Global Warming (Mindmaps) Ebook

ABOUT JANE GENOVESE
Jane Genovese is a public speaker, university graduate of Law and Arts

(majoring in Psychology) and passionate global warming advocate. She
became concerned about global warming after reading an article on Artic
Eskimos losing their way of life due to rapid climate change. This
motivated her to study Environmental law and International Environmental
law at university. Shortly after, she created the “Global Warming: Too Hot
to Handle?” workshop and this book with her mother, Sharon. In her spare
time, Jane enjoys salsa dancing, watching good documentaries and going
to the gym.
Contact Details
PO Box 32
Bullcreek Post Office
Bullcreek Western Australia 6149
Web: http://www.live-the-solution.com
Email: jane@learningfundamentals.com.au
© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my family for their passion and commitment to do whatever they can to combat
global warming. Without their concern and stand, this book would not have been possible. They have
inspired me to be responsible for my actions and future. Special thanks to my mum for the countless
hours she spent illustrating this book and to my dad and brother for all their help too.
Thanks to my environmental law lecturers as well as Ben Rose and Al Gore for waking me up to the
climate crisis and calling me into action.
Thanks to the team at PublicityShip.com.au for all their support and inspiring me with the idea of creating
this ebook. Special thanks also to my wonderful Master Mind Alliance group (Chris, Ned and Bridget).
Thanks to Rob and Brenda at Environment House. Their commitment to helping the community live
greener and cleaner lives is an ongoing source of inspiration.
I would also like to thank my good friends, Zayd Azmi, Dean Lasslet and Gerald Zeng, for their feedback
and help in compiling the book.
This book is for you all.
Jane Genovese
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
This book contains a series of mind maps. You may be thinking

‘What is a mind map?’ A mind map is a creative way of displaying
information, which involves exaggerated images, different colours
and curved lines radiating from a central idea.
Why have I bothered to use mind maps? A mind map is an

effective way of learning new information. The colours, branches
and images stimulate your mind and allow you to remember
information more easily. Mind maps also give you an overview of a large subject area and help you to
make connections faster between different ideas.
I know how easy it is to become overwhelmed and confused when reading about climate change, and I
don’t want this to happen to others. It was never my intention to make fun of this serious topic through
the use of mind maps, just to simply illuminate the subject and make it easier for people from all walks
of life to understand. That’s why I have included mind maps.
As you read this book, start by looking at the mind map at the beginning of each chapter. These will give
you the essence of what the chapter is about and the text will then deepen your understanding. If you
have trouble understanding any content, I recommend you create a mind map yourself. For a step-by-
step guide on how to mind map, visit www.learningfundamentals.com.au/blog/how-to-mind-map

CONTENTS
Introduction: The Wake Up Call 5
Why We Need Change

Chapter 1: Waking Up 8
Chapter 2: Understanding Global Warming 22
Chapter 3: The Big Polluters 32
Chapter 4: Too Close for Comfort: Overpopulation 38
What to Change
Chapter 5: You Have the Power! 49
Chapter 6: What about the Government? 61
How to Change
Chapter 7: It’s Time for Change 67
Chapter 8: Goal Setting for a Liveable Planet 75
Chapter 9: Connecting with Nature 88
Who Has Changed

Chapter 10: It’s OK, You’re Not Alone! 94

THE WAKE UP CALL My parents were worried. For years they had been
developing a stone fruit orchard in rural Western
We are not passive spectators, but active Australia. From this, they earned enough money to
contestants in the drama of our existence. We pay the bills, feed us and put my brother and I
need to take responsibility for the kind of life we through school. Both mum and dad knew the land
create for ourselves well and had developed a strong connection to it.
Over the last 12 years they had started to notice
- Nathaniel Branden, Ph.D. changes on the orchard. The orchard dam, which
used to overflow regularly by the end of May,
stopped filling up in some years, filled up later in
I didn’t care about climate change/global warming up other years and now doesn’t fill up at all. I would hear
until two years ago. Like many people, I didn’t care them talk about these changes and how they were
because I simply didn’t know and understand what caused by climate change/global warming, but I
those terms meant. I was young, caught up in reality didn’t think much of it at the time. I told my parents
TV shows, the idea of making lots of money, the lives ‘Stop worrying! Look on the brighter side of life’ and
of celebrities and gossip. My life was all about me, carried on flipping aimlessly through catalogues of
my friends and family. Beyond those things, nothing discounted clothes and other items I didn’t really
else really mattered to me. need.

When I finally was forced to learn about climate Then Al Gore came along with his movie An
change/global warming in an environmental law Inconvenient Truth. Gore summarised wonderfully all
lecture, I was shocked and felt sick to the stomach. I the scientific journals I had read over the previous six
couldn’t understand why the media wasn’t constantly months. Watching this movie gave me new hope,
shoving this issue in our faces. Why weren’t more of passion and determination to do something. I started
us concerned about it? Why wasn’t the government reading book after book on how to make a difference
taking the scientists seriously? I had to find out more. in this area. I soon realised that having the
knowledge of how to change the world was one
The more I read, the more worried I became about
thing, but actually taking action to bring about that
the state the world was in. My friends started to get
change was another thing altogether (this was the
annoyed by my ‘doom and gloom’ conversations. I
challenging part!).
asked adults who I looked up to ‘What can we do
about this?’ Many of them responded with ‘Not a lot’. Being a Psychology student I was interested in the
So I continued on in a business as usual fashion. In different strategies that could help people to start
other words, I switched off to global warming. I adopting environmentally responsible behaviours. I
stopped reading about it. I stopped talking about it. I researched these thoroughly by reading dozens of
stopped thinking about it. psychological journals related to behaviour change
and soon discovered that most of the strategies were
straight forward and easy to apply to my own life.

I started attending conferences and free talks held in Some of what you are about to read may shock you,
my city on global warming and it wasn’t long before I challenge you, make you feel angry and sad. You
was fed up with the boring tones and academic may refuse to believe it at first and indeed it may
jargon that was being used by many of the speakers. seem easier and more convenient to deny it.
I also read a lot about the science of global warming, Whatever reaction you have is ok. Remember, you
however there wasn’t much on what the average are human. Just know you have done the best you
person could do to combat the problem. When I did could have done with the knowledge you’ve had up
read about the things I could do, I was often left until this point. There is still time (as brief as it may
feeling overwhelmed with the thought ‘It’s all too be) to change and do things differently.
hard’.
It was a struggle for me to find the motivation to try to

do something about global warming among all that
mass of academic complexities. This is why I
decided to write this book so that you don’t have to
go through such great struggles. This book is about
breaking down the overwhelming topic of global
warming into plain, simple English, with the use of
mind maps. It also shows you that each of us can
make a difference and live deeper, more meaningful
lives by doing so.
CHAPTER 1 goods we acquire the happier we will be. We need
WAKING UP instant gratification.
The frog does not drink up the

pond in which it lives.
- Indian proverb
We live in an industrial growth society that worships

growth and material possessions. The shopping What is to happen to a planet with a
centre has become the modern church, satisfying our population of 6.5 billion (and
short-term pleasures, keeping many of us numb and exponentially growing) all pursuing
cut off from the reality of the world. We all want to be a materialistic lifestyle? What kind
happy and we are told that we can be, but only if we of impact will this have on nature and all of life? The
buy the G500 mobile phone for the bargain ice-caps are melting three times faster than scientists
basement price of $39.95 (available for a limited time have ever predicted before. Entire species, cultures
only)! Let’s face it, we have become a nation of and ecosystems are dying. Sea levels are rising. The
sleepwalkers, buying goods we don’t need to environment is experiencing destruction on a scale
impress people we don’t even like! We are obsessed that confronted no previous generation in recorded
with feeling good all the time and we think the more history. Leading climate scientists have desperately

been telling us that we have less than 10 years to do How does this make you feel? Angry?
something or else we stand to lose it all if we don’t Sad? Disgusted? If the answer is yes
take immediate action. to any of these feelings, you are not
alone. Thousands of environmentalists,
Stop for a moment. Look around at the people in
scientists, activists and ordinary
your life: your family, friends and the people at your
everyday people feel the same way,
local shopping centre. Look at yourself. Does anyone
concerned and upset over what is
seem to care? Do you care? Should we even care?
happening to our planet. If the answer
The simple answer is yes, we should care. We need
is no and you don’t feel anything (not
to care. It took hundreds of millions of years for the
even the slightest pang of pain or guilt) then my
earth to reach a finely tuned balance and in such a
diagnosis is that you have become a sleepwalker
short space of time (no more than 200 years) we
mindlessly acting out the commands society has
have taken it upon ourselves to destroy this perfect
imprinted on you. At some point in your life (along
ecological balance.
with most people in our society) you became cynical
and resigned. The good news is that now is the
perfect time to wake up.

When we reach a point where we are more What has gone wrong? How have
concerned about the latest mobile phone, the lives of we ended up in such a disturbing
celebrities and gossip, accumulating more and more place, acting like zombies in the
material wealth and the next holiday overseas than face of global catastrophe?
with the survival of our entire planet, one cannot help Authors Ellis Jones, Ross
but think ‘Something’s not right here, something has Haenfler, Brett Johnson and Brian
gone awfully wrong and needs to change’. Now is Klocke of The Better World Handbook say cynicism
the time for all of us to really wake up. It’s time for a is the cause of this problem, that humans are
global awakening. trapped in a cycle of cynicism.
What is meant by the term cynicism? Cynicism is a

destructive way of relating to the world. A cynical
person will see the world as a place that will always
be filled with problems and they are convinced that
people look out for themselves first and foremost.
Glenn Capelli and Sean Brealy in their book The
Thinking Learning Classroom describe cynics as
being both closed off and sneering fault finders of
new ideas and opportunities.

Cynicism is the modern day disease, 5. You feel powerless, sad and angry. You may
spreading rapidly all over the world. start blaming politicians and corporations for
Some of the symptoms of this disease not doing anything.
are a lack of passion and excitement, 6. Eventually you reach the stage where you
negativity, very little satisfaction and fulfilment in life. just accept that there’s nothing you can do
You may contract this disease as follows: and at that point, you give up and become
apathetic.
1. You are watching television, reading the
7. The numbing of your mind and heart begins.
paper or just going about your everyday life
8. You begin avoiding finding out about these
and you discover a problem in society (e.g.
problems (i.e. stop watching or reading the
global warming).
news) because it’s only going to make you
2. You think to yourself ‘Hang on, this isn’t
feel bad or guilty.
right! I can’t believe this is happening. We’ve
got to do something’. You start to wonder
What your life then becomes about is making lots of
‘Can I do anything to help?’.
money, driving a nice car, moving up in the world
3. Unfortunately, when no clear avenues for
and living it up. You focus on doing irrelevant
action are presented to you, you begin to
activities that bring you instant pleasure. But the
think ‘I can’t do anything’.
pleasure doesn’t last for long. How many people do
4. So naturally, you don’t do anything.
you know who live like this? This is how so many of

us in western culture choose to spend our time on ecology) some of the reasons why we repress our
the planet and very rarely do we question it. pain regarding the state of the environment are as
follows:
Fear of guilt: If we are aware about the problems in

the world, then we may feel guilty if we know we are
contributing to them or not doing anything about
them. It is easier and can feel nicer just to sweep
things under the carpet and stick our heads in the
sand.
Fear of pain: Fundamentally, we are pleasure

