NumPy
Introduction to Python
Hugo Bowne-
Anderson
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Lists Recap
• Powerful
• Collection of values
• Hold different types
• Change, add, remove
• Need for Data Science
o Mathematical operations over collections
o Speed
Illustration
height = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79]
height
[1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79]
weight = [65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]
weight
[65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]
weight / height ** 2
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'list'
and 'int'
Solution: NumPy
• Numeric Python
• Alternative to Python List: NumPy Array
• Calculations over entire arrays
• Easy and Fast
• Installation
o In the terminal: pip3 install numpy
NumPy
import numpy as np
np_height = np.array(height)
np_height
array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
np_weight = np.array(weight)
np_weight
array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])
bmi = np_weight / np_height ** 2 bmi
array([21.85171573, 20.97505669, 21.75028214, 24.7473475 ,
21.44127836])
Comparison
height = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79]
weight = [65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]
weight / height ** 2
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'list'
and 'int'
np_height = np.array(height)
np_weight = np.array(weight)
np_weight / np_height ** 2
array([21.85171573, 20.97505669, 21.75028214, 24.7473475 ,
21.44127836])
NumPy: remarks
np.array([1.0, "is", True])
array(['1.0', 'is', 'True'], dtype='<U32')
• NumPy arrays: contain only one type
NumPy: remarks
python_list = [1, 2, 3]
numpy_array = np.array([1, 2, 3])
python_list + python_list
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
numpy_array + numpy_array
array([2, 4, 6])
• Different types: different behavior!
NumPy Subsetting
bmi
array([21.85171573, 20.97505669, 21.75028214, 24.7473475 , 21.44127836])
bmi[1]
20.975
bmi > 23
array([False, False, False, True, False])
bmi[bmi > 23]
array([24.7473475])
Questions?
2D NumPy Arrays
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
Hugo Bowne-
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Anderson
Type of NumPy Arrays
import numpy as np
np_height = np.array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
np_weight = np.array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])
type(np_height)
numpy.ndarray
type(np_weight)
numpy.ndarray
2D NumPy Arrays
np_2d = np.array([[1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])
np_2d
array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[65.4 , 59.2 , 63.6 , 88.4 , 68.7 ]])
np_2d.shape
(2, 5) # 2 rows, 5 columns
2D NumPy Arrays
np.array([[1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, "68.7"]])
array([['1.73', '1.68', '1.71', '1.89', '1.79'],
['65.4', '59.2', '63.6', '88.4', '68.7']], dtype='<U32')
Subsetting
array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[ 65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])
np_2d[0]
array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
Subsetting
array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[ 65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])
np_2d[0][2]
1.71
np_2d[0, 2]
1.71
Subsetting
array([[ 1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79],
[ 65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7]])
np_2d[:, 1:3]
array([[ 1.68, 1.71],
[59.2 , 63.6 ]])
np_2d[1, :]
array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])
Questions?
NumPy: Basic
Statistics
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
Hugo Bowne-
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Anderson
Data analysis
• Get to know your data
• Little data ->simply look at it
• Big data -> ?
City-wide survey
import numpy as np
np_city = ... # Implementation left out
np_city
array([[1.64, 71.78],
[1.37, 63.35],
[1.6 , 55.09],
...,
[2.04, 74.85],
[2.04, 68.72],
[2.01, 73.57]])
NumPy
np.mean(np_city[:, 0])
1.7472
np.median(np_city[:, 0])
1.75
NumPy
np.corrcoef(np_city[:, 0], np_city[:, 1])
array([[ 1. , -0.01802],
[-0.01803, 1. ]])
np.std(np_city[:, 0])
0.1992
• sum(), sort(), ...
• Enforce single data type: speed!
Generate data
• Arguments for np.random.normal()
o distribution mean
o distribution standard deviation
o number of samples
height = np.round(np.random.normal(1.75, 0.20, 5000), 2)
weight = np.round(np.random.normal(60.32, 15, 5000), 2)
np_city = np.column_stack((height, weight))
Let's practice!
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
