SST Notes Class 5 National Book Foundation

Written by Sir Jawad Tahir – 2024/25

Unit#1 Part – 1 Citizenship & Human Rights

Ǫ1: Define citizenship?
Ans: Citizenship means being a member of a country and helping to make it a better place
by following rules, respecting others, and being kind!

Ǫ2: What is meant by equal rights?

Ans: Equal rights mean everyone gets treated fairly and has the same opportunities, no
matter what they look like, where they come from, or who they are!

Ǫ3: List three etiquettes of daily life that we should perform.

Ans: Here are the three etiquettes of daily life briefly:
1. Say "Please" and "Thank You".
2. Cover your mouth when coughing/sneezing.
3. Share your toys and take turns.

Ǫ4: What is the importance of freedom of expression. Should there be freedom of

expression?
Ans: Freedom of expression means we can share our thoughts and ideas without fear. It
helps us express our feelings and be ourselves. We should have freedom of expression so we
can speak up and be heard. It makes our country a fair and happy place for everyone!

Ǫ5: What are the ways to establish peace? Express your views as a student on it.
Ans: We can establish peace by being kind to one another and respecting each other's
feelings. We should also share and take turns to avoid fights. Talking gently and listening
carefully helps to resolve conflicts.
Unit No. 2 Part – 1 Culture and Diversity
Q1: What do you mean by culture?
Ans: Culture is the shared beliefs, practices, values, and behaviors of a group of people that shape their way
of life.

Q2: Name different cultural groups find in Pakistan?

Ans: In Pakistan, there are several cultural groups, including:
1. Punjabis
2. Sindhis
3. Pashtuns
4. Baloch
5. Muhajirs
6. Kashmiris
7. Hazaras
8. Saraikis

Q3: Define interfaith harmony?

Ans: Interfaith harmony is the peaceful and respectful coexistence and cooperation between people of
different religions.

Q4: What do you mean by inclusion? Write its benefits.

Ans: Inclusion means making sure everyone is valued and involved, no matter their background or
differences.
Benefits of inclusion:
1. Builds a sense of belonging.
2. Enhances teamwork and creativity.
3. Creates a fairer environment for all.

Q5: Define harmony. Write a note on Pakistan's Religious interfaith harmony.

Ans: Harmony is when different people or groups live together peacefully and respectfully.
Pakistan promotes religious interfaith harmony by encouraging respect and understanding among people of
different religions. Despite challenges, efforts are made to support peaceful coexistence and mutual respect
between various religious communities in the country.

Q6: Which thing you like most in the culture of other provinces and areas of Pakistan.
Why?
Ans: I like the hospitality in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa because people are very welcoming and generous. In
Sindh, I admire the beautiful Sufi music and poetry that connects people. In Punjab, the vibrant festivals
and colorful traditions are joyful. In Baluchistan, I appreciate the strong sense of community and deep
respect for elders.

Q7: To which area of Pakistan do you belong to? Discuss few of its characteristics.
Ans: As I am from Punjab, here are a few characteristics of the area:
1. Festivals: Punjab celebrates lively festivals like Basant and Vaisakhi with colorful events and music.
2. Cuisine: The region is famous for its hearty dishes like parathas, biryani, and lassi.
3. Heritage: Punjab has a rich history, with notable landmarks such as the Lahore Fort and Badshahi
Mosque.
Unit # 2 Part – 2 Means of Communication
Ǫ1: what is meant by means of communication.
Ans: Means of communication are ways we share our thoughts and ideas with others, like
talking, writing, drawing, or using phones and computers!

Ǫ2: Name the 5 modern means of communication. Ans: Here are 5 modern means of
communication:
1. Phone
2. Computer
3. Tablet
4. Internet
5. Television

Ǫ3: State any two advantages and disadvantages of using internet.

Ans: Here are two advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:
- Learn new things
- Talk to friends far away
Disadvantages:
- Bad for eyes
- Shows bad things

Ǫ4: Explain what is meant by social media and state its importance.
Ans: Social media is a way for people to share and talk to each other on the internet. It's like
a big group chat where you can share pictures, videos, and messages with friends and family.
It helps us stay connected.

Ǫ5: What role television and radio play in conveying information and knowledge?
Ans: Television and radio help us learn new things by showing and telling us stories, news,
and ideas. They bring information from far away. They also entertain and educate us, making
learning fun and easy!

