that control

flow in Python loops. break stops the current loop
from executing further and transfers the control to the
next block. continue jumps to the next iteration of the
loop without exhausting it.

Q.23. Will the do-while loop work if you don’t end

it with a semicolon?

Trick question! Python does not support an intrinsic

do-while loop. Secondly, to terminate do-while loops
is a necessity for languages like C++.

Q.24. In one line, show us how you’ll get the max

alphabetical character from a string.

For this, we’ll simply use the max function.

>>> max('flyiNg')

‘y’

The following are the ASCII values for all the letters
of this string-

f- 102

l- 108

y- 121

i- 105

N- 78

g- 103

By this logic, try to explain the following line of

code-

>>> max('fly{}iNg')

‘}’

(Bonus: } – 125)

Q.25. What is Python good for?

Python is a jack of many trades, check out

Applications of Python to find out more.

Meanwhile, we’ll say we can use it for:

Web and Internet Development

Desktop GUI
Scientific and Numeric Applications
Software Development Applications
Applications in Education
Applications in Business
Database Access
Network Programming
Games, 3D Graphics
Other Python Applications

Q.26. Can you name ten built-in functions in

Python and explain each in brief?

Ten Built-in Functions, you say? Okay, here you go.

complex()- Creates a complex number.

>>> complex(3.5,4)

(3.5+4j)

eval()- Parses a string as an expression.

 >>> eval('print(max(22,22.0)-
min(2,3))')

20

filter()- Filters in items for which the condition is

true.

>>> list(filter(lambda x:x%2==0,

[1,2,0,False]))

[2, 0, False]

format()- Lets us format a string.

>>> print("a={0} but b=

{1}".format(a,b))

a=2 but b=3

hash()- Returns the hash value of an object.

>>> hash(3.7)

644245917

hex()- Converts an integer to a hexadecimal.

>>> hex(14)

‘0xe’

input()- Reads and returns a line of string.

>>> input('Enter a number')

Enter a number7

‘7’

len()- Returns the length of an object.

>>> len('Ayushi')
6

locals()- Returns a dictionary of the current local

symbol table.

>>> locals()

{‘__name__’: ‘__main__’, ‘__doc__’: None,

‘__package__’: None, ‘__loader__’: <class
‘_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter’>, ‘__spec__’:
None, ‘__annotations__’: {}, ‘__builtins__’:
<module ‘builtins’ (built-in)>, ‘a’: 2, ‘b’: 3}

open()- Opens a file.

>>> file=open('tabs.txt')

Q.27. What will the following code output?

>>> word=’abcdefghij’
>>> word[:3]+word[3:]

The output is ‘abcdefghij’. The first slice gives us

‘abc’, the next gives us ‘defghij’.

Q.28. How will you convert a list into a string?

We will use the join() method for this.

>>> nums=
['one','two','three','four','five',
'six','seven']
>>> s=' '.join(nums)
>>> s

‘one two three four five six seven’

Q.29. How will you remove a duplicate element

from a list?

We can turn it into a set to do that.

>>> list=[1,2,1,3,4,2]
>>> set(list)

{1, 2, 3, 4}

Q.30. Can you explain the life cycle of a thread?

 To create a thread, we create a class that we
make override the run method of the thread class.
Then, we instantiate it.
A thread that we just created is in the new state.
When we make a call to start() on it, it forwards
the threads for scheduling. These are in the ready
state.
When execution begins, the thread is in the
running state.
Calls to methods like sleep() and join() make a
thread wait. Such a thread is in the
waiting/blocked state.
When a thread is done waiting or executing,
other waiting threads are sent for scheduling.
A running thread that is done executing
terminates and is in the dead state.

Basic Python Program

Interview Questions and
Answers
Q.31. What is a dictionary in Python?

A python dictionary is something I have never seen

in other languages like C++ or Java programming. It
holds key-value pairs.

