Power Systems Analysis Lab

BEEE306P
Digital Assignment - 3
Simulation of Z-bus matrix
Navya Kukreja
22BEE0093

Aim
To calculate the elements zij of the impedance-bus matrix from the given bus
network.

Theory
Addition of a new branch
When a new node is created the dimensions of the matrix changes to (m + 1) x
(m+1) while the old Zbus matrix does not change.

If new node connecting to existing bus:

 
Z11 Z12
Zbus =
Z21 Z22
Zqi = Zpi
Zqq = Zpq + Zpq,pq
If new node connecting to reference bus:
Zqi = 0
Zqq = Zpq,pq

1
Addition of new link
Since no new node is created, the modified Zbus will have the same dimension as
the original Zbus but all the elements of the modified bus will be different from
the original nodes

 
Z11 Z12 Z13
Zbus,old = Z21 Z22 Z23 
Z31 Z32 Z33
Temporary bus is then,

 
Z11 Z12 Z13 Z1l
Z21 Z22 Z23 Z2l 
Zbus,temp =
Z31

Z32 Z33 Z3l 
Zl1 Zl2 Zl3 Zll
If new node connecting to existing bus:
Zli = Zpi − Zqi
Zll = Zpl − Zql + Zpl, pl
If new node connecting to refernce bus:
Zli = −Zqi
Zll = −Zql + Zpl, pl
Finally,

[Zil ][Zjl ]
Zbus,modif ied = Zbus,old − Zll

2
Algorithm
1. Initialize the ZBus matrix as a 1 × 1 zero matrix and start an iterative loop for
user inputs until the user wishes to exit.
2. If adding a new branch, check if it connects to a reference or existing bus.
3. If adding a new link, check if it connects from a reference or between existing
buses. Update the matrix using impedance and reduction formulas to reflect the
link’s effect.
4. Validate user inputs for bus IDs, ensuring they fall within the matrix size.
Display error messages for invalid data and continue or break as needed.
5. Repeat the process until the user chooses to exit, displaying the updated ZBus
matrix after every modification.

MATLAB code

clc ;
clear all ;
close all ;

Z_Bus_Matrix = [0];
temp_1 = 1;

while temp_1 == 1
temp_2 = input (" New branch or new link ? (1/2) : ") ;
if temp_2 == 1
temp_3 = input (" Addition of new branch with reference bus or existing
bus ? (1/2) : ") ;
if temp_3 == 1
z_new = input (" Enter new branch impedance : ") ;
Z_Bus = Z_Bus_Matrix ;
[i , j ] = size ( Z_Bus ) ;
Z_Bus ( i +1 , 1: j ) = 0;
Z_Bus (1: i , j +1) = 0;
Z_Bus ( i +1 , j +1) = z_new ;
if Z_Bus (1 , 1) == 0
Z_Bus = Z_Bus (2 , 2) ;

3
 end
disp (" Impedance Matrix is :") ;
Z_Bus_Matrix = Z_Bus ;
Z_Bus_Matrix
elseif temp_3 == 2
temp_3 = input (" Enter the existing bus ID : ") ;
z_new = input (" Enter the new branch impedance : ") ;
Z_Bus = Z_Bus_Matrix ;
[i , j ] = size ( Z_Bus ) ;
if temp_3 <= j
Z_Bus ( i +1 , 1: j ) = Z_Bus_Matrix ( temp_3 , 1: j ) ;
Z_Bus (1: i , j +1) = Z_Bus_Matrix (1: i , temp_3 ) ;
Z_Bus ( i +1 , j +1) = Z_Bus ( temp_3 , j +1) + z_new ;
disp (" Impedance Matrix is :") ;
Z_Bus_Matrix = Z_Bus ;
Z_Bus_Matrix
else
disp (" False Data ") ;
break ;
end
end
elseif temp_2 == 2
temp_3 = input (" New link from reference bus or existing bus ? (1/2) : ") ;
if temp_3 == 1
temp_4 = input (" Enter the existing bus ID for the link : ") ;
z_new = input (" Enter the new link impedance : ") ;
Z_Bus = Z_Bus_Matrix ;
[i , j ] = size ( Z_Bus ) ;
if temp_4 <= j
Z_Bus_Temp = Z_Bus ;
Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , 1: j ) = Z_Bus ( temp_4 , 1: j ) ;
Z_Bus_Temp (1: i , j +1) = Z_Bus (1: i , temp_4 ) ;
Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , j +1) = Z_Bus_Temp ( temp_4 , j +1) + z_new ;
Z_Bus_Mod = Z_Bus - ((1 / Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , j +1) ) * Z_Bus_Temp (1:
i , j +1) * Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , 1: j ) ) ;
disp (" Impedance Matrix is :") ;
Z_Bus_Matrix = Z_Bus_Mod ;
Z_Bus_Matrix
else
disp (" False Data ") ;
break ;
end
elseif temp_3 == 2
temp_4 = input (" Enter the bus ID for link starting : ") ;
temp_5 = input (" Enter the bus ID for link ending : ") ;
z_new = input (" Enter the new link impedance : ") ;