Ǫ6: Give examples of the types of media that provides widespread information with
examples.
Ans: Newspapers and magazines are types of media that provide widespread information,
like news and articles. Internet websites and social media platforms like Google and
Facebook also share information with many people. They help to spread information to lots
of people at once!
Unit No. 3 State and Government
Q1: Why is the federal government necessary in Pakistan?
Ans: The federal government is necessary in Pakistan to manage national matters like defense, foreign
policy, and economic planning, ensuring unity and coordination across provinces.

Q2: What is meant by upper house and lower house in Pakistani government?
Ans: In Pakistan, the upper house is the Senate, which represents the provinces, and the lower house is the
National Assembly, where members are elected by the people.

Q3: Make a list of the powers of the provincial government in Pakistan?

Ans: 1. Education and Health: Provincial governments manage schools, universities, and hospitals.
2. Law and Order: They control the police and maintain law and order within their province.
3. Local Infrastructure: They handle roads, public transport, and other local development projects.

Q4: Examine the functions of legislature executive and judiciary in Pakistan.

Ans: 1. Legislature: The legislature, made up of the National Assembly and Senate, creates and passes laws
for the country.

2. Executive: The executive, led by the Prime Minister and President, implements laws and manages the
day-to-day affairs of the government.
3. Judiciary: The judiciary interprets laws, ensuring they are applied fairly, and resolves legal disputes.

Q5: Explain the meaning and importance of Constitution in Pakistan.

Ans: The Constitution of Pakistan is the supreme law that outlines the structure of the government and the
rights of citizens. It ensures that everyone, including the government, follows the law. The Constitution is
important because it protects freedoms, promotes justice, and maintains order in the country.

Q6: Explain the function of political parties in Pakistan.

1. Represent People’s Views: Political parties represent the interests and opinions of different groups in
society.
2. Form Government: They participate in elections to win seats and form the government.
3. Policy Making: Political parties propose and promote policies to address national issues and improve the
country.

Q7: Write the names of any 3 ministries and their ministers in Pakistan.
Ans: Here are three ministries in Pakistan and their current ministers:

1. Ministry of Defence: Khawaja Muhammad Asif

2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mohammad Ishaq Dar
3. Ministry of Planning, Development, and Special Initiatives: Ahsan Iqbal
Unit No. 4 History – Lesson Part- 1 Beginning of Civilization
SHORT Questions

Q1. What is the importance of the Nile River in Egyptian civilization?

The Nile River was important because it provided water, food, and helped farmers grow crops.

Q2. Who were pharaohs?

Pharaohs were the kings or rulers of ancient Egypt.

Q3. Write down the reasons for the decline of the Egyptian civilization.
Egyptian civilization declined because of wars, loss of power, and changes in climate that made farming
hard.

LONG Questions

Q1. Write the timelines of Mesopotamia, Egyptian Civilization, indus valley civilization and
Gandhara Civilization?
Ans: From Book

Q2: Compare the Egyptian civilization with your present life.

Ans: Here is the comparison of Egyptian Civilization with present life:

1. Egyptians used the Nile River for water, just like we use taps and bottles for our water today.

2. They built huge pyramids, while we have tall buildings, houses, and schools around us now.

3. Pharaohs were the rulers of Egypt, and today, we have leaders like presidents and prime ministers.

4. Egyptians wrote on papyrus with special pens, and now we use notebooks, tablets, and computers
to write and learn.
Unit No. 4 History – Lesson Part- 2 Historical Personalities of Pakistan

SHORT Questions
Q1. What is meant by the “Two Nation Theory” and who is the founder of this
theory?
Ans. The Two Nation Theory means that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations
in India. Their customs, religions and traditions are different from each other, so
they cannot coexist in the same place. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is the founder of this
theory.

Q2. The name of Pakistan was suggested by Who and when?

Ans. The name of Pakistan was suggested by Chaudhry Rehmat Ali Khan on 28 January
1933.

Q3. Who founded the Islamic College Peshawar and what is which historical significance?
Ans: In 1913, Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan founded the Islamia College Peshawar. It
created political awareness among Pakhtoon. Students of Islamia College Peshawar
took full part in the Pakistan movement and supported the Pakistan Resolution.