1. >>> roots={25:5,16:4,9:3,4:2,1:1}
2. >>> type(roots)

<class ‘dict’>

1. >>> roots[9]

A dictionary is mutable, and we can also use a

comprehension to create it.
 1. >>> roots={x**2 for x in range(5,0,-1)}
2. >>> roots

{25: 5, 16: 4, 9: 3, 4: 2, 1: 1}

Q.32. Explain the //, %, and ** operators in

Python.

The // operator performs floor division. It will return

the integer part of the result on division.

>>> 7//2

Normal division would return 3.5 here.

Similarly, ** performs exponentiation. a**b returns

the value of a raised to the power b.

>>> 2**10

1024

Finally, % is for modulus. This gives us the value left

after the highest achievable division.

>>> 13%7

>>> 3.5%1.5

0.5

Q.33. What do you know about relational

operators in Python.
Relational operators compare values.

Less than (<) If the value on the left is lesser, it

returns True.

>>> 'hi'<'Hi'

False
Greater than (>) If the value on the left is greater, it
returns True.

>>> 1.1+2.2>3.3

True

This is because of the flawed floating-point

arithmetic in Python, due to hardware dependencies.

Less than or equal to (<=) If the value on the left is

lesser than or equal to, it returns True.

>>> 3.0<=3

True

Greater than or equal to (>=) If the value on the left

is greater than or equal to, it returns True.

>>> True>=False

True
Equal to (==) If the two values are equal, it returns
True.

>>> {1,3,2,2}=={1,2,3}

True

Not equal to (!=) If the two values are unequal, it

returns True.

>>> True!=0.1

True

>>> False!=0.1

True

You will surely face a question from Python

Operators. There are chances that question may be
in an indirect way. Prepare yourself for it with the
best guide – Python Operators

Q.34. What are assignment operators in Python?

We can combine all arithmetic operators with the

assignment symbol.

>>> a=7
>>> a+=1
>>> a

8
 >>> a-=1
>>> a

>>> a*=2
>>> a

14

>>> a/=2
>>> a

7.0

>>> a**=2
>>> a

49.0

>>> a//=3
>>> a

16.0

>>> a%=4
>>> a

0.0

Q.35. Explain logical operators in Python.

We have three logical operators- and, or, not.

>>> False and True

False

>>> 7<7 or True

True

>>> not 2==2

False

Q.36. What are membership operators?

With the operators ‘in’ and ‘not in’, we can confirm

if a value is a member in another.

>>> 'me' in 'disappointment'

True

>>> 'us' not in 'disappointment'

True

Q.37. Explain identity operators in Python.

The operators ‘is’ and ‘is not’ tell us if two values

have the same identity.

>>> 10 is '10'

False

>>> True is not False

True

Q.38. Finally, tell us about bitwise operators in

Python.

These operate on values bit by bit.

AND (&) This performs & on each bit pair.

 >>> 0b110 & 0b010

OR (|) This performs | on each bit pair.

>>> 3|2

XOR (^) This performs an exclusive-OR operation

on each bit pair.

>>> 3^2

Binary One’s Complement (~) This returns the one’s

complement of a value.

>>> ~2

-3

Binary Left-Shift (<<) This shifts the bits to the left

by the specified amount.

>>> 1<<2

Here, 001 was shifted to the left by two places to get

100, which is binary for 4.

Binary Right-Shift (>>)

>>> 4>>2

Q.39. What data types does Python support?

Python provides us with five kinds of data types:

Numbers – Numbers use to hold numerical values.

 >>> a=7.0
>>>

Strings – A string is a sequence of characters. We

declare it using single or double quotes.

>>> title="Ayushi's Book"

Lists – A list is an ordered collection of values, and

we declare it using square brackets.

>>> colors=['red','green','blue']
>>> type(colors)

<class ‘list’>

Tuples – A tuple, like a list, is an ordered collection

of values. The difference. However, is that a tuple is
immutable. This means that we cannot change a
value in it.

>>> name=('Ayushi','Sharma')
>>> name[0]='Avery'

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “<pyshell#129>”, line 1, in <module>

name[0]=’Avery’

TypeError: ‘tuple’ object does not support item

assignment

Dictionary – A dictionary is a data structure that

holds key-value pairs. We declare it using curly
braces.