Don’t get me wrong. People have valid reasons for seeking creatures. We are attracted to situations that
devoting their energies to material consumption we perceive will bring us pleasure and avoid
rather than doing something about global warming. situations that we perceive will bring us pain. We fear
Shopping can be a fun, social activity whereas that if we allow ourselves to experience pain fully we
reading about global warming and seeing the impact may lose control and may not be able to cope
is far from being fun. It’s painful. As humans we don’t with life.
want to feel pain if we can avoid it. According to
Joanna Macy, Ph.D., (Eco-philosopher, scholar of
Buddhism, general systems theory and deep

Fear of appearing morbid: I have Lack of time: Many of us live very busy lives,
listened to a lot of motivational juggling a family, studying and working full time.
speakers, many of whom speak Subsequently, when we do have some free time, the
about the power of being positive, last thing we want to do is read about global warming
seeing the glass as half full (not and contemplate the fate of the world.
half empty) and that no one likes to hang around
Media: The media has failed us
people who are depressing. Often I have left these
in many ways. Campaigns of
talks thinking ‘I have to happy and vibrant all the
misinformation and deception
time!’ When I read about global warming however, it
fuelled by the oil and coal
is incredibly hard for me not to feel sadness and
industry have confused people
despair. It is really hard for me to feel happy after
on the science of global warming. Many of us think
reading an article on polar bears drowning and facing
that we are still debating whether global warming
extinction. In our culture, those who feel anguish and
exists or not, when in fact that debate finished many
despair are often looked down on. We don’t want to
years ago! The public is also provided with less
be disliked, so we don’t engage in and express
information now than 30 years ago due to the
depressing information.
strategies of the corporate media owners.
There are also socio-economic sources of repression
of pain. These are:

Joanna Macy, Ph.D., also rather not know, but as Winston Churchill once said
mentions that we have ‘sometimes we have to do what is required’.
become like laboratory rats.
It is also healthy and necessary to experience upset
When lab rats are threatened, they busy themselves
and pain. Repressing certain emotions such as pain
in frenzied, irrelevant activities. Humans do exactly
leads to an overall dulling of your experience of life.
the same. Our hearts and minds go numb by
The sweet experiences in life would not be so sweet
repressing our pain and we start buying clothes and
if we never allowed ourselves to fully experience
shoes made in Chinese sweatshops and we catch
pain.
planes to exciting, new locations without considering
the number of tonnes of greenhouse gases we are
We are also not stuck in an artificial laboratory
emitting in the process.
separated from the real world. We exist as a part of a
bigger system and whether we realise it or not, we
It is important to remember that we are not laboratory
have a connection with the natural world, relying on
rats. We have incredible cognitive capacities,
its many hidden services (oxygen to breathe, water
complex emotions and it is crucial that we use them.
to hydrate ourselves, bees to pollinate our food
We need to start thinking for ourselves so we can
plants, etc).
deal effectively with combating the global
environmental problems we are now facing. Thinking
about issues such as global warming is highly likely
to be upsetting as you may realise things you would

This isn’t a trial run. We only have one shot at this.
We can either continue on in a business as usual
fashion or make a difference through our daily
actions and decisions. If we choose the later, we will
be able to look our children and grandchildren in the
eye and say to them ‘I did everything I could’.

BREAKING THE CYCLE
People need to experience a 4. Learn about the practical things you can do
dramatic shift in the way they think to make a difference in the world; and
and feel about the environment, 5. Take the actions you can take.
similar to a religious conversion.
We need to undergo a conversion As you go about taking
from putting money first to the earth first. The cycle actions to bring about a better
of cynicism needs to be broken. How can we do this? world, your internal dialogue
The Better World Handbook suggests the following will be saying all kinds of
practical solutions: things to you, trying to stop
you from making a difference.
1. Stop blaming others (i.e. politicians and
‘Internal dialogue? What’s
corporations) for doing
that?’ you may ask. It’s the little voice in your head
nothing;
that has a comment or thought about everything you
2. Start taking personal
do and see. The thoughts can be positive, neutral or
responsibility for being
negative (mostly they’re negative). If you still have no
the best person you can
idea what I’m going on about, your little voice
be in the world;
probably just said ‘What little voice?’ It’s important to
3. Get a basic understanding of the world’s
understand that what your little voice tells you is just
problems from good, unbiased sources;

one opinion and it isn’t necessarily the truth. It can • ‘One person can’t make a difference’
sometimes lead you down wrong paths and trap you
in destructive thought patterns and behaviours. With so much of the beautiful planet destroyed,
Watch out for the following negative thoughts (mental it’s not surprising that many people all over the
traps) your little voice may say to stop you from world have lost hope. Primatologist Dr Jane
making a difference in the world: Goodall said in her speech at Live Earth (a 7-
continent concert series aimed to inspire global
• ‘That’s just the way the world is’
action to solve the climate crisis):
If people thought this way in the past then We have to remember that every one of us
women would have never got the right to vote makes a difference everyday. We can’t live
and apartheid would still exist in Africa! through a day without affecting the world
around us. If we would all start thinking
• ‘It’s not my responsibility’
about the consequences of the little choices
we make each day (what we buy to eat, to
If you drive a car, catch planes and/or use
wear and how we get from A-B) and started
electricity then that makes you responsible for
adjusting our behaviour accordingly the
global warming. All of us need to take
world would start to change.
responsibility for our consumption and polluting
activities. Global warming activist, Laurie David, asks
‘What if you knew that if every household in

America replaced five regular light bulbs with are no longer slaves to time and irrelevant
more energy efficient bulbs, it would be activities.
equivalent to taking 8 million cars off the road for
• ‘I’m not an activist or a saint’
a year?’ Together all of our small actions can
make a huge, collective difference.
To make a difference you don’t need to have
• ‘I don’t have the time or energy to make a dreadlocks, chain yourself to a tree or be like
difference’ Mother Teresa. You can be yourself. You can
map out your own path to making the world a
If I asked you ‘What do you value the most in better place.
your life?’ what would you respond with?
• ‘No one else is doing anything about global
Perhaps you might say spending time with family
warming, so why should I?’
and friends or your health and fitness. If we now
take a good look at our daily schedules, a lot of
You would be absolutely amazed by all the
our time isn’t dedicated towards the things we
people who are now doing what they can to
value the most but instead on activities that add
make a difference in this area. Installing
very little value or meaning to our lives (e.g.
photovoltaic panels on their roofs, catching
watching television and shopping for items we
public transport, buying green power, writing to
‘think’ we need and can’t live without). We can
politicians and pledging not to fly are just a few of
reschedule our days to free ourselves up, so we
the many things people are doing. Thousands of

people behaving in ways to reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions results in thousands,
even millions of tonnes of greenhouse gases not
being released into our fragile, thin atmosphere.
You may be thinking ‘But I like flying!’ or ‘I love

shopping!’. You may love the consumer way of life
and that’s ok. I’m not telling you to sell everything
and start living like the Amish or a Buddhist monk.
But do you really know any other way to live? We
have all been conditioned into thinking that the
consumer way is the only way and the best way to
live, when there are many other ways.
We have a choice and we should choose not to be

laboratory rats. Let’s wake up from our deep slumber
and free ourselves from the cages society has locked
us in.

CHAPTER 2 is absorbed by the earth’s surface (landmass and
UNDERSTANDING water) and warms it, whilst the rest is reflected by the
earth back into space. Polar ice reflects 90% of solar
GLOBAL WARMING
radiation back into space, whereas water absorbs
We have a brief window of opportunity to 90% of the energy it receives. In addition, the warm
deal with climate change…no longer than a surface of the earth emits long wavelength radiation
decade at the most (infrared) and this is absorbed by the greenhouse

gases (a natural as well as manmade part of the
- Scientist at NASA, Dr James Hansen earth’s atmosphere which have the ability to trap and
retain heat) in the atmosphere and re-emitted back to
the earth.
To fully understand what is meant

Before the industrial revolution in
by global warming and climate th
the 18 century, the earth had
change the greenhouse effect
achieved a fine balance between
must first be understood. The
the energy coming in and the
greenhouse effect is the process
energy transmitted back into outer space. This
where solar radiation (short
balance has kept the temperature at an average of
wavelength radiation) from the sun reaches the
14 degrees Celsius for the past 10,000 years and is
earth’s surface where it’s converted to heat energy
responsible for sustaining life on Earth as we know it
(long wavelength radiation). The majority of sunlight
today.
With the onset of the industrial Findings reveal that the main greenhouse gas, CO2,
revolution, humans started to has been rising faster than at any other time over the
burn increased amounts of past 20,000 years. CO2 has increased from 280 parts
fossil fuels such as oil, coal and per million (ppm) in 1750 to the present day level of
natural gas to generate heat for transportation, 380 ppm (most of which has occurred in the last 50
electricity and other energy requirements. This was years). 380 ppm is higher than any other time in the
and still is problematic since a waste product of fossil past 650,000 years. Concentrations of the second
fuel combustion is carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 lasts most abundant greenhouse gas, methane (CH4),
for decades to centuries in the atmosphere. have also increased since the pre-industrial era by
Increasingly large amounts of greenhouse gases 150%. Consequently, these increased
were and still are being pumped into the atmosphere. concentrations have trapped more heat, thereby
New, exceedingly powerful greenhouses gases such creating an enhanced greenhouse effect, which has
as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were also introduced. caused the earth’s surface temperature to rise.
All of these factors have Due to scientists growing concerns about global
resulted in increased warming and climate change, the Intergovernmental
atmospheric concentrations of Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created in
greenhouse gases. Scientists 1988 by the United Nations Environmental Program
studying tree rings, corals and ice-cores have been (UNEP) and World Meteorological Organization
able to precisely calculate the exact percentage of (WMO). The role of the IPCC is to write two reports
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over time. every decade on the issue of climate change and it
does so in a rigorous, peer-reviewed fashion (this
means the information is reviewed and approved
thoroughly by other experts in the author’s field
before being published). Any controversial research
such as the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet has
been excluded from the reports, which leaves little
room for skeptics. Approximately 2,500 scientists
appointed by 130 countries participated in compiling
the latest IPCC report that concluded the world is
warming fast and humans are the cause of this.