Long Questions
Q1. What Services did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan render for the Muslim Awakening of the subcontinent?

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan worked to uplift Muslims in the subcontinent through education and social reforms.
He founded Aligarh Muslim University to promote modern education among Muslims. He also advocated
for social and political rights, encouraging Muslims to adapt to changing times.

Q2. Write a note on the Political and Social Services of Begum Rana Liaqat Ali Khan?

Begum Rana Liaqat Ali Khan was a prominent figure in Pakistan’s independence movement and women’s
rights. She organized women and established Pakistan's first women's volunteer organization, APWA. She
played a key role in social reforms, especially for women’s empowerment and education.

Q3. How did the people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Decide to Join Pakistan?

The people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa decided to join Pakistan through a referendum held in 1947. The
majority voted in favor of Pakistan, aligning with the vision of a separate Muslim state. This decision was
influenced by the strong support of local leaders and the Muslim League.
Unit No. 5 Lesson Part- 1 Geography – Map Skills and Globe
Q1: Define lines of latitude?
Ans:
Lines of Latitude:
1) Imaginary lines drawn as parallel on a map or globe from East to West are called lines of latitudes.
2) These lines are 180° in total.
3) 90° degrees in the South and 90° in the north of equator.
4) The 0°latitude is called the Equator

Q2. Define lines of longitude?

Ans:
Lines of longitude:
1. Imaginary lines drawn on globe or map from North to South these are called lines of longitudes.
2. These lines are 360 in numbers.
3. 180 degrees in East and 180 degrees in the West of prima meridian.
4. The 0° longitude is called the Prime Meridian.

Q3. what is meant by equator and prime meridian?

Ans:
Equator:
The O° laitude is known as equator. This line divides the globe in to two equal halves as Northern and
Southern hemisphere.
Prime Meridian:
1. The 0° longitude is known as prime meridian.
2. The prime meridian help to determine time and time differences.
3. The 0° Prime meridian is located at Greenwich near London (this line was determined in 1884)

Detailed Questions

Q1 Explain the difference between a Tourist map and a Road map?

Ans.
Tourist map:
Tourist maps are designed for tourists. Such maps provide information on possible travel routes, on the
locations of specific landmarks and on the availability of tourist services and transport and areas of interest
with a given place.
Road map:
A road map is a map that shows highways, railways and various routes of a particular area.

Q2 Why is a scale used on map? Write about types of scale?

Ans:
Scale:
Scale is the ratio between ground distance and map distance. This scale is always at the bottom of the map.
There are three main types or ways to show the scale. There are three types of Scale.
1. Linear Scale:
This scale is always shown in the form of line that is divided into subdivision. The first division is always
marked as 0 (zero).
2. Statement of Scale:
This scale is always shown in the form of statement e.g. 1cm=1Km and 1”=4miles
3. Representative Fraction:
This is an international scale. Distance is represented through fraction on this scale. Numerator of this
fraction is always 1 that shows distance on the map. Whereas, the denominator of this fraction represents
the distance on ground. This scale is presented through fraction or through Ratio it is commonly known as
RF (Representative Fractions). The basic formula is 1/63360 (1mile=63360”).
Unit No. 5 Lesson Part- 2 Geography – Physical Features of Pakistan
Q1. Define Physical Region?
Ans:
Physical Region:
The region in which the structure of the external earth, climate, plants, civilization of the people, etc., are
common is called a physical region.

Q2. Write the names of the physical regions of Pakistan.

Ans:
Physical regions of Pakistan:
1. Mountain Range:
2. Plateaus:
3. Plains:
4. Deserts:
5. Coastal Area

Q3. Write the names of the important rivers of the Balochistan Plateau.
Ans:
Important rivers of Balochistan:
1. River Zob
2. River Purali
3. River Hangol
4. River Dash
5. River Hub

Q4. Write three sentences about K2.

Ans:
1. K2 is the highest peak of Pakistan.
2. It is located in the Karakoram Range.
3. It is also called Godwin Austin.
4. Its height is 8,611 meters from the sea level.
5. Siachen Glacier, Baltoro Glacier, and Biafo Glacier are located in this region.

Q5. What is the significance of Gwadar Port?

Ans:
Gwadar Port:
1. Gwadar sea port is located in Balochistan.
2. In the future, it will become an important center of economic activities and trade routes.
3. This sea port is an important part of CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor).
This project will promote trade and business between China and Pakistan.