>>> squares={1:1,2:4,3:9,4:16,5:25}
>>> type(squares)

<class ‘dict’>

>>> type({})

<class ‘dict’>

We can also use a dictionary comprehension:

 >>> squares={x:x**2 for x in
range(1,6)}
>>> squares

{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

Don’t miss the complete guide for Python Data

Types and Variables

Q.40. What is a docstring?

A docstring is a documentation string that we use to

explain what a construct does. We place it as the first
thing under a function, class, or a method, to describe
what it does. We declare a docstring using three sets
of single or double-quotes.

>>> def sayhi():

"""
The function prints Hi
"""
print("Hi")
>>> sayhi()

Hi

To get a function’s docstring, we use its __doc__

attribute.

>>> sayhi.__doc__

‘\n\tThis function prints Hi\n\t’

A docstring, unlike a comment, is retained at

runtime.

Q.41. How would you convert a string into an int

in Python?

If a string contains only numerical characters, you

can convert it into an integer using the int() function.

>>> int('227')

227

Let’s check the types:

>>> type('227')
<class ‘str’>

>>> type(int('227'))

<class ‘int’>

Q.42. How do you take input in Python?

For taking input from the user, we have the function

input(). In Python 2, we had another function
raw_input().

The input() function takes, as an argument, the text to

be displayed for the task:

>>> a=input('Enter a number')

Enter a number7

But if you have paid attention, you know that it takes

input in the form of a string.

>>> type(a)

<class ‘str’>

Multiplying this by 2 gives us this:

>>> a*=2
>>> a

’77’

So, what if we need to work on an integer instead?

We use the int() function for this.

>>> a=int(input('Enter a number'))

Enter a number7

Now when we multiply it by 2, we get this:

>>> a*=2
>>> a

14
Q.43. What is a function?

When we want to execute a sequence of statements,

we can give it a name. Let’s define a function to take
two numbers and return the greater number.

>>> def greater(a,b):

return a is a>b else b
>>> greater(3,3.5)

3.5

Q.44. What is recursion?

When a function makes a call to itself, it is termed

recursion. But then, in order for it to avoid forming
an infinite loop, we must have a base condition.

Let’s take an example.

>>> def facto(n):

if n==1: return 1
return n*facto(n-1)
>>> facto(4)

24

Q.45. What does the function zip() do?

One of the less common functions with beginners,

zip() returns an iterator of tuples.

>>> list(zip(['a','b','c'],
[1,2,3]))

[(‘a’, 1), (‘b’, 2), (‘c’, 3)]

Here, it pairs items from the two lists and creates

tuples with those. But it doesn’t have to be lists.

>>> list(zip(('a','b','c'),
(1,2,3)))

[(‘a’, 1), (‘b’, 2), (‘c’, 3)]

Q.46. How do you calculate the length of a string?

This is simple. We call the function len() on the

string we want to calculate the length of.

>>> len('Ayushi Sharma')

13

Q.47. Explain Python List Comprehension.

The list comprehension in python is a way to declare

a list in one line of code. Let’s take a look at one
such example.

>>> [i for i in range(1,11,2)]

[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

>>> [i*2 for i in range(1,11,2)]

[2, 6, 10, 14, 18]

Q.48. How do you get all values from a Python

dictionary?

We saw previously, to get all keys from a dictionary,

we make a call to the keys() method. Similarly, for
values, we use the method values().

>>> 'd' in
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}.values()

False

>>> 4 in
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}.values()

True

Q.49. What if you want to toggle case for a Python

string?

We have the swapcase() method from the str class to

do just that.

>>> 'AyuShi'.swapcase()

‘aYUsHI’

Let’s apply some concepts now, shall we? Questions

50 through 52 assume the string ‘I love Python’. You
need to do the needful.
Q.50. Write code to print only upto the letter t.

>>> i=0
>>> while s[i]!='t':
print(s[i],end=’’)
i+=1

I love Py

Q.51. Write code to print everything in the string

except the spaces.

