R Programming Lab Programs
1) Write a R program for different types of data structures in R.
# Vector
vector_example<- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print("Vector:")
print(vector_example)
# List
list_example<- list(name = "John", age = 30, city = "New York")
print("List:")
print(list_example)
# Matrix
matrix_example<- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
print("Matrix:")
print(matrix_example)
# Data Frame
data_frame_example<- data.frame(
name = c("John", "Alice", "Bob"),
age = c(30, 25, 35),
city = c("New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago")
)
print("Data Frame:")
print(data_frame_example)
# Factor
factor_example<- factor(c("Male", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male"))
print("Factor:")
print(factor_example)
# Array
array_example<- array(1:12, dim = c(3, 2, 2))
print("Array:")
print(array_example)
output:-
[1] Vector:
[1] 1 2 3 4 5
[1] List:
$name
[1] "John"
$age
[1] 30
$city
[1] New York
[1] Matrix:
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 4 7
[2,] 2 5 8
[3,] 3 6 9
[1] Data Frame:
name age city
1 John 30 New York
2 Alice 25 Los Angeles
3 Bob 35 Chicago
[1] Factor:
[1] Male Female Male Female Male
Levels: Female Male
[1] Array:
[ , , 1]
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 4
[2,] 2 5
[3,] 3 6
[ , , 2]
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 7 10
[2,] 8 11
[3,] 9 12
2) Write a R program that include variables, constants, and data types.
# Constants
PI <- 3.14159
GRAVITY <- 9.81
# Variables
name <- "John"
age <- 30
height <- 175.5
is_student<- TRUE
# Printing constants and variables
print("Constants:")
print(PI)
print(GRAVITY)
print("Variables:")
print(name)
print(age)
print(height)
print(is_student)
# Data types
print("Data types:")
print(typeof(name)) # Character
print(typeof(age)) # Integer
print(typeof(height)) # Double
print(typeof(is_student)) # Logical
Output:-
[1] Constants:
[1] 3.14159
[1] 9.81
[1] Variables:
[1] "John"
[1] 30
[1] 175.5
[1] TRUE
[1] "Data types:"
[1] "character"
[1] "double"
[1] "double"
[1] "logical"
3) Write a R program that include different operators, control structures,
default values for arguments, returning complex objects.
# Function to calculate the area and perimeter of a rectangle
calculate_rectangle<- function(length, width = 1)
{
# Calculate area
area <- length * width
# Calculate perimeter
perimeter <- 2 * (length + width)
# Return a list containing area and perimeter
return(list(area = area, perimeter = perimeter))
}
# Function to determine if a number is even or odd
even_or_odd<- function(x)
{
if (x %% 2 == 0)
{
result <- "Even"
}
else
{
result <- "Odd"
}
return(result)
}
# Main code
# Calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle with default width
rectangle1 <- calculate_rectangle(length = 5)
print("Rectangle 1:")
print(rectangle1)
# Calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle with specified width
rectangle2 <- calculate_rectangle(length = 7, width = 3)
print("Rectangle 2:")
print(rectangle2)
# Check if a number is even or odd
number1 <- 10
number2 <- 7
print(paste(number1, "is", even_or_odd(number1)))
print(paste(number2, "is", even_or_odd(number2)))
Output:-
[1] Rectangle 1:
$area
[1] 5
$perimeter
[1] 12
[1] Rectangle 2:
$area
[1] 21
$perimeter
[1] 20
[1] "10 is Even"
[1] "7 is Odd"
4) Write a R program for calculating cumulative sums, and products
minima maxima and calculus.