LONG QUESTIONS

Write the answers of the following questions in detail

Q1. Write a comprehensive note on the plain areas of Pakistan?

Ans:
Plain:
A plain is a flat area on the surface of the Earth. The plains of Pakistan are divided into two parts:

1. Upper Indus Plain

2. Lower Indus Plain
1. Upper Indus Plain:

 The upper area of the Indus River covers most of the province of Punjab.
 The Upper Indus Plain stretches from Kalabagh (Mianwali) to Mithan Kot near Bahawalpur
(Punjab), where all five rivers join together.

Characteristics:

 This region is also called the land of five rivers.

 The plain is made of soft and fertile soil brought down by rivers.
 These rivers include the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej.
 There is a network of canals to irrigate the arable land.

2. Lower Indus Plain:

 Below Mithan Kot till Thatta, where the Indus forms its delta, the area is called the Lower
Indus Plain.
 The Indus River flows as a mighty single river before falling into the Arabian Sea.

Characteristics:

 This plain is very fertile and is irrigated by the Indus River.

 The eastern part of the plain consists of the desert area of Thar, which is a dry sandy desert.

Q2. Compare the lives of people living in mountainous areas with those living in desert
areas?

Mountainous Area Desert Area

1. There is severe cold in winter as it snows. Summer is
1. The desert is the hottest area of the country.
moderate.
2. People wear thick and woolen clothes. 2. People wear light clothes.
3. Camels, goats, and sheep are the major source
3. Tourism is a great source of income.
of income.
4. Agriculture is impossible due to a lack of availability
4. Agriculture is possible in the valleys.
of water.

Q3. What is the importance of the diverse physical characteristics of Pakistan in terms of
tourism?
Ans:
Q3. What is the importance of the diverse physical characteristics of Pakistan in terms of
tourism?
Ans:
The importance of diverse physical features of Pakistan in terms of tourism is:

 Its snowcapped mountains,

 Its scenic beauties,
 Lush green meadows,
 Hill stations,
 Beautiful valleys of Kaghan and Swat,
 Lakes and rivers.
Fill Column B

Column A Column B
The highest peak of Karakoram. K-2
The highest peak of Himalayas. Nanga Parbat
The highest peak of Hindukush. Tirch Mir
The important passes of Pakistan in the Khyber Pass, Kurram Pass, Tochi Pass, Gomal
western mountain ranges. Pass, and Bolan Pass
The biggest salt mine of Pakistan. Khewra (District Jhelum)
Highest sea peak of Suleiman mountains. Takht-e-Suleman
Karachi Port, Bin Qasim Port, Gwadar Port, Pasni
The important sea ports of Pakistan.
Port, and Jewani Port
Unit No. 5 Lesson Part- 3 Geography – Weather and Climate
Q1. What is the difference between weather and climate?
Ans:
Weather:
The state of the surrounding environment at a particular place and time is called Weather.

Climate:
The average weather condition of a space for a long time is called Climate.

Q2. Write any two effects of human activities on climate?

Ans:
Effect of human activities on climate:

1. Increase in carbon dioxide and decrease Oxygen in the atmosphere.

2. Contribute to Global Warming and climate change

Q3. What are natural disasters? Write a few examples.

Ans:
Natural Disaster:
Natural events that cause great damage or loss of life and property are called natural disasters.

Examples:

1. Flood
2. Earthquake
3. Cyclone
4. Volcanic eruption
5. Land sliding
6. Droughts
7. Famine

LONG QUESTIONS

Q1. How does distance from the equator, Altitude, Sea level, Ocean current, and direction
affect climate?
Ans:
Distance from the equator:

1. Area close to the equator has high temperatures because the sun's rays fall vertically at the
equator.
For example, Brazil, Indonesia, etc., are located along the equator and have the same
temperature throughout the year.
2. As we move away from the equator, the rays become slanting and the temperature falls.
For example, Canada, Denmark, Russia, etc., remain cold for nine months in a year.

Altitude:
 1. As we move higher, the temperature decreases. Mountainous areas higher than sea level
have a colder climate.
For example, the climate in mountainous areas is cold.
2. The climate in the plains is relatively warmer.
For example, Murree is much cooler than Karachi and Lahore.