>>> for i in s:
if i==' ': continue
print(i,end='')

IlovePython

Q.52. Now, print this string five times in a row.

>>> for i in range(6):

print(s)

I love Python

I love Python

I love Python

I love Python

I love Python

I love Python

Okay, moving on to more domains to conquer.

Q.53. What is the purpose of bytes() in Python?

bytes() is a built-in function in Python that returns an

immutable bytes object. Let’s take an example.

>>> bytes([2,4,8])

b’\x02\x04\x08′

>>> bytes(5)

b’\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00′
 >>> bytes('world','utf-8')

b’world’

Q.54. What is a control flow statement?

A Python program usually starts to execute from the

first line. From there, it moves through each
statement just once and as soon as it’s done with the
last statement, it transactions the program. However,
sometimes, we may want to take a more twisted path
through the code. Control flow statements let us
disturb the normal execution flow of a program and
bend it to our will.

Q.55. Create a new list to convert the following list

of number strings to a list of numbers.

nums=[‘22’,’68’,’110’,’89’,’31’,’12’]

We will use the int() function with a list

comprehension to convert these strings into integers
and put them in a list.

>>> [int(i) for i in nums]

[22, 68, 110, 89, 31, 12]

Q.56. Given the first and last names of all

employees in your firm, what data type will you
use to store it?

I can use a dictionary to store that. It would be

something like this-

{‘first_name’:’Ayushi’,’second_name’:’Sharma’

Top Python Interview

Questions and Answers
Q.57. How would you work with numbers other
than those in the decimal number system?

With Python, it is possible to type numbers in binary,

octal, and hexadecimal.

Binary numbers are made of 0 and 1. To type in

binary, we use the prefix 0b or 0B.

>>> int(0b1010)
10

To convert a number into its binary form, we use

bin().

>>> bin(0xf)

‘0b1111’

Octal numbers may have digits from 0 to 7. We use

the prefix 0o or 0O.

>>> oct(8)

‘0o10’

Hexadecimal numbers may have digits from 0 to 15.

We use the prefix 0x or 0X.

>>> hex(16)

‘0x10’

>>> hex(15)

‘0xf’

DataFlair’s latest article on Python Numbers with

Examples

Q.58. What does the following code output?

>>> def extendList(val, list=[]):

list.append(val)
return list
>>> list1 = extendList(10)
>>> list2 = extendList(123,[])
>>> list3 = extendList('a')
>>> list1,list2,list3

([10, ‘a’], [123], [10, ‘a’])

You’d expect the output to be something like this:

([10],[123],[‘a’])

Well, this is because the list argument does not

initialize to its default value ([]) every time we make
a call to the function. Once we define the function, it
creates a new list. Then, whenever we call it again
without a list argument, it uses the same list. This is
because it calculates the expressions in the default
arguments when we define the function, not when we
call it.

Q.59. How many arguments can the range()

function take?

The range() function in Python can take up to 3

arguments. Let’s see this one by one.

a. One argument

When we pass only one argument, it takes it as the

stop value. Here, the start value is 0, and the step
value is +1.

>>> list(range(5))

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> list(range(-5))

[]

>>> list(range(0))

[]

b. Two arguments

When we pass two arguments, the first one is the

start value, and the second is the stop value.

>>> list(range(2,7))

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>> list(range(7,2))

[]

>>> list(range(-3,4))

[-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3]

c. Three arguments

Here, the first argument is the start value, the second

is the stop value, and the third is the step value.

>>> list(range(2,9,2))

[2, 4, 6, 8]

>>> list(range(9,2,-1))

[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]

Q.60. What is PEP 8?

PEP 8 is a coding convention that lets us write more

readable code. In other words, it is a set of
recommendations.

Q.61. How is Python different from Java?

Following is the comparison of Python vs Java –

Java is faster than Python

Python mandates indentation. Java needs braces.
Python is dynamically-typed; Java is statically
typed.
Python is simple and concise; Java is verbose
Python is interpreted
Java is platform-independent
Java has stronger database-access with JDBC

Python vs Java, the most commonly asked python

interview question for freshers.