IMPACTS ON THE EARTH
Often when people of the lush and comfortable Earth we now enjoy is
think of catastrophe what about to become a hot and barren desert’.
automatically jumps to mind
Leading scientist at
are events that occur in an
NASA, Dr James
instant such as earthquakes,
Hansen, states the
tsunamis and landslides.
world has warmed by
Many people fail to consider categorising global
approximately 0.8 degrees over the past century,
warming as a catastrophe, since the consequences
which is much larger than any of the climate changes
of it take many years to manifest. When the full
experienced during the past 10,000 years. This may
impact of what has already happened and what is
seem like a small increase in temperature given the
predicted to happen to the earth is properly
huge variations in temperature we experience daily,
considered, the reality hits home that global warming
but the effect of this overall global warming has been
will be the mother of all cataclysmic events in history.
devastating: heat waves, deep oceans warming, the
James Lovelock (creator of the Gaia theory) states
Arctic ice cap melting (three times faster than it had
‘The catastrophe threatened by global heating is far
been predicted), sea levels rising (twice as rapidly as
worse than any war, famine, or plague in living
had been predicted), species extinctions (three
memory; worse even than global nuclear war. Much
species disappear every hour), increased

earthquakes and stronger and longer storm and flood prices. Tokyo (the capital of Japan) had never gone
events have occurred (just to name a few changes). so late without snow in the winter season according
to the Japan Meteorological Agency. This is just a
One only needs to take a look at the weather
snapshot of what is going on around the world (Visit
conditions around the globe over the past few years
www.heatisonline.org/weather.cfm for an extensive list).
to see that the world’s climate is changing rapidly
and becoming more extreme. According to Munich The Facts
Re (an insurance company) extreme weather events
have quintupled since 1950. Of the 12 warmest The IPCC states that the
years on record, 11 occurred between 1995 and global temperature will rise by
2006. 2005 was the hottest year in over a century. 1.1°C to 6.4°C over the next
Along with these hot temperatures, Australia has 100 years (Some scientists
consequently experienced some if its driest months such as Nobel Laureate, Paul Crutzen, are now
and severest drought. In 2007, Northern England saying that these figures are too low and could rise
experienced a whole months worth of rain in just a anywhere between 7°C and 10°C). Scientists predict
few hours in many places, Southwest Pakistan was that with a one degree increase in temperature
hit by monsoon floods affecting 800,000 and Mount Kilimanjaro will lose all its ice, rare species will
Indonesia experienced intense storms which left be wiped out in the Queensland (Australia), coral
more than 340,000 homeless. Ukraine experienced reefs such as the Great Barrier Reef will be largely
their worst drought in a century, which cut crop yields destroyed and Island nations will submerge under
by 60% and resulted in a rapid increase in food the rising sea levels.
Feeling a little bored or sleepy by reading this? A three degree increase will
You’re not alone. This information is heavy and can result in Perth (my home
be hard to take in. Hang in there. town), Sydney and other
parts of Australia
With a two degree increase
experiencing water
Greenland will tip into
shortages, the world will experience a net food
irreversible melt (accelerating
deficit, the Amazonian ecosystem will collapse and
sea-level rise and
glacial retreat in the Himalayas means the Indus
threatening coastal cities around the world), polar
River will run dry and millions of environmental
bears and other species that require a stable ice
refugees will flee Pakistan.
platform for survival will become extinct in the Arctic
and shrinking snowfields will threaten Californian Feeling depressed? If the answer is yes then you’ve
water supplies. George Monbiot (columnist for the probably read enough to get an idea of how serious
Guardian and Visiting Professor at the School of the the impact of just a one or two degree increase in
Built Environment at Oxford Brookes University) in global temperature will be. If you realise that we
his book Heat: How to stop the planet burning states need to do whatever we can to not go beyond two
‘Two degrees is the point beyond which certain major degrees in global temperature, you can skip to the
ecosystems begin collapsing. Having, until then, next chapter. For those of you who need further
absorbed carbon dioxide, they begin to release it. convincing (or if you have a strong stomach) you can
Beyond this point….climate change is out of our read on to find out what is predicted to happen with a
hands: it will accelerate without our help’.
four, five and six degree increase in global Territory. By this stage most of the world will be
temperature. uninhabitable.
A four degree increase in Finally, a six degree increase

temperature will lead to a will lead to the mass extinction
third of Bangladesh being of species (90 – 100% loss of
threatened by rising seas and core habitat for most Australian
millions will become climate vertebrates). 251 million years ago (the end-Permian
refugees, all glaciers will disappear in the Alps, mass extinction) there was a temperature increase
further reducing water supplies in central Europe. between 6°C – 8°C degrees. This led to coral reefs
Permafrost melt in Siberia will release billions of dying and 90% of the earth’s species being wiped
tonnes of greenhouse gases thereby exacerbating out. This warming may have been due to a series of
global warming. volcanic eruptions releasing CO2 and SO2. George
Monbiot states this period gives us an indication of
A five degree increase means
the possible impact this rise in temperature could
the earth will become hotter
cause. If six degrees of warming does occur then it is
than any other time in 55
likely human beings will become extinct too.
million years and methane hydrate will be released
from underneath oceans resulting in tsunamis in
coastal regions. In total 180 days of the year will be
above 35°C in South Australia and the Northern

For some short sighted people none of the above
environmental impacts really matter. It’s all about
the economy. According to the Stern review (a 700
page report on the economics of climate change
compiled by British Economist Sir Nicholas Stern)
climate change will affect the global economy and
could end up costing $7 trillion. The main conclusion
of this report was that if we act now to dramatically
reduce our greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the
worst effects of climate change then 1% of global
GDP (measure of economic activity) per annum is
required to be invested. Failure to act could result in
global GDP being 20% lower than it otherwise might
be. Clearly the benefits of strong and early action far
outweigh the economic costs of not taking action.
The science is in and it is painfully clear, global

warming is real and it is happening faster than ever
predicted. We have a moment to take action. To
avoid some of the worst impacts we need to act now
to dramatically cut our greenhouse gas emissions.
CHAPTER 3 renewable energy sources. Ultimately, the fossil fuel
industry (the richest industry in the world) would
THE BIG POLLUTERS
need to come to an end to achieve the reduction that
is required.
It is difficult to get a man to understand
something when his salary depends upon Not wanting to suffer financially, these industries
his not understanding it. have deliberately misled the public, policy makers
and the media through campaigns of deception and
- Upton Sinclair
misinformation. Oil and coal companies have poured
millions of dollars into promoting the message
‘climate change/global warming is uncertain’ through
Many people and institutions are
the use of groups such as the Global Climate
still in denial over the existence
Coalition, the Greening Earth Society, the American
of global warming. This is due to
Petroleum Institute, the Competitive Enterprise
global warming being a complex
Institute and the World Coal Institute.
problem, which is clouded by deep political and
industrial implications. Scientists have concluded that The ICE campaign is an
the only way to effectively address global warming is example of how far coal and
to dramatically reduce our greenhouse gas utility companies (National Coal
emissions by 90%. This would mean humans would Association, Western Fuel
need to stop using fossil fuels and switch to Association and Edison Electrical Institute) are

prepared to go to salvage their profits. A public images of children and glaciers melting and then
relations firm created the $500,000 ICE campaign reforming (played in reverse), make statements such
one year before the 1992 United Nations Earth as ‘Carbon dioxide: they call it pollution, we call it life’
Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The campaign’s goal was and ‘…some politicians want to label carbon dioxide
to ‘reposition global warming as theory rather than a pollutant. Imagine if they succeed – what would our
fact’ through utilising climate change skeptic lives be like then?’ (Fortunately, in April 2007 the
scientists in broadcast appearances, interviews and U.S. Supreme Court ruled that CO2 and other heat
newspaper advertisements. The campaign’s trapping emissions are air pollutants under the Clean
newspaper advertisements made statements such Air Act). Earlier this year, scientists and economists
as ‘Some say the earth is warming. Some also said were also offered $10,000 by a lobby group (The
the earth was flat’. Fortunately, the ICE campaign American Enterprise Institute) funded by ExxonMobil
collapsed after it was exposed by various to emphasize the shortcomings of the latest IPCC
publications (i.e. The New York Times and the report just after it was released.
Energy Daily).
Climate change skeptics such
Even to this day, an abundance of climate change as Robert Balling (Professor of
th
propaganda still exists. On the 18 of May 2006, the Geography at Arizona State
Competitive Enterprise Institute launched a series of University), Richard Lindzen
television advertisements in various U.S. cities in (Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts
response to major media threats of worldwide Institute of Technology), Patrick Michaels (Professor
climate change. The new commercials, featuring of Environmental Science at the University of
Virginia) and S. Fred Singer (Electrical Engineer and testimonies given by scientists. From 1995 until the
Physicist) hold views that are in the minority of the negotiations of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (An
scientific community. Many of these global warming International agreement aimed at reducing countries
skeptics do not have backgrounds in climatology, fail CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions) things however
to source where they get their information from and changed dramatically. The number of testimonies
hold extreme views regarding other areas of science. presented by skeptics and conventional scientists
For example, S. Fred Singer is well known for being was approximately equal every year, thereby
skeptical about the connection between CFCs and clouding the issue in politicians’ minds. For people
ozone depletion as well as second hand smoke and who had no background information on the science
cancer. of global warming, it would have appeared to them
that the scientific community was split 50-50 on the
These skeptical views have been portrayed in
issue, when in reality the situation was more like a
Congressional hearings in a way that has created a
99-1 split.
false portrayal of the climate change issue. A study
by McCright and Dunlap examined the number of Similarly, the media has been
testimonies delivered by conventional scientists responsible for clouding the issue
(holding a mainstream view on climate change) and of climate change for the general
climate change skeptics in congressional hearings public by reporting the most extreme views of climate
from 1990 to 1997. Until 1994 the conventional change (those held by climate skeptics), regardless
scientists were outspoken on the issue, with the of the fact that the majority of scientists hold views
climate change skeptics presenting only 25% of all towards a consensus position. This has resulted in
public confusion over the science and state of same way, if you need some surgery, you don’t call a
climate change, which has led to policy gridlock, pathologist, virologist or an immunologist, you call a
personal and political inaction. surgeon. In the same way the only people qualified
to give you opinions on climate change are
In summary, be careful what you read or who you
climatologists and they are of the opinion that climate
choose to listen to on the science of global warming.
change is real and that we caused it.
Always ask yourself the following questions:
• Who is funding or sponsoring this scientist?

Is it the fossil fuel industry? The climate debate has been dominated by a bunch
of clowns instead of climatologists for far too long.
• Is this person a climatologist (scientist The clowns are still out there, but it is up to us to
specialising in the Earth’s climate)? recognise them and decide if what they are saying is
worth our time and energy. Who would you rather
• Has their work been peer-reviewed? learn from? A clown or climatologist? The choice is
yours.
Dr Karl Kruszelnicki states:
You don’t get a plumber to build a fence for you, and

you don’t get a chef to do some plumbing. In the

CHAPTER 4
see oceans of new, compact suburbs springing up all
TOO CLOSE FOR around us.
COMFORT:
OVERPOPULATION. Let’s take a look at the facts. For the majority of the
two million years of human history, the population
In the last 200 years the population of our was less than a quarter of a million. It took thousands
planet has grown exponentially, at a rate of of years (until 1800) for the population to reach the
1.9% per year. If continued at this rate, with the first billion. In 1930 the population reached 2 billion, 3
population doubling every 40 years, by 2600 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1987 and
we would all be standing literally shoulder to 6 billion in 1999. According to the United Nations
shoulder. projections, the population is predicted to reach an
astronomical 9.1 billion by 2050. What’s going on?
-- Professor Stephen Hawking Why is our population growing so out of control? The
simple answer is exponential growth. Sounds
Global warming is a by product of a bigger, more complex? Well, it isn’t.
serious issue: overpopulation. One doesn’t need

