GROUP 4 MEE 32 - MECHATRONICS

MICROPROCESSORS &
MICROCONTROLLERS
PRESENTED BY BAYLOSIS, DINOPOL,
FRANCISCO, FUTALAN, AND OBAÑANA
 INTRODUCTION
In the modern era of computing and embedded
systems, microprocessors and microcontrollers play a
crucial role in powering various electronic devices.
These compact yet powerful chips are the backbone of
digital systems, enabling complex computations and
control functions.
MICROPROCESSOR

A microprocessor is the central unit of a computing

system, designed primarily for general-purpose tasks
such as executing programs, processing data, and
managing complex calculations.
 MICROCONTROLLER

A self-contained system that integrates a processor,

memory, and input/output peripherals into a single chip.
It is specifically designed for embedded applications,
where it controls specific tasks within a device.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the brain of both microprocessors and microcontrollers. It
consists of:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs mathematical and logical
operations.
Control Unit (CU): Directs the flow of data and coordinates
instructions.
Registers: Temporary storage locations for fast data access.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

2. Memory (RAM and ROM)

Random Access Memory (RAM): Used for temporary data storage
during execution. Microprocessors use external RAM, while
microcontrollers typically have built-in RAM.
Read-Only Memory (ROM): Stores firmware or program instructions
permanently. Microcontrollers integrate ROM, while microprocessors
rely on external ROM or flash storage.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

3. Input/Output (I/O) Ports

Microprocessors need external I/O controllers to connect with

peripherals.
Microcontrollers have built-in I/O ports to interact with sensors,
displays, motors, and other devices.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

4. Clock Generator

Provides timing signals to synchronize the operations of the processor.

Determines the speed at which instructions are executed, measured in
MHz or GHz.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

5. Timers and Counters (Primarily in Microcontrollers)

Used for time-based operations such as delays, event counting, and

pulse width modulation (PWM) in embedded applications.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

6. Communication Interfaces
Enable data exchange between the processor/microcontroller and
external devices. Common protocols include:
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): Serial
communication between devices.
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): High-speed communication with
peripherals like sensors and displays.
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): Multi-device communication over a
shared bus.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

7. Interrupt Controller

Handles external and internal events that require immediate attention,

such as button presses or sensor inputs.
Ensures efficient multitasking and responsiveness in real-time
applications.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

8. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital-to-

Analog Converter (DAC)
ADC: Converts analog signals (e.g., temperature or voltage levels) into
digital form for processing.
DAC: Converts digital signals into analog output, useful for audio and
motor control applications.
 KEY COMPONENTS OF MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

9. Power Supply Unit

Ensures a stable voltage supply for proper functioning.

Microcontrollers often support low-power operation for battery-
powered devices.
 EXAMPLES OF
MICROPROCESSORS
 INTEL 8086
WHAT IS IT?
A groundbreaking 16-bit microprocessor
released in 1978, it laid the foundation for
the x86 architecture, which is still widely
used today.
APPLICATIONS
-Found in early IBM personal computers
(PCs).
-Used in embedded systems for industrial
machinery in the late 1970s and 1980s.
 MOTOROLA 68000
WHAT IS IT?
The Motorola 68000 series (also known as 680x0,
m68000, m68k, or 68k) is a family of 32-bit
complex instruction set computer (CISC)
microprocessors. During the 1980s and early
1990s, they were popular in personal computers
and workstations and were the primary
competitors of Intel's x86 microprocessors.

APPLICATIONS
-Powered early Apple Macintosh
computers like the Macintosh 128K.
-Used in gaming consoles such as the
Sega Genesis/Mega Drive and the
Commodore Amiga.
 MOARM CORTEX-M SERIESTOROLA
WHAT IS IT? 68000
is a series of cores optimized for
power efficiency and deterministic
operation.
APPLICATIONS
-Utilized in IoT devices like smart home
systems (e.g., smart thermostats or door
locks).
-Found in wearables like fitness trackers
and smartwatches.
-Commonly used in automotive systems
for engine control or infotainment.
 AMD RYZEN
WHAT IS IT?
is a brand of multi-core x86-64
microprocessors, designed and marketed
by AMD for desktop, mobile, server, and
embedded platforms, based on the Zen
microarchitecture.

