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Unit 4 Python

The document provides detailed explanations and examples of various Python programming concepts, including method overriding, static methods, built-in class attributes, threading, constructors, single inheritance, and multiple inheritance. Each section includes example code to illustrate the concepts. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding these fundamental programming principles in Python.

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5 views

Unit 4 Python

The document provides detailed explanations and examples of various Python programming concepts, including method overriding, static methods, built-in class attributes, threading, constructors, single inheritance, and multiple inheritance. Each section includes example code to illustrate the concepts. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding these fundamental programming principles in Python.

Uploaded by

robrayl02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are the detailed answers with example programs:

1. Method Overriding with Example

Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method


that is already defined in its superclass. The method in the subclass should have the same
name, return type, and parameters as in the superclass.

Example:

class Parent:
def show(self):
print("This is the Parent class")

class Child(Parent):
def show(self): # Overriding the parent class method
print("This is the Child class")

# Creating objects
p = Parent()
p.show() # Output: This is the Parent class

c = Child()
c.show() # Output: This is the Child class

2. Static Methods with Example

A static method in Python is a method that does not receive an implicit reference to an
instance or class. It is defined using the @staticmethod decorator.

Example:

class MathOperations:
@staticmethod
def add(a, b):
return a + b

# Calling static method without creating an instance


result = MathOperations.add(5, 10)
print("Sum:", result) # Output: Sum: 15

3. Built-in Class Attributes with Example

Python provides built-in attributes for classes. Some common built-in attributes are:

• __dict__: Stores the class attributes.


• __name__: Returns the class name.
• __module__: Returns the module name.
• __bases__: Returns the base classes.
Example:

class Sample:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

# Creating an object
obj = Sample("Python")

# Accessing built-in class attributes


print("Class Dictionary:", Sample.__dict__)
print("Class Name:", Sample.__name__)
print("Module Name:", Sample.__module__)
print("Base Classes:", Sample.__bases__)

4. Define Thread and Implement Using _thread Module

A thread is a lightweight process that allows a program to run multiple tasks concurrently.

Example using _thread Module:

import _thread
import time

# Function to run in a thread


def print_numbers():
for i in range(5):
print("Number:", i)
time.sleep(1)

# Creating a new thread


_thread.start_new_thread(print_numbers, ())

# Allowing main thread to continue execution


time.sleep(6)
print("Main thread execution finished")

5. Constructor & Parameterized Constructor

A constructor in Python is a special method (__init__) used to initialize an object when it


is created. A parameterized constructor accepts arguments to initialize an object with
specific values.

Example:

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age): # Parameterized constructor
self.name = name
self.age = age

def display(self):
print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")

# Creating objects with different values


p1 = Person("Alice", 25)
p2 = Person("Bob", 30)

p1.display() # Output: Name: Alice, Age: 25


p2.display() # Output: Name: Bob, Age: 30

6. Program to Implement Single Inheritance

Single inheritance means a child class inherits from a single parent class.

Example:

class Animal:
def speak(self):
print("Animals make sounds")

class Dog(Animal): # Inheriting from Animal


def bark(self):
print("Dog barks")

# Creating an object of Dog


d = Dog()
d.speak() # Output: Animals make sounds
d.bark() # Output: Dog barks

7. Multiple Inheritance

Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.

Example:

class Father:
def father_traits(self):
print("Father's traits")

class Mother:
def mother_traits(self):
print("Mother's traits")

class Child(Father, Mother): # Inheriting from both Father and Mother


def child_traits(self):
print("Child has both traits")

# Creating an object of Child


c = Child()
c.father_traits() # Output: Father's traits
c.mother_traits() # Output: Mother's traits
c.child_traits() # Output: Child has both traits

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