In a nutshell, exponential growth
statistical proof to see that the world is getting
is based on the idea that the
crowded. We can see it clearly in our day to day lives
larger a number gets, the faster it
as we struggle to find a parking spot at the shopping
grows. This principle can be
centre, wait months for a doctors appointment and
explained by looking at a child receiving his or her

pocket money. The child is given two choices for Imagine that you are reading the paper and the front
increasing their weekly pocket money. The first page states ‘Population increases by 1.8% every
choice is to start with $1 worth of pocket money and year’. Would you be alarmed? Probably not. Many of
have this doubled every week. The second option is us would think ‘1.8%? That’s nothing!’ and we would
to start on $5 and have this increase by $1 every flip straight through to the sports or comic section.
week. Don’t be fooled though. According to Dr Albert A.
Bartlett (Professor of Physics at the University of
Week 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Colorado) this is an alarming figure. If the population
Option
1
$1 $2 $4 $8 $16 $32 $64 $128 $256 was to continue increasing by this amount ever year
Option then it would only take 780 years for the world
$5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $11 $12 $13
2
population to grow to a density where there would be
one person per square metre on the dry lands
Option 2 may give you more in
surface.
the short term, however as you
can see in the table above Stop for a moment. Put this
Option 1 eventually will grow book down and try to picture
much larger. We may not realise it but what is living in a world like that. Quite
happening with the simple example of the child’s uncomfortable? Distressing? It
pocket money in Option 1 is what is happening with would be like living in a crowded lift that you cannot
the Earth’s human population (but on a much larger escape from. How do people react when they are in
scale). confined spaces? Some people remain calm and
cool headed, whilst others freak out and reason and Hurting the world
common sense go out the door. They do irrational
things that not only harm themselves but the people Having more people results in a
around them. With a population growing tragedy of the commons
exponentially this is what is likely to happen to our situation. To explain this
planet. concept, let’s take a quick look
at the overfishing of the fishery.
Professor Bartlett also states A fisherman thinks ‘If I don’t take these fish then
it would only take 2,400 someone else will, so I better take as much as I
years for the mass of the can!’, but what then happens is that everyone has
people to equal the mass of this mentality and starts taking as much fish as they
the earth (with a 1.8% growth rate in population)! possibly can! You end up with a dead, empty ocean
Eventually we would reach a point where people with no fish at all. Perhaps Professor Elinor Ostrom’s
could not go on living with such limited space. quote below from Governing the Commons says it
Something needs to change and if we don’t try to best:
change, mother earth will do it for us.
Wealth that is free for all is valued by no one
because he who is foolhardy enough to wait for its
proper time of use will only find that it has been taken
by another…the fish in the sea are valueless to the
fisherman, because there is no assurance that they

will be there for him tomorrow if they are left behind
today.
The tragedy of the commons situation that is

occurring in the fishery is taking place all over the
world with other natural resources (i.e. water, forests,
exotic species and oil).
Global warming, deforestation, pollution

of air, soil and water are the result of
overexploiting the Earth’s resources to
meet the demands of a growing
population. More people on the planet means there
is less water, food, energy and space to go around.
There will be even less finite natural resources to go
around in the western world now that developing
countries like China are following in our larger carbon
and ecological footprints (China recently overtook the
U.S. as the world’s biggest CO2 emitter).

Ways to Increase the Population Ways to Decrease the Population
Why did the population grow The table below shows some of the bad and good
so quickly? Improvements in ways to reduce population.
medicine, sanitation and
agriculture technology have Bad ways Good ways
decreased diseases, produced
more food and allowed many War Contraception
people to live for longer
periods of time. For example, the U.S life expectancy Disease Small Families
in 1900 was 47 years and by the end of the century it
was 77 years. Similarly, the average life expectancy Famine Abstention
in China was 35 years in 1950 and by the year 2000

Accidents
it had risen to approximately 71 years.
Murder
Abortion
Genocide

Each of us has a choice. Some choices have less
painful consequences than others. If we don’t choose
to do something about controlling the exponential
growth of the population, nature will make the choice
for us and we can expect to experience more
suffering (as shown in the left hand column of the
table above).

Solutions Providing people with access to
family planning services can
Aldous Huxley once said ‘Facts do not cease to exist also reduce the population. 201
because they are ignored’. Let’s face it, the issue of million couples currently don’t
overpopulation won’t go away by ignoring it, or have access to the services they need to reduce the
crossing our fingers and hoping for the best. It needs size of their families. The United Nations predicted
to be tackled immediately. How can this be done? that if they did have access to the required family
planning services then 52 million unwanted
Education appears to be the
pregnancies, 22 million induced abortions and 1.4
answer. Dr Albert A. Bartlett
million infant deaths could have been avoided.
says people must first be
educated to realise that our Could technological advancements save us?
current rate of population
growth and consumption of resources is not After all, some technology optimists have talked
sustainable. Educating girls also seems to have about colonising the moon and other planets to
promising results and appears to lead to smaller create more space for us
families. Economist, Gene Sperling, stated in a study here on Earth! Unfortunately,
of 72 countries ‘The expansion of female secondary this technology isn’t available
education may be the single best lever for achieving to us right now and we have
substantial reductions in fertility’. run out of time. We need to

carefully examine the allegations made by

technology optimists who assure us that science and Reducing the population to ensure a sustainable
technology will always be able to solve all of our planet can however be successfully and humanely
problems. achieved. Iran is living proof of this. Lester R. Brown
in his book Plan B 2.0 discusses how Iran
Population Success Story dramatically dropped its population growth rate from
being one of the world’s fastest to one of the lowest
I have worked at several religious schools that speak
in the developing world. In 1967 the Shah had put in
of children being a ‘gift from god’. Subsequently, the
place family planning programs but when Ayatollah
average family will comprise of five or more children
Khomeini assumed power in 1979 these programs
at these schools. Religion aside, if you talk to your
were quickly dismantled. Khomeini began advocating
average person about the one child policy in China
for larger families to increase soldiers for Islam (with
they will express outrage. ‘How dare they take away
the goal of having 20 million). The result was Iran’s
the human right to give birth! That is just inhumane’
population growth rate reached its peak in the 1980’s
they may say. The Australian government even
and this started to have a negative impact on the
provides a $4,000 incentive for women to give birth!
environment, economy and unemployment.
One can start to see how emotionally charged and
difficult tackling the population issue can be. Trying Leaders also started to wake up
to decrease the population is a huge challenge that to these problems and the
can seem impossible at times. overcrowding in Iran. In 1989 the
government restored the family
planning program, in 1993 a national family planning
law was passed and Iran broadcasting was made Countries everywhere have little choice but to aim for
responsible for raising awareness of population an average of two children per couple. The earth
issues as well as the availability of family planning simply cannot support any more than this. If we are
services. Religious leaders also got involved in serious about doing something about climate
promoting smaller families. Contraceptives were change, we need to tackle the big issue of
made free of charge. Couples were required to take exponential population growth. If we choose to
a class on modern contraception before receiving a ignore it, our actions will be equivalent to crossing
marriage licence. Iran also started an effort to our fingers and hoping for the best (business as
educate women. Female literacy rose from 25% in usual).
1970 to more than 70% in 2000.
The result of all of this was a typical

Iran family dropped its size from 7
children to less than 3. Between
1987 and 1994 Iran cut its
population growth rate by half. The
important thing to note here is that if a country based
on a tradition of Islamic fundamentalism can do this,
then any other country can do it too.

CHAPTER 5 Besides, if we don't rise to the challenge, climate
YOU HAVE THE change will force our hand anyway (most likely in
POWER! ways we won't like). The Stern report says that the
cost of global warming could reach up to 20% of
world GDP if we don’t act. The time for action has
It is time for us to stand and cheer for the doer, come. It doesn't mean we have to experience sharp
the achiever, the one who recognizes the cuts in living standards but it does mean that we
challenge and does something about it have to live smarter and grow in a different way.
More of the same is definitely not better.
- Vince Lombardi
We can start by informing
ourselves. Watch Al Gore's movie
Global warming seems like such a huge problem that An Inconvenient Truth. Some
it’s easy to feel helpless, but in fact there are many people aren’t open to watching
things we can do on a personal level to help. A lot of this movie because they feel there is a political
them don't cost much and many will end up saving agenda behind the film. Climate scientists have
you money. Perhaps most importantly, we need to however stated that Al Gore has presented the
change our attitudes and behaviours and that’s not science of climate change exceptionally well.
as hard as you think.

Whenever you turn on a light, use things off at the power point when not in use (10% of
the microwave or drive a car you Australian household electricity is used by standby
are releasing greenhouse gases power), using a good old-fashioned clothes line
into the Earth’s atmosphere. This rather than a drier and installing insulation, all cut
is because most of the energy required to power energy use. Please note that compact fluorescent
these objects comes from the burning of fossil fuels. light bulbs (the energy efficient ones) contain a small
By using more energy efficient appliances you can amount of mercury (approximately 5 mg), and
use less energy to do the same things, save money therefore need to be disposed of properly. ‘Are they
and reduce your greenhouse gas emissions at the dangerous to use?’ you may be thinking. When you
same time. Many measures need none or little up- consider that coal fired power plants release 40% of
front money (e.g. installing energy efficient light the mercury emissions in the U.S., we are better off
bulbs), but others need more (e.g. replacing an installing energy efficient light bulbs.
electric water heater with a solar water heater).
One of the most energy-hungry
There will be a payback time before the savings
appliances in the home is the
overtake the initial cost (just as in any other
fridge. In Melbourne (Australia),
investment).
the ‘Phoenix Fridge’ project
An energy audit (evaluation of energy consumption) (www.phoenixfridges.com.au) retrofits old fridges to make
on your home or workplace will help to prioritise the them more energy-efficient. The savings are two-
best ways in which you can save energy. Using fold. The house saves on energy and greenhouse
energy-efficient light bulbs and appliances, turning gases, but the factories also don't need to use
energy to manufacture a whole new fridge. There is By the laws of thermodynamics,
also no need to use energy disposing of the old one. all fossil fuel based electrical
You can find out the energy consumption of many generating systems have a
electrical appliances online (www.energyrating.gov.au for limited efficiency (often only around 35%) and
Australians and www.energystar.gov for Americans). inevitably make waste-heat as well. Usually even
more energy must be wasted to remove this heat
Installing enough grid-connected
with a cooling system. Combined heat and power
solar photo-voltaic (PV) panels
(CHP) systems (also called co-generation) utilise the
could make your house mostly
heat instead, thus improving efficiency and saving
energy self-sufficient and will
energy. This is impractical with electricity provided
greatly reduce your households greenhouse gas
from huge remote power stations. CHP systems can
emissions. In the latest Australian federal budget the
be used on an industrial, commercial or household
solar PV rebate has been doubled to AUD$8 per watt
scale. If more electricity is produced than needed, it
(up to a maximum of AUD$8000) and schools and
can be sold back to the grid, cutting the pay-back
community groups can now apply for a grant of up to
time.
50% of the cost of a solar power system. There are
also many new technologies on the horizon. An One of the most cost-effective
example is 'sliver cell' technology that promises to ways to reduce household
reduce the cost of solar PV systems. energy is to install a solar hot
water heater. These save so much energy that they
often pay for themselves in less than two years.
If you are building a new home, or renovating an old (www.greenpower.gov.au in Australia and for people in
one, incorporate passive solar design. Tips can be the U.S.A:.
found at: www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/buying/buying_power.shtml).
www.greenhouse.gov.au/yourhome/technical/fs10.htm Homes aren’t the only

greenhouse gas producers.
A phone call may be all it takes to
Every litre of petrol you use
switch to some form of ‘green
driving your car releases 2 Kg of greenhouse gas
power’. These are schemes set up
into the Earth’s atmosphere. By keeping your car
by electricity suppliers whereby
tyres well pumped up, you will improve fuel
they guarantee that the energy you
consumption and save money at the same time. If
use will be sourced from a
possible, make your next car a hybrid or an electric
renewable energy generator which
vehicle (EV). Currently the only models available in
is less polluting. If 100% of electricity users choose
Australia are expensive, but expect this to change in
green power, then the supplier must source 100% of
the next few years. Don't think that EVs are all turtles
its electricity from renewable energy generators. For
either. The Tesla Roadster EV (www.teslamotors.com) in
a typical Australian house using about 6,700
the U.S. can drag off a Ferrari.
Kilowatt-hours per year, the extra cost of green
power is no more than about AUD$5.50 per week. Some service stations have begun to offer fuel
That’s a muffin and a cup of coffee! You can easily blends with some fraction of biofuel in the mix. There
find utilities offering green power in each state is much debate however over whether biofuels are

really greenhouse friendly, or even ethical, as passenger and a return flight from Perth to South
carbon-storing rainforests may be trashed and food America emits 10.2 tonnes of CO2 per passenger.
crops replaced to grow biofuel crops instead That’s a lot of CO2 when you consider that the
(www.biofuelwatch.org.uk). average Australian household emits approximately
14 tonnes of CO2 a year! The bottom line is avoid
Car pooling is a good way to reduce your car use
plane travel wherever possible. If you really have to,
and make friends at the same time. Better yet, leave
some airlines are currently offering a carbon offset
your car at home and walk, cycle or use public
scheme. Carbon offsets let you purchase activities
transport. They all save on energy use and provide
(i.e. planting trees) that actively reduce global CO2
exercise. My friend even passed a university unit
emissions. Subsequently, this balances out your
solely by reading and doing his assignments on the
personal emissions.
bus!
Buying fresh local food
It is important to realise that
(perhaps directly from farmers
air travel has a huge effect
markets) can cut the amount of
on the atmosphere and
fossil fuel used in transport and refrigeration. But
natural environment. Aviation emissions have 2-4
where can I find a farmers market? There are sites
times more global warming effect than CO2 from the
that are designed to help you locate them
same amount of fuel used by a road vehicle. A return
(www.localharvest.org in the U.S., www.farmersmarkets.org.au
flight from my city Perth (Western Australia) to
in Australia and www.farmersmarkets.net in the U.K.).
Sydney emits approximately 2.4 tonnes of CO2 per
Better still, you could even start to grow your own
fruit and vegetables. The table below shows the amount of carbon dioxide
(Kg) that is emitted per kilogram of food.
A surprising fact is that by
simply eating less red meat,
we can each save a lot of
Type of Food (1 Kg) CO2 Emitted (Kg)
greenhouse gases. Going completely vegan can
save more greenhouse gases than using a hybrid Fresh local fruit and
0.6
electric car. The reason is that livestock belch out vegetables
methane and nitrous oxide (both potent greenhouse