# Function to calculate cumulative sum
calculate_cumulative_sum<- function(numbers)
{
cum_sum<- cumsum(numbers)
return(cum_sum)
}
# Function to calculate cumulative product
calculate_cumulative_product<- function(numbers)
{
cum_prod<- cumprod(numbers)
return(cum_prod)
}
# Function to find minimum value
find_minimum<- function(numbers)
{
min_val<- min(numbers)
return(min_val)
}
# Function to find maximum value
find_maximum<- function(numbers)
{
max_val<- max(numbers)
return(max_val)
}
# Function to perform calculus (e.g., differentiate)
perform_calculus<- function(func, x, h = 1e-6)
{
derivative <- (func(x + h) - func(x)) / h
return(derivative)
}
# Example function for calculus
# Define a simple quadratic function
quadratic_function<- function(x)
{
return(x^2 + 2*x + 1)
}
# Main code
# Sample numeric vector
numbers <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
# Calculate cumulative sum
cumulative_sum<- calculate_cumulative_sum(numbers)
print("Cumulative Sum:")
print(cumulative_sum)
# Calculate cumulative product
cumulative_product<- calculate_cumulative_product(numbers)
print("Cumulative Product:")
print(cumulative_product)
# Find minimum value
minimum <- find_minimum(numbers)
print("Minimum:")
print(minimum)
# Find maximum value
maximum <- find_maximum(numbers)
print("Maximum:")
print(maximum)
# Perform calculus (differentiate) on the quadratic function at x = 2
derivative <- perform_calculus(quadratic_function, x = 2)
print("Derivative of the quadratic function at x = 2:")
print(derivative)
Output:-
[1] Cumulative Sum:
[1] 1 3 6 10 15
[1] Cumulative Product:
[1] 1 2 6 24 120
[1] Minimum:
[1] 1
[1] Maximum:
[1] 5
[1] Derivative of the quadratic function at x = 2:
[1] 6.000001
5) Write a R program that include linear algebra operations on vectors
and matrices.
# Define two sample vectors
vector1 <- c(1, 2, 3)
vector2 <- c(4, 5, 6)
# Define two sample matrices
matrix1 <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)
matrix2 <- matrix(c(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), nrow = 2, ncol = 3)
# Function to perform vector addition
vector_addition<- function(v1, v2)
{
result <- v1 + v2
return(result)
}
# Function to perform vector addition
vector_subtraction<- function(v1, v2)
{
result <- v1 - v2
return(result)
}
# Function to perform matrix addition
matrix_addition<- function(m1, m2)
{
result <- m1 + m2
return(result)
}
# Function to perform matrix subtraction
matrix_subtraction<- function(m1, m2)
{
result <- m1 - m2
return(result)
}
# Function to perform vector dot product
vector_dot_product<- function(v1, v2)
{
result <- sum(v1 * v2)
return(result)
}
# Function to perform matrix multiplication
matrix_multiplication<- function(m1, m2)
{
result <- m1 * m2
return(result)
}
# Function to calculate the transpose of a matrix
matrix_transpose<- function(m)
{
result <- t(m)
return(result)
}
# Main code
# Perform vector addition
print("Vector Addition:")
print(vector_addition(vector1, vector2))
# Perform vector subtraction
print("Vector Subtraction:")
print(vector_subtraction(vector1, vector2))
# Perform matrix addition
print("Matrix Addition:")
print(matrix_addition(matrix1, matrix2))
# Perform matrix subtraction
print("Matrix Subtraction:")
print(matrix_subtraction(matrix1, matrix2))
# Perform vector dot product
print("Vector Dot Product:")
print(vector_dot_product(vector1, vector2))
# Perform matrix multiplication
print("Matrix Multiplication:")
print(matrix_multiplication(matrix1, matrix2))
# Calculate the transpose of a matrix
print("Transpose of Matrix1:")
print(matrix_transpose(matrix1))
Output:-
[1] Vector Addition:
[1] 5 7 9
[1] Vector Subtraction:
[1] -3 -3 -3
[1] Matrix Addition:
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 8 11 14
[2,] 12 15 18
[1] Matrix Subtraction:
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] -6 -7 -8
[2,] -4 -5 -6
[1] Vector Dot Product:
[1] 32
[1] Matrix Multiplication:
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 7 18 33
[2,] 32 50 72
[1] Transpose of Matrix1:
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 4
[2,] 2 5
[3,] 3 6