Learn it in detail – Python vs Java for Interview

Q.62. What is the best code you can write to swap
two numbers?

I can perform the swapping in one statement.

>>> a,b=b,a

Here’s the entire code, though-

>>> a,b=2,3
>>> a,b=b,a
>>> a,b

(3, 2)

Q.63. How can you declare multiple assignments

in one statement?

This is one of the most asked interview questions for

Python freshers –

There are two ways to do this:

First –

>>> a,b,c=3,4,5 #This assigns 3, 4,

and 5 to a, b, and c respectively

Second –

>>> a=b=c=3 #This assigns 3 to a,

b, and c

Q.64. If you are ever stuck in an infinite loop, how

will you break out of it?

For this, we press Ctrl+C. This interrupts the

execution. Let’s create an infinite loop to
demonstrate this.

>>> def counterfunc(n):

while(n==7):print(n)
>>> counterfunc(7)

7
7

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “<pyshell#332>”, line 1, in <module>

counterfunc(7)

File “<pyshell#331>”, line 2, in counterfunc

while(n==7):print(n)

KeyboardInterrupt

Technical Python Interview

Questions and Answers
Q.65. How do we execute Python?

Python files first compile to bytecode. Then, the host

executes them.

Revise the concept of Python Compiler

Q.66. Explain Python’s parameter-passing

mechanism.

To pass its parameters to a function, Python uses

pass-by-reference. If you change a parameter within
a function, the change reflects in the calling function.
This is its default behavior. However, when we pass
literal arguments like strings, numbers, or tuples,
they pass by value. This is because they are
immutable.

Q.67. What is the with statement in Python?

The with statement in Python ensures that cleanup

code is executed when working with unmanaged
resources by encapsulating common preparation and
cleanup tasks. It may be used to open a file, do
something, and then automatically close the file at
the end. It may be used to open a database
connection, do some processing, then automatically
close the connection to ensure resources are closed
and available for others. with will cleanup the
resources even if an exception is thrown. This
statement is like the using statement in C#.
Consider you put some code in a try block, then in
the finally block, you close any resources used. The
with statement is like syntactic sugar for that.

The syntax of this control-flow structure is:

with expression [as variable]:

….with-block

>>> with open('data.txt') as data:

#processing statements

Q.68. How is a .pyc file different from a .py file?

While both files hold bytecode, .pyc is the compiled

version of a Python file. It has platform-independent
bytecode. Hence, we can execute it on any platform
that supports the .pyc format. Python automatically
generates it to improve performance(in terms of load
time, not speed).

Python OOPS Interview Questions

and Answers
Q.69. What makes Python object-oriented?

Again the frequently asked Python Interview

Question

Python is object-oriented because it follows the

Object-Oriented programming paradigm. This is a
paradigm that revolves around classes and their
instances (objects). With this kind of programming,
we have the following features:

Encapsulation
Abstraction
Inheritance
 Polymorphism
Data hiding

Q.70. How many types of objects does Python

support?

Objects in Python are mutable and immutable. Let’s

talk about these.

Immutable objects- Those which do not let us

modify their contents. Examples of these will be
tuples, booleans, strings, integers, floats, and
complexes. Iterations on such objects are faster.

>>> tuple=(1,2,4)
>>> tuple

(1, 2, 4)

>>> 2+4j

(2+4j)

Mutable objects – Those that let you modify their

contents. Examples of these are lists, sets, and dicts.
Iterations on such objects are slower.

>>> [2,4,9]

[2, 4, 9]

>>> dict1={1:1,2:2}
>>> dict1

{1: 1, 2: 2}

While two equal immutable objects’ reference

variables share the same address, it is possible to
create two mutable objects with the same content.

Open-ended Python Interview

Questions
Q.71 Why do you want to work for this company?

Q.72 Where do you see yourself in 10 years?

Q.73 What will you bring to the table if we hire you?

Q.74 Tell me about your best personal project. What
challenges did you face, and how did it change the
way you work?

Q.75 Would you have a problem with menial tasks?