Dried fruit and nuts 2.4
gases). Large quantities of energy are also required
for food processing and to grow feed crops. Chicken 3.5
Beef and Cheeses 12.0
What impact does a cheeseburger have on the

planet? Jamais Cascio (co-founder of
www.worldchanging.com) calculated that every time you
buy a cheeseburger from a fast food outlet you are
emitting anywhere between 3.6 Kg and 6.1 Kg of

CO2. This is due to all the processes that were use a cloth bag for shopping instead of the plastic
involved to get the burger in front of you (clearing the throw away bags and if you don’t need it in the first
land for the cattle, growing the feed for the cattle, place, don’t buy it.
storing and transporting the components as well as
Forests store huge amounts of
cooking and packaging). In America, the greenhouse
carbon (a tree can store up to a
gas emissions arising every year from the production
tonne of carbon dioxide over its
and consumption of cheeseburgers is roughly the
lifetime), but the world's rainforests
amount emitted by 13 million SUVs (Sport Utility
and old growth forests are being trashed at an
Vehicle). Cascio’s calculations show us that every
alarming rate. Deforestation accounts for 20% of
action we take (even the smallest ones) can have
global carbon emissions (this is substantially due to
unexpectedly profound consequences.
fires lit in forests to clear land). According to the
Everything we use takes energy to World Bank, forested areas equivalent to the size of
make, so reduce, re-use, and recycle Portugal are being cleared each year. This must be
as much as possible. Recycling many stopped. You can help by using recycled paper (each
metals and plastics uses less energy tonne purchased saves 4,400 kWh of energy, 30,000
than to make from raw materials. litres of water and 19 trees) and buying timber only
Every year 500 billion plastic bags are distributed. from accredited sources. You can also help nature
Most of this plastic can take up to 1000 years to suck back some of the carbon released by planting
breakdown and just ends up in landfills that emit trees.
harmful greenhouse gases. The solution is simple,
If some activity (i.e. driving a car or heating a home) This is particularly important in countries like
does release carbon, then maybe it’s possible to pay Australia, Canada and the U.S. as we generate more
someone elsewhere to save or soak up the greenhouse gases per person than anywhere else.
equivalent amount, making the activity carbon Promoting access to education, job opportunities and
neutral. This is the idea behind carbon credits. Care family planning (especially for females) can reduce
must however be taken that the credits purchased birthrates worldwide. You can help people around
really do lead to a reduction in emissions. Make sure the world to develop sustainably without leaving your
the carbon credits are certified by a reliable authority. home by volunteering at www.nabuur.com. This website
Gold standard accreditation (www.cdmgoldstandard.org) links you directly with people around the world who
is an internationally recognised benchmark for need assistance (local people tell you what they
carbon credit schemes. There are other greenhouse need and you give them help from behind your
gases and they should be included in the accounting. computer). According to World Bank estimates,
Buying credits should also not be seen as an excuse around US$84 billion per year (0.2% of world GDP)
to avoid concrete actions that will reduce your energy is needed to tackle malnutrition and give a primary
consumption. school education to every child on earth. In
comparison, the Iraq war has cost approximately
Ultimately, the more people there
US$456 billion, or over US$100 billion per year. The
are, the more greenhouse gases
current world military budget is around $US1 trillion
will be added to the atmosphere.
per year. Imagine what would be possible if even one
As mentioned previously, we need
tenth of this money was redirected to educate young
to limit the number of children we have to two or less.
people, produce contraceptives and create family letters with one or two points each is more effective
planning programs. than one long, complicated letter. You can also call
up and ask to speak with your local political
Spread the word and start
representative. If you are nervous about doing this,
talking to your friends,
call their office after hours and
neighbours, workmates
leave a short voice message on
and anyone else you know
their answering machine that
about climate change.
expresses your concerns about
Sustainability consultant
global warming. Speak out and be
Ben Rose says:
a catalyst. It will make a difference.
Avoid people who are negative, cynical or apathetic

Why else should you consider making the changes
as they will waste your energy. Always work with
discussed above? In the words of Ben Rose,
proactive, positive people; they in turn will influence
their proactive friends and social contacts. I always This change of lifestyle is healthier, less stressful,
try to work with and surround myself with proactive, more joyous and more dignified. It’s also more free of
positive people. It spreads like ripples on a pond. the influences of advertising, fashion, meaningless
competition and having to earn more money to get
Contact your politicians, planners and media outlets.
more things.
Our leaders need to know what we want and that we
care. Make them feel the heat! Writing many short

In addition, how can we keep our dignity if we know One thing is certain, if we act now
our lifestyle is contributing to destroying our beautiful to put the brakes on climate
world? It would be really hard for me to look my change, we can look forward to the
future children and grandchildren in the eye and future with excitement rather than
admit to them that I knew all my overseas trips and fear. Don’t ever let anyone tell you
large cars were destroying the fragile atmosphere that you can’t make a difference. All of us can make
and planet. That I knew I was robbing them of their a huge difference if we are willing to change our
quality of life but I continued to do it anyway because consumption habits and tell others about global
it felt great and I wouldn’t be around to face any of warming/climate change.
the major consequences.
My family and I have changed

our lives. We now live better and
are happier with less. This year
mum, dad and I pledged not to
travel by air (therefore now take more holidays within
our beautiful state of Western Australia), we catch
public transport (this means I get to enjoy reading
more often), we work less hours because our lives
are now about more than just acquiring material
possessions.
CHAPTER 6 action makes a difference, the climate crisis has
WHAT ABOUT THE reached a point where it demands much more than
GOVERNMENT? tokenistic actions. If we are to reach the 90% cuts in

our emissions that are required (and what science
demands), the government needs to create laws and
You can’t hit a target you cannot regulations that force all of us to change the way we
see, And you cannot see a target live and the way we do business.
you do not have.
Vested interests within the
- Zig Ziglar fossil fuel industry and
industries that can’t survive
without fossil fuels as well as
George Monbiot in his short-term political vision
book Heat asks ‘What is have limited and constrained political action
the point of cycling into regarding climate change. The White House is a
town when the rest of the world is thundering past in clear example of this, where the U.S. President
monster trucks?’ and ‘Why bother installing an George W. Bush has links to running a number of oil
energy-efficient light bulb when a man in Lanarkshire companies including Arbusto Energy, Spectrum 7
boasts of attaching 1.2 million Christmas lights to his and Harken Energy Corporation. Secretary of State,
house?’ Whilst I am a firm believer that every little Condoleezza Rice, sat on the board of directors of
Chevron (a corporation engaged in every aspect of
the oil and gas industry) and the Chief of Staff from 2005. Kyoto aims to reduce CO2
1993-1998, Andrew Card, was the former president and other greenhouse gases by
of the American Automobile Manufacturers 5.2% below the 1990
Association (just to name a few vested interests). greenhouse gas levels between
2008 and 2012 (Developing countries are however
George W. Bush has placed representatives of
exempt from this). Of all the countries that have
polluting industries or environmental skeptics in
ratified Kyoto (over 160) only 35 are legally required
charge of nearly all the agencies responsible for
to stick to their specified targets. Australia and the
protecting America from pollution. For example, Mark
U.S. are the only two major countries that have
Rey (a timber-industry lobbyist) was appointed to
refused to be bound by Kyoto’s restrictions. They
oversee the U.S. Forest Service and Elizabeth
refuse to ratify Kyoto for the following reasons:
Stolpe (a former lobbyist for one of America’s worst
polluting industries) is an associate director on 1. It would have a negative impact on the
Environmental Quality. It is therefore of no surprise economy;
why the American Federal government has failed to 2. The Kyoto Protocol is inequitable as it does
take serious action in this area. not require developing countries such as
China and India to fully participate; and
The Kyoto Protocol (an international agreement that
3. The emission targets are arbitrary and not
created binding targets on developed countries to
based on science.
reduce their greenhouse gas emissions) was created
and negotiated in 1997 and entered into force in

It is true that the emission reduction target of 5.2% is engagement in the political process is more
not based on science. Science is demanding 90% important than ever before.
cuts in emissions! So, where are we headed if our
Fortunately, several states and grassroots action
government can’t even commit to a 5.2% reduction?
groups have been proactive and are doing what they
What kind of message does this inaction send to
can to combat climate change. Many U.S. states
countries like India and China?
have set their own targets to reduce their
It is no wonder that many of greenhouse gas emissions through increasing their
us are frustrated with use of renewables, selling agricultural carbon
governments and have sequestration credits, and encouraging efficient
stopped participating and/or energy use.
taking an interest in the
th
California (the 6 largest economy
political process altogether. It
th
and the 12 largest source of
is easy to feel that the rich and powerful interests
greenhouse gas emissions in the
overpower our voices and that there is very little
world) is an example of one U.S.
point in speaking up. Never assume that your vote
state that has set its own targets to
and voice doesn’t count. The 2000 U.S. Federal
cut greenhouse gas emissions.
Election clearly proved that every vote does count
Scientists and economists in the
with only 537 votes determining who became
state of California reported that if
president. We have reached a point where our
California continued on in a business as usual

fashion regarding global warming, it would suffer output came from renewable sources in 2005. Land
from 30% to 90% less drinking water, more wildfires outside a town in Moura has been allocated to build
and risks to agriculture in the near future. Based on the largest solar wind farm in the world. This project
these alarming findings, the California legislature is expected to benefit the community and create over
enacted tough new laws (The Global Warming 1000 jobs in a shire that currently has 900 people
Solutions Act) that impose a cap on greenhouse gas unemployed. Portugal is showing the rest of the
emissions. Major industries in California will be world that we can make the switch to renewables
forced to cut their output of greenhouse gases. and the economy doesn’t have to suffer.
California’s target is a 25% cut in greenhouse gas
Australia and America are screaming out for a
emissions by 2020 and it is hoped that their efforts
change of government and it won’t happen unless
will inspire other states and the Federal Government
we properly educate ourselves about the issues
to follow in their low carbon footsteps.
(check out www.publicagenda.org to explore issues) and
The Portuguese government has become a candidates (www.vote-smart.org)
renewable energy champion after years of being through trustworthy sources (TV
dependant on other countries for coal, gas and oil. commercials and unsolicited mail
Prime Minister Jose Socrates has a goal that don’t count). Political change
renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and won’t happen unless you vote, so
wave power account for nearly half of the electricity make sure you do it!
consumed in Portugal by 2010. This is certainly an
achievable target since 36% of Portugal’s electricity
CHAPTER 7
human beings who are aware of global warming. We
IT’S TIME FOR also know we should be doing something about it
CHANGE right now. But are we? Some of us are, but many of
us aren’t. Social science research tells us that merely
It is not the strongest of the
gaining a general awareness of environmental issues
species that survives, not the
such as global warming and changing attitudes
most intelligent, but the one
towards the environment will not necessarily lead to
most responsive to change.
people changing their behaviour.
-Charles Darwin
What needs to be done to propel us into action?
A review of several energy conservation programs