APPLICATIONS
-Found in high-performance gaming PCs,
like those used for 4K gaming or virtual
reality (VR).
-Integrated into workstations for video
editing, 3D rendering, and other
resource-intensive tasks.
 INTEL CORE I SERIES
WHAT IS IT?
Intel is the most popular within the market
and it has a series of processors which
include the Core i3. Core i5, Core i7 and the
Core i9; the 'i' means high level and it also
categories the processors which helps
differentiate the processors within the
generation.
APPLICATIONS
-Widely used in consumer laptops such
as Dell XPS, HP Spectre, or MacBooks
(Intel-based models).
-Found in desktops for office productivity
and gaming setups, like Lenovo
ThinkCentre or custom-built PCs.
 EXAMPLES OF
MICROCONTROLLERS
WHAT IT IS?
ARDUINO
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller platform designed for
easy prototyping and embedded system development. It consists
of hardware (microcontroller boards) and software (Arduino IDE),
making it accessible for beginners and professionals alike.

APPLICATION
Used in robotic arms, autonomous vehicles, automation systems,
and DIY mechatronics projects

EXAMPLES
Arduino Uno (ATmega328P), Arduino Nano, Arduino Due
Arduino Mega 2560 , Arduino MKR WiFi 1010, etc.
WHAT IT IS?
ESP32
It is a powerful, low-cost microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth, developed by Espressif Systems. A versatile
microcontroller that enables wireless connectivity, edge computing,
and real-time data processing, making it ideal for modern
embedded systems

APPLICATION
Ideal for IoT-based mechatronics projects, such as remote-
controlled robots, smart automation systems, and wireless sensor
networks.

EXAMPLES
ESP32-WROOM-32, ESP32-WROVER, ESP32-PICO-D4, ESP32
DevKit V1, ESP32-CAM, etc.
WHAT IT IS?
STM32
STM32 is a high-performance, ARM Cortex-based
microcontroller developed by STMicroelectronics. It is widely
used in industrial, automotive, and mechatronics applications
due to its processing power, low energy consumption, and
real-time capabilities.

APPLICATION
Used in industrial robotics, CNC machines, drone controllers, and
high-speed motor control applications due to its advanced
processing capabilities.

EXAMPLES
STM32F103 (Blue Pill), STM32F030 (Black Pill), STM32F401
(Nucleo-F401RE), STM32F407 Discovery, etc.
 PIC
(Peripheral Interface Controller)
WHAT IT IS?
PIC microcontrollers are a family of low-power, high-performance
microcontrollers developed by Microchip Technology. Known for
their flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and real-time processing
capabilities

APPLICATION
Found in automated manufacturing systems, sensor-based controls,
and embedded control applications in industrial automation.

EXAMPLES
PIC16F877A, PIC16F84A, PIC24FJ64GA002, dsPIC30F4011, etc.
WHAT IT IS?
MSP430
MSP430 is a low-power, 16-bit microcontroller family developed by
Texas Instruments (TI). It is designed for ultra-low-power
applications, making it ideal for battery-operated and energy-
efficient devices. Widely used in power-sensitive embedded
applications due to its high efficiency, low energy consumption, and
reliable performance.

APPLICATION
Suitable for low-power robotics, wearable mechatronic devices, and
precision sensing systems.

EXAMPLES
MSP430G2553, MSP430F5529, MSP430FR2311,
MSP430F2618, etc.
 RENESES (RX Series)
WHAT IT IS?
The Renesas RX Series is a family of high-performance 32-bit
microcontrollers (MCUs) designed for industrial, automotive, and IoT
applications. It features a proprietary RX CPU core that delivers a
balance of high processing power and low power consumption.