4
 Z_Bus = Z_Bus_Matrix ;
[i , j ] = size ( Z_Bus ) ;
if temp_4 > size ( Z_Bus_Matrix , 1) || temp_5 > size ( Z_Bus_Matrix , 2)
disp ( ' Invalid bus ') ;
continue ;
end
if temp_4 <= i && temp_5 <= j
Z_Bus_Temp = Z_Bus ;
Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , 1: j ) = Z_Bus ( temp_4 , 1: j ) - Z_Bus_Temp ( temp_5 ,
1: j ) ;
Z_Bus_Temp (1: i , j +1) = Z_Bus (1: i , temp_4 ) - Z_Bus_Temp (1: i ,
temp_5 ) ;
Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , j +1) = Z_Bus_Temp ( temp_4 , j +1) - Z_Bus_Temp (
temp_5 , j +1) + z_new ;
Z_Bus_Mod = Z_Bus - ((1 / Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , j +1) ) * Z_Bus_Temp (1:
i , j +1) * Z_Bus_Temp ( i +1 , 1: j ) ) ;
disp (" The impedance matrix is as follows :") ;
Z_Bus_Matrix = Z_Bus_Mod ;
Z_Bus_Matrix
else
disp (" Invalid input ") ;
break ;
end
end
end
temp_1 = input (" Continue or exit ? (1/0) : ") ;
end

5
Results
Output from MATLAB live editor:
Enter 1 for addition of new branch
Enter 2 for addition of new link: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch with reference bus
Enter 2 for addition of new branch with existing bus: 1
Enter new branch impedance: 1j
Impedance Matrix is:

ZBus,M atrix = 0.0000 + 1.0000i

Enter 1 to Continue
Enter 0 to Stop: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch
Enter 2 for addition of new link: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch with reference bus
Enter 2 for addition of new branch with existing bus: 2
Enter the existing bus ID: 1
Enter the new branch impedance: 0.5j
Impedance Matrix is:

0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.0000i

ZBus,M atrix =
0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.5000i
Enter 1 to Continue
Enter 0 to Stop: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch
Enter 2 for addition of new link: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch with reference bus
Enter 2 for addition of new branch with existing bus: 2

6
Enter the existing bus ID: 2
Enter the new branch impedance: 0.25j
Impedance Matrix is:

0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.0000i

ZBus,M atrix = 0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.5000i 0.0000 + 1.5000i
0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.5000i 0.0000 + 1.7500i
Enter 1 to Continue
Enter 0 to Stop: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch
Enter 2 for addition of new link: 2
Enter 1 for addition of new link with reference bus
Enter 2 for addition of new link with existing buses: 2
Enter the bus ID for link starting: 3
Enter the bus ID for link ending: 1
Enter the new link impedance: 0.25j
Impedance Matrix is:

0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.0000i

ZBus,M atrix = 0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.2500i 0.0000 + 1.1250i
0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.1250i 0.0000 + 1.1875i
Enter 1 to Continue
Enter 0 to Stop: 1
Enter 1 for addition of new branch
Enter 2 for addition of new link: 2
Enter 1 for addition of new link with reference bus
Enter 2 for addition of new link with existing buses: 1
Enter the existing bus ID for the link: 2
Enter the new link impedance: 1j

7
Impedance Matrix is:
0.0000 + 0.5556i 0.0000 + 0.4444i 0.0000 + 0.5000i
ZBus,M atrix = 0.0000 + 0.4444i 0.0000 + 0.5556i 0.0000 + 0.5000i
0.0000 + 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.6250i
Enter 1 to Continue
Enter 0 to Stop: 0

Summary
We have successfully calculated the impedance matrix for the given bus system
and output is consistent with theoretical calculations.