found that the following strategies make a difference
Australians and Americans are
in changing peoples’ behaviours.
amongst the highest greenhouse gas
polluters per capita in the world, with Energy Audits: An energy audit is a cheap and easy
Australia emitting 28 tonnes per person way to reduce your carbon footprint. It’s a way of
and America emitting 25 tonnes per person annually providing you with feedback on what you’re doing
(In comparison, China’s emissions are approximately right in terms of conserving energy and what can be
2 tonnes per person and India’s emissions are only 1 improved. A professional energy auditor visits your
tonne per person). Most of us are intelligent, capable home, school and/or workplace, looks at your energy

consumption and shows you the different ways you computers, turning off appliances at the power point
can save energy and money. and getting rid of a fridge that we hardly ever used.
Studies have been performed on the Pledge: Making a pledge (an oral
effectiveness of energy audits in or written commitment or
reducing peoples’ consumption. One promise) to change your
study took two groups of households behaviour and reduce your greenhouse gas
in which one group was given energy emissions can be a powerful action. One study found
audits and the other group received no audits. the households that made a commitment to conserve
Researchers found that households who were given energy by 10% and received information on how to
the energy audits reduced their household electricity do it, saved more energy in comparison to those that
use by 21% more than the other group. didn’t commit to conserving energy.
Many local councils are now providing free energy Al Gore created the Live Earth Pledge, which states:
audits to households or you can get one done by a
I PLEDGE:
private organization. These audits pay for
themselves easily. My family had an energy audit
1. To demand that my country join an international
done last year and we saved AUD$96 on our
treaty within the next 2 years that cuts global
electricity bill in just the first month through making
warming pollution by 90% in developed countries
simple changes such as switching off our home

and by more than half worldwide in time for the next 7. To buy from businesses and support leaders who
generation to inherit a healthy earth; share my commitment to solving the climate crisis
and building a sustainable, just, and prosperous
2. To take personal action to help solve the climate st
world for the 21 century.
crisis by reducing my own CO2 pollution as much as I
can and offsetting the rest to become “carbon You can sign up and print out this powerful pledge at
neutral”; www.algore.com/pledge
3. To fight for a moratorium on the construction of

any new generating facility that burns coal without
the capacity to safely trap and store the CO2;
4. To work for a dramatic increase in the energy

efficiency of my home, workplace, school, place of
worship, and means of transportation;
5. To fight for laws and policies that expand the use

of renewable energy sources and reduce
dependence on oil and coal;
6. To plant new trees and to join with others in

preserving and protecting forests; and

Rewards: The presence of rewards screen). The rewards also don’t have to be financial
can influence you and the people or material. Terry Power and Dr Peter Dingle in their
around you to take action and sustain book Goal Getting: The Science of Achieving Goals
positive behaviour change. My friend, discuss how some of the simplest things in life can
Esther Duffy, led a sustainable living program called be the best rewards.
Living Smart. One of the participants in her program
Here are a range of different rewards and incentives
complained that she had trouble motivating her
you can give to yourself and family for reducing your
children to turn the lights off once they left each
carbon/ecological footprint:
room. Esther encouraged this woman to offer her
children any money that was saved from the
1. Go for a trip to the beach
electricity bill. At the next session, Esther asked her
2. Have a cup of your favourite tea
what the result had been. ‘We have been living in
3. Take a quiet, local holiday
complete darkness’ was the participant’s response.
4. Go dancing with your partner or friends
The use of rewards had clearly worked!
5. Watch a movie
Be careful choosing your rewards.

It may be rewarding in itself to simply know that you
You don’t want to have a reward
personally are treading lightly on the planet and
that will defeat the purpose of your
doing your best to look after it.
greenhouse gas reduction goal (i.e.
a plane flight abroad or a new plasma TV screen that
emits more greenhouse gases than your previous
Modeling: Admired individuals (i.e. It has been shown scientifically that the above
celebrities) modeling ideal energy strategies make a difference to reducing personal
conserving beliefs and practices can energy use. Try them out and see; you have nothing
be incredibly influential and to lose but greenhouse gases!
motivating for some people. Cameron Diaz,
Leonardo Dicaprio, Robert Redford and Melissa Mental and Physical Health
Etheridge are just a few celebrities that have made
If we don’t look after ourselves, how
changes to their lives to reduce their carbon footprint.
will we be able to look after the planet?
Goal setting: This is one of the It is important that we take care of our
most effective strategies you can mental and physical health so we can
apply to help you achieve results in be as effective as possible.
all areas of your life (the
Learning about global warming, speaking to people
environment, health, relationships, career, etc).
about it and taking actions to combat it can be a
Setting your own goals helps you to stay focused
stressful and upsetting activity at times. I spoke to
and take the actions you need to take (More on this
over 100 teenagers and teachers recently about
strategy in Chapter 8).
what they could do to combat global warming. To
realise that very few of them seemed to care about
the future was incredibly disheartening. Did this

experience stop me from speaking out in schools? this’, ‘I’m stupid’ and ‘It won’t make a difference’).
No way! These negative thoughts often lead to negative
feelings (i.e. anger, frustration and sadness) and
Several months ago I went out to lunch with some
negative behaviours (i.e. give up, swear out loud and
friends and they were talking about their plans to
violence). If you’re not fully convinced, take a look at
travel the world. I mentioned how harmful air travel
the negative and positive statements on the next
was for the atmosphere and suggested they consider
page:
carbon offsetting their flights. When I saw my friend
roll her eyes at my suggestion, ignore the question
Negative Positive
and then change the subject by asking if there was Statements Statements
salt in the dish in front of her, I felt disheartened and
embarrassed that I had even made the suggestion. I should I can
Did this stop me from speaking about carbon

I could I am
offsetting in the future? Of course not, but it may
have, had I not known how to deal with the stress I would I choose
and emotions that were coming up for me.
I want I have
There are lots of different ways you can
reduce stress in your life. Watching your I can’t I create
thinking is one way. Often what we say

I’m a loser I’m a winner
to ourselves is negative (i.e. ‘I can’t do

I have observed that saying the negative statements yoga and/or tai chi, exercise and
above can have a devastating effect on your mood. breathe deeply. I have experimented
Negative thoughts will simply make us feel bad and it with all of these, and found what works
will be counterproductive to us making a difference. best for me is doing weight training and
So start to watch your thinking and if it’s negative aerobic exercise several times a week.
(the statements above can help you to identify this)
try to replace those thoughts with neutral or positive
thoughts.
Don’t get me wrong, I’m not saying never ever

expose yourself to negative news and events and
pretend that everything is absolutely fabulous in the
world. My point is that most of the time many of us
put ourselves down. This is unnecessary and will
hold us back from making a difference. As an
experiment, try repeating out loud the positive
statements in the right hand column of the table
above and see the effect this has on your mood.
Other ways that will help you to relieve stress are to

have massages, laugh regularly, meditate, practise

CHAPTER 8 Step 1: Get clear on what it is you want
GOAL SETTING FOR to achieve (your goal)
A LIVEABLE PLANET
Do you want to reduce you household electricity use
You will recognize your own path when by 20%? Do you want to simplify your life so you are
you come upon it, because you will less of a slave to time and material goods? Perhaps
suddenly have all the energy and you would like to be someone who inspires other to
imagination you will ever need start acting in environmentally responsible ways.
There are endless possibilities for what you can
- Jerry Gillies create and it is time to start exploring these.
But what if you have no idea? You are so used to

As mentioned in the previous chapter, goal setting things being as they are and you can’t imagine life
will help you to stay focused and take the actions you being any different. One of my Psychology university
need to take to help combat global warming. lecturers, Alex Main, recommended the following
strategy to me.
How does one set goals effectively? Here is one way
you can do it. 1. Look at the lives of the people whom you
admire (at least one person must be
someone you know personally).

2. Pinpoint what it is about that person(s) whom also be someone who walks the talk when it comes
you really admire. What are his or her to making a difference to the environment.
admirable characteristics?
At first, you may feel a bit funny exploring what you
want, as the cynic in you may be saying ‘nah, don’t
For me, I first looked at my Japanese friend, Takeshi.
be stupid. It’s not possible!’ or you may even be
Takeshi has a lot of energy and passion for the
thinking ‘my life is fine just the way it is’. Just be
environment and sharing its wonder with others. He
aware of what your critical inner voice is saying,
is a great teacher whose mind and heart are so
thank the little voice for sharing and carry on
open! Anything and everything is possible for
exploring what you want for your life.
Takeshi.
If you have trouble doing this activity, here are a few

I also admire our local sustainability consultant, Ben
questions to help you start thinking about the type of
Rose. Ben is someone whose actions speak louder
things you may want to create.
than his words. He has halved his household’s
greenhouse gas emissions and adopted a simpler,
1. Would you like the problem of global
more fulfilling way of life. Ben now coaches and
warming to be fixed?
inspires families to do the same.
2. Would you like to contribute to help solve the
problem?
From looking at the lives of these two inspiring
3. Would you like to be part of the solution to
people, I can see that I want to help people wake up
the problem?
and start taking global warming seriously. I want to

4. Would you like to help others learn more 15. Would you like to get into activism or
about global warming? politics?
5. Would you like to join an environmental
organisation?
6. Would you like to catch public transport more
often?
7. Would you like to speak out in public about
global warming?
8. Would you like to reduce your household
electricity and gas?
9. Would you like to own a fuel efficient
vehicle?
10. Would you like to eat more healthy, organic,
vegetarian meals?
11. Would you like to buy less and save more?
12. Would you like to spend more time with you
friends and family?
13. Would you like to do some volunteer work?
14. Would you like to identify your life purpose?

Step 2: Write it down Step 3: Make sure your goal(s) meets the
criteria
Once you are clear on what you want,
write it down immediately! According You can increase your chances of achieving your
to scientific studies, the simple act of goal by making sure it meets the following criteria:
writing down your goals increases
your chances of achieving them. Researchers at Present Tense: Studies have
Yale University took a group of 400 graduating revealed that the mind doesn’t know
students and instructed these students to write down the difference between what is real
their goals. Only 3% of the 400 students actually and what is vividly imagined. An
wrote down their lifelong goals in a specific manner. example of this can be seen in
20 years later, all the students met for a reunion. Olympic athletes and bodybuilders.
What the researchers found was the group who had When they visualise themselves executing a
written down their goals seemed a lot happier than particular exercise, they have the same brain activity
the others and were more successful than all of the as when they actually perform the exercise. Simply
other 97% combined. So, if in doubt, write it out! by saying ‘I am reducing my carbon footprint’ instead
of ‘I will reduce my carbon footprint’ makes it seem
more real and more likely that you will do it.