APPLICATION
Used in robotic arms, factory automation, and automotive
mechatronic systems such as electronic power steering and
transmission control.

EXAMPLES
RX130, RX231, RX651, RX66T, RX72M, etc.
 MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS
MEE 32 - MECHATRONICS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROPROCESSORS

&
MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS MEE 32 - MECHATRONICS

MICROPROCESSORS
COMPONENTS MICROCONTROLLERS
RAM, ROM, I/O units, and other peripherals RAM, ROM, CPU and other peripherals are
are not embedded on a single chip. embedded on a single chip.
It is a central processing unit on a single It is a byproduct of the development of
silicon-based integrated chip. microprocessors with a CPU along with other
Since memory and I/O are connected peripherals.
externally, the circuit becomes large in size. Since memory and I/O are present together,
Uses an external bus. the internal circuit is small in size.
Uses an internal controlling bus.
MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS MEE 32 - MECHATRONICS

MICROPROCESSORS
USES MICROCONTROLLERS
It cannot be used in compact systems It can be used in compact systems.
It is not suitable for devices that run on stored It can be used on devices that use stored
power since total power consumption is high power since total power consumption is low
due to external components. due to less external components.
Used in personal computers. Used in embedded systems.
MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS MEE 32 - MECHATRONICS

EXAMPLE
APPLICATIONS OF
MICROPROCESSORS &
MICROCONTROLLERS
 APPLICATIONS OF MICROPROCESSORS

1. HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
Examples:
Smartphones & Tablets – (Apple A-
series, Snapdragon)
Laptops & Desktops – (Intel Core, AMD
Ryzen)
Gaming Consoles – (PlayStation, Xbox)
 APPLICATIONS OF MICROPROCESSORS

2. AUTOMOTIVE
SYSTEM
Examples:
Engine Control Units (ECUs) – (e.g., Bosch, Continental
ECUs)
Infotainment Systems – (e.g., Tesla, BMW iDrive, Android
Auto)
 APPLICATIONS OF MICROPROCESSORS

3. INDUSTRIAL & AEROSPACE

Examples:
Robotic Control Systems – (Automated Assembly Lines, AI-
powered Robots)
Aircraft Navigation & Flight Control Systems – (Boeing,
Airbus Avionics)
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

1. SMART HOME & APPLIANCES

Examples:
Washing Machines – (e.g., LG,
Samsung Smart Washers)
Air Conditioners – (e.g., Daikin,
Carrier Smart ACs)
Smart Locks – (e.g., Yale, August
Smart Locks)
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

2. AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY
SYSTEMS
Examples:
Airbag Deployment – (Bosch Airbag Control
Unit)
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) –
(Continental, ATE ABS Modules
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

3. MEDICAL DEVICES
Examples:
Pacemakers – (e.g., Medtronic,
Abbott Pacemakers)
Blood Pressure Monitors – (e.g.,
Omron Digital BP Monitors)
 GEEKSFORGEEKS. (N.D.). APPLICATION AREA OF
MICROPROCESSORS. APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

REFERENCES
GEEKSFORGEEKS. (N.D.). APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLER.
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

IBM. (N.D.). MICROCONTROLLER VS. MICROPROCESSOR.

APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

NEXTIN. (2023, JANUARY 15). MICROCONTROLLER VS.

MICROPROCESSOR - DIFFERENCES EXPLAINED [VIDEO].
YOUTUBE. APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

SHIKSHA. (N.D.). DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MICROPROCESSOR AND

MICROCONTROLLER. APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS

SHIKSHA. (N.D.). MICROCONTROLLER: TYPES, FUNCTIONS, USES,

CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS. APPLICATIONS OF
MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS MEE 32 - MECHATRONICS

THANK YOU
So Much
BY GROUP 4