Ocean Current:
The constant flow of water in the sea is called ocean current or naval flow.

Type of Ocean Currents:

1. Warm water current

2. Cold water current

Warm water currents make the temperature of coastal areas high or milder, while cold water
currents reduce the temperature of the surrounding coastal areas.

Direction of Winds:
Winds always blow from high-pressure to low-pressure areas. If the winds are coming from the
oceans or seas, they will contain moisture and cause rain on the coastal areas. If there is a
hindrance, the winds blow from land to sea; they are dry and cold, causing changes in temperature.

Q2. Define global warming. Write a few lines about it.

Ans:
Global warming:
An increase in global temperature due to the greenhouse effect is called global warming.

Our earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases called the atmosphere. The rays of the sun pass
through this cover of gases to the earth. A certain percentage of the rays are absorbed by the Earth,
and some percentage is turned back. When these rays turn back, they cannot escape the cover of
the atmosphere because of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. In this way, they
cause an increase in the temperature of the Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect, and these
gases are also called greenhouse gases.

Effects of Global Warming:

1. Melting of glaciers.
2. Rise in sea level.
3. Severe weather conditions.
4. Increase in skin and respiratory diseases.
Unit No. 6 Lesson Part- 1 Economics
Q1. Difference between Public and Private Goods and Services:
Public goods and services are for everyone, like parks and roads. Private goods and
services are for individuals who pay for them, like a personal car or a private school.

Q2. Meaning of Imports and Exports:

Imports are goods we buy from other countries, like machines. Exports are goods we
sell to other countries, like clothes or rice.

Q3. Suggestions to Increase Pakistan’s Exports:

Make better quality products, advertise them globally, and trade more with other
countries.

Q4. Explain what is Inflation? Explain the types of Inflation with Examples.
Inflation is when the prices of goods and services rise over time, making things more
expensive.
Types of Inflation:

Demand-Pull Inflation: Prices rise because people want more goods, e.g., high
demand for houses.

Cost-Push Inflation: Prices rise because production costs increase, e.g., expensive
fuel raises transport costs.

Q5. What is meant by Scarcity and how does it arise? Also write how it can be
controlled?
Scarcity is when we don’t have enough of something, like food, water, or money, to
meet everyone’s needs. It happens because resources are limited.
How to Control Scarcity:
Use resources carefully, grow more food, and make sure everyone shares fairly.

Q6. Write Pakistani Imports and Exports. Also write the names of countries
from which goods are imported and exported.

Pakistan Imports: Machinery, petroleum, chemicals, electronics, and iron from

China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, USA, and Indonesia.

Pakistan Exports: Textiles, rice, surgical instruments, sports goods, and fruits to
USA, China, UK, Germany, and Afghanistan.
Lesson Part 2. Evolution of Money/Entrepreneurship

Q1. What does barter system means?

The barter system means exchanging goods or services directly without using
money.

Q2. What do you think the trend of carrying money is pocket is reducing?
The trend of carrying money in pockets is reducing due to the rise of digital
payments and cashless transactions.

Q3. Write the names of central banks of any three countries.

Federal Reserve (USA), State Bank of Pakistan (Pakistan), and European Central
Bank (EU).

Q4. What do you know about the history of coins and currency notes in the sub-
continent.

In the subcontinent, coins were first used during ancient times, made of silver, gold,
and copper. The Maurya Empire introduced standardized coins, while the Mughal
era saw beautifully designed coins. During British rule, modern currency notes and
coins were introduced. After independence, Pakistan and India developed their own
currencies.

Q5. Explain what is role of banks in people’s life

Banks play a vital role in people's lives by providing a safe place to save money and
earn interest. They offer loans to individuals and businesses for various needs like
education, housing, and investments. Banks facilitate transactions through services
like online banking, ATMs, and money transfers. They also promote economic
growth by managing funds and supporting financial stability.

Q6. Write the names of currencies of different countries

Names of Currencies of different Countries

1. Saudi Arabia: Saudi Riyal

2. UAE: UAE Dirham
3. Turkey: Turkish Lira
4. Thailand: Thai Baht
5. Korea: South Korean Won
6. Malaysia: Malaysian Ringgit
7. Canada: Canadian Dollar
8. Kuwait: Kuwaiti Dinar