Specific (clear and concise): • Time: the time spent in the shower, time
spent reading and educating yourself and
Specific goals help you to
others on global warming, time spent
establish crystal clear focus and
volunteering every week, etc.
drive. Vague goals are like sightseeing in Rome
without having a map. You may eventually stumble
• Electricity: you can measure the amount of
across the Colosseum and the statue of David, but it
household electricity used by reading your
will take you longer and be a lot harder to get there
energy meter box or power bill.
than it should have been. Vague goals also make it
harder to know the precise point when you have
actually achieved the goal. • Money: you can calculate the amount of
money you spend and save every week by
Measurable: By being able to
cutting back on eating and drinking at fast
measure your goal (e.g. the
food outlets/restaurants/cafes/hotels, buying
amount of electricity and gas saved on your bill) you
unnecessary goods, etc.
will know whether you have achieved your goal or
not for the obvious reason that you will be able to
measure it. Below are some of the different things Achievable: If your goal is totally
you can measure: unreasonable and not achievable,
you will start to stress out, put
yourself under unnecessary

pressure and lose motivation. The stress may pollution’, what images
become too much, things will start to seem too hard immediately jump to mind?
and there is a good chance you will want to give up. Images of a car and pollution.
Some examples of unachievable goals are: These images hardly inspire
me and empower my
• ‘I am bringing the Tasmanian tiger back from
behaviour change. Instead I
extinction’: The Tasmanian tiger is a species
could set myself this goal:
that is sadly gone for good.
‘I am catching public transport into the city. As a
result, I get to enjoy reading interesting books, I feel
• ‘I am going to stop the one degree rise in
calmer and the air is cleaner’
global temperature’: Unfortunately a one
degree rise in global temperature is How do I feel after setting this goal? Pretty good!
inevitable according to reports by the IPCC. When I think about this goal, positive images of
myself enjoying the day and a healthier planet spring
to mind (and not having to worry about the traffic and
Positive: Positive goals make us feel good not only
finding a parking spot!).
when we achieve them but while we are thinking
about them and also working towards achieving Time Limit: Dr James Hansen (Leading
them. If I set myself the following goal ‘I am not Scientist at NASA) says we have less
driving my car into the city in order to decrease my than 10 years to do something about

global warming before we reach the point of no Below is an example of one of my personal goals:
return. If we don’t set clear deadlines for our goals,
th
It is now the 24 November, 2007
chances are we may never achieve them in the small
space of time we have available. Having a time limit
I have delivered my presentation
means you clearly know when you have or haven’t
‘Global Warming: Too Hot to Handle?’
achieved your goal. The time limit will motivate you
to over 1000 students. They are making
to stop procrastinating and take action.
changes to their lives and lowering their
energy usage.
Putting it all together
Now take some time to set some of your own goals

You can follow this simple formula to create goals.
in the space below
It is now__________________________________
It is now__________________________________
(Insert future date when I have achieved my goal)
I am/ I have _______________________________

I am/I have________________________________
(Insert the last step you need to take to know you It is now __________________________________
have achieved your goal)
I am/ I have _______________________________

It is now ___________________________________ goals, you are going to make yourself feel sick and
overwhelmed. It is only through achieving all your
I am/ I have ________________________________
short term goals (your bite sized pieces) which can
be done right here and now, that you will be able to
Step 4: Break it down
achieve your long term goals (the big, juicy burger).
Imagine your favourite burger. Juicy

This is where so many people get stuck in life. They
and bursting with flavour! How
set a big goal for themselves and they don’t break it
would you normally eat it? Most
down into smaller steps. Why do you think people
people would eat a burger one bite
would stop at this stage? They get overwhelmed,
at a time. If you were to eat it all in one mouthful, you
they start to think ‘it’s all too hard’ and then they give
would not enjoy the taste, you would make yourself
up.
sick and probably would not want to eat another
burger anytime soon. What’s the solution? You may want to try this clever
strategy. Imagine a movie has been made of you
Now goal setting works the same way. You have
achieving your goal (the goal can be however big or
your long term goal (a goal that can be achieved at
small you want it to be). You are sitting back, eating
some point in the future) and then you have your
some popcorn and watching the ending of this
short term goals (goals you can achieve in the near
movie. You finally reach the part where you have
future such as today or tomorrow). If you don’t break
done what you have always wanted to do. You have
down your long term goals into smaller, short term
achieved your goal! It’s your victorious moment. You

have helped the earth in some way (perhaps your Step 5: Visualisation
children and grandchildren are cheering with joy and
applauding you). Notice how it feels. Then all of a Visualisation can help us
sudden someone presses the rewind button on the to achieve our goals. The
remote control and you see yourself moving latest research into
backwards in time. You observe all the small steps visualisation reveals that
you had to take to reach your goal, you see the your mind can’t tell the
dramas of coming up against obstacles (perhaps difference between an
apathy and cynicism from others), all the hard work activity you visualise and
as well as the satisfaction of completing the smaller one you actually perform. Researchers at Ohio State
goals. University tested out this idea. They took a group of
basketball players and split them up into three
What you are doing is a process called top down teams. Each group was given a basketball and told
planning. Imagine yourself at the end, having to shoot foul shots. The players’ scores were then
achieved your goal and then work backwards up until recorded as a baseline measure. The first group was
this point in time, seeing all the steps you need to then told to practice shooting foul shots for 30
take. minutes a day for 30 days. The second group had to
visualise themselves shooting foul shots for 30
minutes a day for 30 days, however they couldn’t
actually shoot any shots. The third group couldn’t

practice shooting any foul shots and couldn’t Does this study tell us that we can just sit there, hold
visualise themselves doing so either. What did the hands and collectively visualise a reduction in
researchers find after 30 days? Who had improved greenhouse gases and it will happen? That would be
the most? nice, but visualisation on its own isn’t the solution to
global warming. It can however help all of us to
The group who didn’t practice and didn’t visualise
achieve our goals with more confidence and ease.
showed no improvement. The group who only
imagined themselves shooting but never picked up a Step 6: Take Action
ball improved by 27%. The group who practiced
shooting but didn’t visualise improved by 28%. That’s What else do you need to do after you have created
only 1% difference! This demonstrates the power of an effective goal, written it down, broken it down into
visualising yourself taking the actions you need to bite sized pieces and visualised yourself carrying it
take. If you make your visualisation as realistic as out? You need to take immediate action. You are
possible by involving all of your senses (feeling the either taking action towards your goal or you are not
appropriate feelings, hearing the appropriate sounds, taking action. Now I don’t know about you, but for me
tasting the appropriate tastes and smelling the this has always been the hardest part. If I had an
appropriate smells) then you will increase your assignment to do or project to complete, I would
chances of success. clean my room, check my email, rearrange my desk,
I would tell myself ‘It’s too hard’ and I would do or
say anything I could to avoid getting started! What
would happen is I would either have two days to

write a 3,000 word essay or I would have missed the there, I go onto write a second and a third…before I
opportunity altogether. Often I would feel stressed know it I have written a significant amount of the
out and disappointed in myself. essay. Once the action has started and you have
some momentum, the rest flows with incredible ease.
The key to getting started is
to set yourself the smallest, Step 7: Keeping your goal alive
easiest goal to achieve.
Let’s say you want to have Treat your goals as you would
a home energy audit treat your precious pets. What do
performed on your house. You can start by setting I mean by this? Let’s say one day
yourself the following goal ‘I am picking up the phone I woke up and decided ‘I really
and booking a home energy audit’ or ‘I am on the can’t be bothered feeding my dog
internet and googling the words home energy audit’. anymore. I can’t be bothered patting her or giving her
Once you have made the call or googled the words, a wash. From now on she can look after herself’
it will propel you onto do another action and then What would happen to my dog? She would die!
another. Before you know it you will have completed Similarly, if I don’t nurture my goals, feed them, look
dozens of environmentally friendly actions. This after them and do something for them everyday they
technique has also helped me to complete university will die too. The situation for our planet will stay the
assignments well before their due dates, simply by same or most probably get worse.
setting myself the goal ‘I am writing one sentence of
this essay’. After writing one sentence I don’t stop
How can you keep your goals alive? Many people
create visual displays of the future they want, some
type out their goals in large font and put them in a
place where they can see them everyday. Famous
actor and comedian, Jim Carey, kept a fake
$10,000,000 cheque in his wallet for 10 years and
looked at it on a daily basis. Whilst I’m not
suggesting ‘Let’s strive to acquire more wealth!’ this
was a powerful strategy that kept Jim focused on
what he was up to in life. We can do the same when
it comes to creating a healthier, happier world.

pollinate our food and oxygen to keep us alive.
CHAPTER 9 Michael Ableman states ‘Most of our society…no
CONNECTING WITH longer knows what it’s like to pull a carrot from the
NATURE ground, or eat the heart out of a watermelon still

warm from the sun, or munch on beans that are so
fresh that they explode in your mouth’. In the western
It is astonishing how short a time world we are able to go to the shops and buy
it takes for very wonderful thing whatever food we desire off the shelf. Professor
to happen Hiroshi Takatsuki says in his book Picturecology that
we live our lives under the false illusion that we have
-Frances Burnett no connection to the natural world, when indeed we
do.
If you don’t care about

