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M2

The document provides an overview of vectors, including their definitions, differences between vector and scalar quantities, and methods for vector addition. It explains how to rewrite vectors in component form and emphasizes the importance of understanding vectors in real-world applications such as physics and engineering. Key concepts include the representation of vectors, mathematical operations, and the calculation of directions and magnitudes.

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11 views37 pages

M2

The document provides an overview of vectors, including their definitions, differences between vector and scalar quantities, and methods for vector addition. It explains how to rewrite vectors in component form and emphasizes the importance of understanding vectors in real-world applications such as physics and engineering. Key concepts include the representation of vectors, mathematical operations, and the calculation of directions and magnitudes.

Uploaded by

chwe hansol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vectors

CONTENT STANDARD
1. Vectors and vector addition
2. Components of vectors
3. Unit vectors
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. Differentiate vector and scalar quantities
2. Perform addition of vectors
3. Rewrite a vector in component form
4. Calculate directions and magnitudes of vectors
I. Differentiate vector and scalar
quantities

Scalar Quantities
Scalar quantities are those that only
have magnitude (size or amount) but no
direction. Think of a scalar as a simple
number that tells you "how much" of
something there is.
Some examples of scalar quantities
include:

Temperature: When we say it's 75


degrees Fahrenheit outside, we're using
a scalar quantity. It tells us how hot or
cold it is, but not in which direction.
Mass: The mass of an object, like saying
a book weighs 2 kilograms, is a scalar. It
doesn't have a direction, just an amount.

Time: When you say a race took 10


seconds, you're using a scalar quantity. Time
doesn't have a direction, only a duration.
Vector Quantities

Vector quantities, on the other hand,


have both magnitude and direction. They
tell us not only "how much," but also
"which way."
Some examples of vector quantities
include:

Velocity: If you say a car is traveling


at 60 miles per hour north, you're using a
vector quantity. It includes both the speed
(magnitude) and the direction of travel.
Force: When you push a box, you apply
a force in a specific direction. For example,
you might apply a force of 50 Newtons to the
right.

Displacement: If you walk 5 meters


east, that's a vector quantity. It includes both
the distance (magnitude) and the direction
you moved.
Key Differences

Representation: Scalars can be


represented by a single number, while
vectors are often represented by arrows
or by numbers with direction indicators.
Mathematical operations: Adding or
subtracting scalars is straightforward, but
with vectors, you need to consider direction
as well.

Real-world applications: Understanding


the difference is crucial in fields like
engineering, where you might need to
calculate things like the total force on an
object (vector) versus its total mass (scalar).
II. Perform addition of vectors

Vector

a quantity having direction as well as


magnitude, especially as determining the
position of one point in space relative to
another.
Vectors play a crucial role in
describing quantities that have both
magnitude and direction. One of the
fundamental operations we can perform
with vectors is addition. This process
allows us to combine multiple vectors to
find a resultant vector, which represents
the overall effect of all the individual
vectors combined.
To understand vector addition, let's
start with a simple example.

Example 1:
Imagine you're on a hike, and you
walk 3 miles east, then 4 miles north.
How far are you from your starting point,
and in what direction?
Here's how we perform vector addition:

Graphical Method:

- Draw the first vector


- From the tip of the first vector, draw the
second vector
- Connect the starting point of the first
vector to the endpoint of the second vector
- This new line is the resultant vector
Example 2:
Practice test

1)

2)

3)
Vector addition is essential in many
real-world applications, such as
calculating forces in physics, determining
resultant velocities in navigation, and
analyzing electrical circuits.
III. Rewrite a vector in component
form
A vector is a quantity that has both
magnitude (size) and direction. While we
often represent vectors graphically as arrows,
we can also express them numerically using
component form. This form breaks down the
vector into its horizontal (x) and vertical (y)
components, making it easier to perform
calculations and analyze vector properties.
Remember, expressing vectors in
component form allows us to perform
vector addition, subtraction, and scalar
multiplication more easily. It's a
fundamental skill that will serve you well
in your future studies and applications of
vector mathematics.
IV. Calculate directions and
magnitudes of vectors

In the world of physics and


mathematics, vectors are powerful tools
that help us describe motion, forces, and
other quantities with both magnitude and
direction.

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