Q.76 What makes you like Python over other

languages? (The most commonly asked Python
interview questions)

So, these were some of the important Python

Interview Questions and Answers. If you practiced
all the above questions then you are ready to move
towards the next part of DataFlair’s Python
Interview Questions and Answers Series – Part 2 for
Python Interviews. I advise you not to miss a single
part of this series. All these questions are specifically
designed by experienced individuals to provide you
with complete help for cracking your next interview.

Start applying for the next Python Interview, you are

going to crack it.

Don’t Miss Out – Tips for Preparing a Perfect

Python Resume

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17 RESPONSES

Comments 17 Pingbacks 0

nidhi July 31, 2018 at 5:46 am

I have faced a number of difficult interview questions
like what is your career goal etc. Some of these
questions require prior preparation. This I came to
know after reading your blog. Thanks for the practical
tips to answer such questions.
Reply

Data Flair August 24, 2018 at 6:04 am

Hi Nidhi,
We are glad we could make a difference to
you. Luckily, we have prepared many more
Python Interview questions for loyal readers
like you looking to find all the important
 questions in one place. We have also curated
questions for you that deal with issues you’d
normally run into with Python- questions that
could be part of an interview.
Why don’t you check
Best Python Interview Questions
Reply

Damian Oguche November 28, 2018 at 10:01 pm

Your website has has given me serious insight about
what Python is all about. The content of your tutorials
are great. I am encouraged to continue my journey
into the wonderful world of Python programming.
Reply

DataFlair Team December 1, 2018 at 4:43 pm

Hello Damian,
Very glad to see your review on Python
Interview Questions. Our readers feedback
always motivate us to publish more articles.
If you are planning for Python Career refer
our article ​
Python Career Opportunities.
Regards,
Data-Flair
Reply

anusha January 27, 2020 at 2:35 pm

nice blog thanks for sharing.
Reply

DataFlair Team January 27, 2020 at 5:47 pm

Hello Anusha,

Glad that you liked our blog. Refer to our

other blogs that contain advanced Python
interview questions for your interview
preparation.
Reply

raju March 2, 2020 at 8:14 pm

what is the difference between the IDE and IDLE in
python?
Reply

DataFlair Team March 22, 2021 at 3:59 pm

IDE is a acronym which stands for Integrated
Development Environment. This is a software
environment which usually consist of a
software development package containing
Code Editor, Build Automation, Tools and
Debugger.

IDLE is a acronym for Integrated

Development and Learning Environment.
This includes the basic packages and concepts
of an IDE in addition for learning and
educational purposes .

For Python this is intended to be a simple IDE

suited for beginners… especially those in an
education environment.
 Reply

Rufus Smith April 10, 2020 at 12:39 am

I believe there is an error in your thread life-cycle
diagram. The arrow coming out of the sleep/wait state
should point to the Running state rather than the Dead
state.
Reply

DataFlair Team March 22, 2021 at 4:01 pm

We have checked the Thread Life Cycle
Diagram of Python and it’s correct.
Reply

Bhushan Patil July 30, 2020 at 10:30 am

Excellent content, Really helpful for beginners as well
as experienced once.
Reply

DataFlair Team March 22, 2021 at 4:49 pm

We are happy to see that our readers are
liking our efforts on python Interview
Questions and Answers. Check other Python
Interview Questions as well
Reply

m August 25, 2020 at 2:03 am

Q 38 4, the other way around
Reply

Abhishek Kumar March 22, 2021 at 7:17 am

Hi, Could you please attach a sample resume for
python developer.
Reply

Dovid Burns June 14, 2021 at 12:46 am

Q8 and 9, have the wrong code output. range(7) starts
at zero not one.
Reply

DataFlair November 10, 2021 at 9:35 am

Yes, you are correct. The output of the
example on break statement should be 0 1 2
And the output of the exmaple related to the
continue statement should be 0 1 2 4 5 6
Thank you for correcting us!

Reply

kamal June 23, 2021 at 11:45 pm

The webpage of Python Interview Questions and
Answers Series – Part 2 is not loading .. please check
into it.
Reply

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