If you live in the city surrounded by
nature or feel connected
concrete walls, chances are you
to it, you probably won’t
may not have spent much time out
look after it. It is similar to
in the sun, feeling the rain and
human health. Someone
connecting with nature. Subsequently, many of us
who doesn’t care about their health may smoke,
may take for granted the various hidden services
drink lots of alcohol and caffeine, eat fatty foods, not
nature provides. For instance, we rely on bees to
exercise and is likely to expose their body to other
harmful activities. Whereas an individual who is How does one develop an
strongly connected to their body will care and pay awareness and connection with
attention to it, making sure they eat nutritious foods nature? There are countless ways
and engage in regular physical activity. Similarly, it is to do this and it doesn’t have to
only through developing an awareness and involve hugging trees and worm
connection with the natural world that you will be farming (I understand these
compelled to start acting in environmentally activities aren’t for everyone). Unfortunately, there
responsible ways. are no quick fixes. What you will need is time to
develop a connection with nature. Discovering the
Connecting with nature (noticing
wonders of the natural world cannot be rushed,
the plants and animals around
forced or learnt out of a text book. It must be
you) can benefit us in amazing
experienced first hand in a slow, relaxed fashion.
ways, yet very few of us actually
You have to begin by looking and studying what is
enjoy a deep connection with
going on around you.
nature. Nature provides us with
a source of energy and inspiration. It allows us to Spending time in a forest is a great place to start.
focus our thinking, stimulates our imagination, One of my good friends, Sheena, grew up in an
sharpens our senses and releases worry and stress. apartment in Singapore and for most of her life she
had very little exposure to forest and bushland. A few
months ago she stayed at a lodge in the southwest
forest of Western Australia for the weekend. It was
the first time she had been out in the wilderness and an alternative school. I helped Takeshi do a range of
it blew her mind. She went bush walking and things: teach English classes, make organic rice
canoeing, and couldn’t stop telling me how beautiful crackers, garden and clean. In exchange for this, I
and relaxing it had been. It was as if she didn’t know got to learn about how Takeshi came to love the land
that such things existed! The good news is that you and how he wanted to make a difference in the
don’t have to come to Western Australia to have a world. The great news is you don’t have to travel
liberating experience like my friend did. There are very far to WWOOF. You can pay a small
places all around you waiting to be explored. subscription fee and start WWOOFing within your
own state (www.wwoof.org).
WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) is
a fun way for you to develop your connection with Pack a picnic and go
nature as well as travel cheaply at the same time. spend some time at a
WWOOF is a series of host properties you can visit waste dump. When you
and exchange your ideas and culture while working get there take a deep
for four to six hours per day for food and breath in and good look at your surroundings. When
accommodation. Most WWOOF hosts are small you put something in the bin, it doesn’t just go away.
properties located in the country that grow food It goes somewhere, in landfill. When I visited Japan
organically (without chemicals). The work will vary last year I was shocked at how many people would
depending on where you choose to go. Last year, I throw away near new appliances and items simply
went WWOOFing in a small town in Japan. My host, because they bought a newer, flashier model. My
Takeshi, was an organic farmer and the principal of brother discovered a brand new bicycle had been
thrown away because it had had a flat tyre! absolutely incredible. I eventually stumbled across a
Sometimes you need to be shocked to change. A run down hut and ordered some simple udon
waste dump will give you the shock you need to noodles in broth (they tasted extra delicious). Some
move towards creating a healthier, happier way of elderly women noticed I was exhausted and offered
life. me cups of green tea and chocolates. This simple
gesture was so touching. It was getting late so I
Go for a walk. Carl Honore in his best
decided to take the cable car back down the hill. All I
selling book In praise of SLOW points
can remember is sitting in the isolated, cold, dirty
out ‘When we walk, we are aware of
cable car on my own and contrasting the experience
the details around us – birds, trees, the
to my walk. I felt disconnected from the rich
sky, shops and houses, other people. We make
environment I had just experienced and was grateful
connections’. I found this to be true in Japan when I
when the cable car journey was over.
had the option of taking a cable car to get to the top
of a mountain (15 minute journey) or walking up a Grow a plant and watch it grow.
mountain (2 hour journey). I was running low on cash Listen to your surroundings. Sit
at the time so I decided to walk up the mountain. I down and paint a picture of a
saw the greenest, brightest moss on rocks, deers, plant or animal. As you begin to
heard birds singing and even saw a screaming slow down and become more
monkey 20 metres away! There wasn’t a single aware of things occurring in the
human being in sight. When I got to the top of the natural environment, you will be amazed by how
mountain, I was exhausted but the view was much joy you will experience from some of the
simplest things in life. For myself, I started noticing You may have read the last few line and thought ‘that
wonderful quendas (a native Australian bandicoot) sounds nice’ and like many things in life you have
running around my university campus. I also noticed good intentions to develop yourself and engage in
that my pet chickens didn’t just sit around all day but different activities but life often gets in the way. You
they liked to jump up to snatch low hanging grapes may tell yourself ‘One day I will go camping on the
off vines, come running when my mum would call weekend’ or ‘Someday I will start painting’ and more
them, come back to their pen at night and be often than not, it never happens. ‘One day’ keeps
extremely curious about everything in our garden. I getting pushed further and further into the future. We
never could have imagined that watching these can’t act in a ‘one day, someday’ manner because
simple creatures would be so amazing! the climate isn’t going to stop and wait for us. We
must develop our connection and start taking actions
There are many other things you can do to develop
quickly to get our lives and houses in order.
your connection with nature. One thing is for sure,
the more you develop your connection to it, the
deeper your experience of life will be. You will
become happier. You will also have more energy to
do what you can to address global warming.

CHAPTER 10
Evangelical Christian leaders
IT’S OK, YOU’RE are one example. Over 85
NOT ALONE! evangelical leaders including
Presidents of evangelical
We must not, in trying to think about how
colleges, leaders of aid groups
we can make a big difference, ignore the
and churches have backed a
small daily differences we can make
major initiative, The
which, over time, add up to a big
Evangelical Climate Initiative
difference that we often cannot foresee
(www.christiansandclimate.org), to fight global warming.
The Statement of the Evangelical Call to Action
- Marian Wright Edelman
declares ‘Christians must care about climate change
because they love God the Creator and Jesus our
You may know people who drive around town in big Lord, through whom and for whom the creation was
gas guzzling cars and constantly brag about their made. This is God’s world, and any damage that we
next trip overseas. Seeing and hearing these things do to God’s world is an offence against God Himself
may make you cringe, feel disheartened and want to (Gen. 1; Ps. 24; Col. 1:16)’. There is also a biblically
give up. But please don’t. There are a growing inspired environment movement called ‘creation
number of people and groups who are trading in their care’, which is based on the idea that Christians
big cars for smaller, fuel efficient vehicles and have an obligation as described in the Book of
changing their behaviours to help the environment. Genesis to ‘replenish the earth’ as god’s stewards.

Prominent religious leader, Chrysler and Nissan) asking
Pope Benedict XVI, is doing to be compensated for the
his bit for global warming. damage the emissions have
Last year he urged his caused and are causing to
followers not to squander the world’s resources and human health, the economy and environment. The
now he is installing photovoltaic solar panels on the state of California alleged emissions from the cars
roof of the Paul VI auditorium in Vatican City. The made by the six firms account for 30% of all of
solar panels will generate enough power to light, California’s CO2 and 9% of the world’s total CO2
heat or cool the auditorium which sits 6,300 people. emissions. This year the U.S. Supreme Court also
He is also considering installing solar panels on other ruled that CO2 is a pollutant, and therefore can be
buildings (with the exception of St Peter’s Basilica regulated under the Clean Air Act.
and other historical landmarks).
Several lawsuits have also taken place in Australia.
th
The law can be a powerful and effective tool to bring On the 7 November 2006, the Queensland
about climate change protection. Over the last few Conservation Council lodged an objection to the
years lawsuits have been brought against proposed expansion of a coal mine by Xstrata Coal
governments, fossil fuel industries and automotive Qld Pty Ltd. The expansion would result in 28.5
manufacturers in an attempt to make them million tonnes of coal being produced and 84 million
responsible for their contribution to the climate crisis. tonnes of greenhouse gases would be released from
The state of California sued six car manufacturing mining, transporting and using the coal. It was
firms (General Motors, Toyota, Ford, Honda, argued that this amount of greenhouse gas
emissions would contribute significantly to global bring like-minded people together to work on projects
warming. Queensland Conservation Council wanted that make a difference to local communities.
reasonable conditions imposed on the mine to
Rupert Murdoch
mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions.
(controlling shareholder,
Unfortunately, the Queensland Land & Resource
chairman and managing
Tribunal who heard the case dismissed the objection
director of the largest
and recommended that the mine be approved
media conglomerate,
without placing any conditions on emissions.
News Corporation)
Recently, Friends of the Earth (Canada) sued the recently announced his
Canadian Government for having abandoned its intention to be carbon neutral across all his
international commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to businesses by 2100. Murdoch stated in his inspiring
reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Canada’s speech that the first step towards accomplishing this
greenhouse gas emissions are presently 34% above goal was to measure his carbon footprint (In 2006
their 6% reduction target set by Kyoto. Murdoch’s empire had a carbon footprint of 641,150
tonnes). The second step is to switch to using
Grassroots action groups are being
renewable energy sources and the third step is to
formed all over the world. Jane
offset any greenhouse gas emissions (if necessary).
Goodall’s Roots & Shoots
Just imagine what would be possible if all the news
(www.rootsandshoots.org) and GetUp!
organisations became carbon neutral? ‘It will be the
(www.getup.org.au) are examples of organisations that
same as turning off all the electricity in the city of
London for five full days’ said Murdoch. What would Schools have begun to empower students to
be possible if all corporations (not just news conserve energy and help others to do the same. At
corporations) took on this challenge? Murdoch is Mary E. Silveira School in San Rafael, California, a
quick to point out that by reducing his use of energy group of students (The energy team) conduct energy
it also reduces his costs. It is a win-win situation. audits and write notes to teachers, reminding them to
turn off their lights and computers when a class goes
Wal-mart (a business with more
out for lunch. But it doesn’t stop there. The school’s
than 7,000 stores and 1.8 million
energy team joined the Affordable Communities
employees) has pledged to install
Energy Education program and spent 2003-2004
solar panels, conserve water and
working with local senior citizens in a housing facility.
start using hybrid vehicles. It has
School Principal Jeanne Casella said of the program
also asked its 60,000 suppliers to make an effort to
‘The kids put up energy-reminder signs and
reduce packaging, waste and energy use. By 2020,
doorknob bookmarks in English and Spanish, and
Wal-mart is expected to save $494 million a year by
helped the residents to replace traditional light bulbs
adopting energy efficient behaviours (i.e. using fuel
with energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs
efficient truck fleets and building stores that are more
and to take other simple actions. They saved the
energy efficient).
seniors about 5 percent on their energy bills while
learning about energy efficiency themselves’. Not
only did the seniors benefit from the experience, but
th
so did the children. 5 grade member of the energy

team, Sara Lee, said ‘We go around to the Start with something easily do-able like changing to
apartments checking that the lights are off and on, so natural power [green power], changing to compact
that we can save them money on their energy bill. fluorescent light bulbs and low flow shower heads (if
The money they save goes to the fun stuff they do’. you haven’t already done so). Once you make the
Children feel great when they can help someone and changes you’ll find it’ll give you more quality of life,
make a difference at the same time. not less. But be concerned, be fearful enough to
keep making changes – keep your emissions
We’re at a turning point where more and more
trending down. Aim to halve your emissions in two
people, groups and corporations are catching onto
years; use the greenhouse gas calculator
the need to take action to leave behind a healthy
(www.carbonneutral.com.au) to keep track of your
planet for the next generation. No longer can we use
emissions. Be afraid of the consequences of
the lame excuses ‘No one else is doing anything, so
‘business as usual’; there’s a lot at stake – the future
why should I?’ and ‘It’s going to cost too much’
of human civilisation. The only way we will get there
because they’re simple not true. Each of us now has
is one by one, each changing our ways and
a moral and ethical duty to take action to reduce our
encouraging each other.
greenhouse gas emissions.
We have a moment. Let’s use this moment to make
Finally, I’d like to leave you with the inspiring words
a difference.
of sustainability consultant, Ben Rose. His advice to
us all regarding the climate challenge is as follows:

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ABOUT JANE GENOVESE

Jane Genovese is a public speaker, university graduate of Law and Arts

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 1

This book is for you all.

This book contains a series of mind maps. You may be thinking

Why have I bothered to use mind maps? A mind map is an

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 3

Introduction: The Wake Up Call 5

Why We Need Change

Chapter 2: Understanding Global Warming 22

Chapter 3: The Big Polluters 32

Chapter 4: Too Close for Comfort: Overpopulation 38

Chapter 5: You Have the Power! 49

Chapter 6: What about the Government? 61

Chapter 8: Goal Setting for a Liveable Planet 75

Chapter 9: Connecting with Nature 88

Who Has Changed

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 4

else really mattered to me. need.

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 5

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 6

It was a struggle for me to find the motivation to try to

WAKING UP instant gratification.

The frog does not drink up the

We live in an industrial growth society that worships

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 9

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 10

What is meant by the term cynicism? Cynicism is a

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 11

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 12

Fear of guilt: If we are aware about the problems in

Fear of pain: Fundamentally, we are pleasure

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 13

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 14

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 15

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 16

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 18

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 19

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 20

You may be thinking ‘But I like flying!’ or ‘I love

We have a choice and we should choose not to be

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 21

decade at the most (infrared) and this is absorbed by the greenhouse

To fully understand what is meant

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 25

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 27

A four degree increase in Finally, a six degree increase

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 30

The science is in and it is painfully clear, global

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 33

• Who is funding or sponsoring this scientist?

Dr Karl Kruszelnicki states:

You don’t get a plumber to build a fence for you, and

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 36

Global warming is a by product of a bigger, more complex? Well, it isn’t.

serious issue: overpopulation. One doesn’t need

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 38

© 2007 Jane Genovese. All rights reserved. Page 40

The tragedy of the commons situation that is