Artificial

Intelligence
INTRODUCTION
Introduction to AI
Definition:
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of
human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think and learn.

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of

computer systems that can perform tasks that
typically require human intelligence, such as learning,
problem-solving, and decision-making.

 Artificial Intelligence (AI), which refers to the

simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think like humans and mimic their
actions. The term may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits associated with a human
mind such as learning and problem-solving.
Here's a brief
history of 1950s: The Dartmouth Summer Research Project

Artificial •The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined by John McCarthy.

•The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was the first AI

Intelligence
conference.
1951: Turing Test
•Alan Turing proposed the Turing Test to measure a machine's ability to

(AI):
exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of
a human.
Turing test:

 Turing test: ultimate test for acting

humanly
 Computer and human both
interrogated by judge
 Computer passes test if judge can’t
tell the difference
How effective is this test?

Agent must:
▪ Have command of language
▪ Have wide range of knowledge
▪ Demonstrate human traits (humor,
emotion)
▪ Be able to reason
▪ Be able to learn
Here's a brief 1956: First AI Program
•The first AI program, Logical Theorist, was developed by Allen Newell and

history of
Herbert Simon.
1960s: Rule-Based Expert Systems

Artificial
•The development of rule-based expert systems, which mimicked human
decision-making abilities.
•The creation of ELIZA, a natural language processing (NLP) program.

Intelligence 1970s: Machine Learning

•The development of machine learning algorithms, which enabled machines

(AI): to learn from data.

•The creation of the first AI laboratory, the Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
1980s: Expert Systems
•The rise of expert systems, which were designed to mimic human expertise
in specific domains.
•The development of the first AI-powered robot, the Stanford Cart.
Here's a brief 1990s: AI Winter

history of
•A decline in AI research and funding, due to the failure of many AI projects
to deliver on their promises.
•The development of the first AI-powered virtual assistant, Microsoft Agent.

Artificial 2000s: AI Resurgence

•A resurgence of interest in AI, driven by advances in computing power, data

Intelligence
storage, and machine learning algorithms.
•The development of the first AI-powered self-driving cars.

(AI):
2010s: Deep Learning
•The development of deep learning algorithms, which enabled machines to
learn complex patterns in data.
•The creation of the first AI-powered virtual assistants, such as Siri, Alexa,
and Google Assistant.
Present Day: AI Advancements
•Continued advances in machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.
•The development of new AI applications, such as chatbots, recommendation systems, and predictive
analytics
 1. Narrow or Weak AI 5. Reactive Machines
•Designed to perform a specific task, •Simplest type of AI, which reacts to
such as facial recognition, language currently existing situations.
translation, or playing chess. •Does not form memories or use past
•Operates under a limited pre- experiences to influence decisions.
defined range or set of contexts.

Types of (AI),
6. Limited Memory
2. General or Strong AI •AI that can store and use data for a
•Hypothetical AI that can perform short period.

including:
any intellectual task that a human •Used in applications such as image
can. recognition and natural language
•Would possess the ability to processing.
understand, learn, and apply 7. Theory of Mind
knowledge like humans.
•AI that can understand and interpret
3. Superintelligence human emotions and behavior.
•Significantly more intelligent than •Would possess the ability to
the best human minds. recognize and respond to human
•Would possess the ability to solve emotions.
complex problems that are 8. Self-Awareness
unsolvable by humans.
•AI that has a sense of its own
4. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) existence and can recognize itself as
•Hypothetical AI that can understand, an individual entity.
learn, and apply knowledge like •Would possess the ability to reflect
humans. on its own thoughts and emotions.
•Would possess the ability to reason,
solve problems, and learn from
experience.
 1. Virtual Assistants detection, and decision-making.
Google Assistant, and Alexa are 6. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Siri,
examples of virtual assistants that use AI
to understand voice commands and AI-powered NLP is used in various
perform tasks. applications, including language
translation, sentiment analysis, and text
2. Image Recognition summarization.

AI has AI-powered image recognition is used 7. Robotics

in various applications, including facial
recognition, object detection, and self- AI is used in robotics to enable robots
to learn from their environment, make

applications,
driving cars.
decisions, and perform complex tasks.
3. Healthcare
8. Education

including:
AI is used in healthcare for diagnosis,
personalized medicine, and predictive AI is used in education to provide
analytics. personalized learning experiences,
grade assignments, and offer student
AI-powered chatbots are also used to support.
provide patient support and answer
medical queries. 9. Customer Service

4. Finance AI-powered chatbots are used in

customer service to provide 24/7
AI is used in finance for risk analysis, support, answer queries, and help with
portfolio management, and algorithmic transactions.
trading.
10. Cybersecurity
AI-powered chatbots are also used to
provide customer support and answer AI is used in cybersecurity to detect
financial queries. and prevent cyber threats, such as
malware, phishing attacks, and
5. Self-Driving Cars ransomware.
AIis used in self-driving cars to enable
autonomous navigation, object
 1. Increased Efficiency 6. Improved Customer Service
•Automates repetitive tasks, freeing up human •Provides 24/7 customer support through
resources for more strategic and creative work. chatbots and virtual assistants.
•Enhances productivity and efficiency in various •Enhances customer experience through
industries, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and personalized recommendations and offers.
finance. 7. Increased Safety
2. Improved Accuracy •Supports predictive maintenance, reducing the

The •Reduces errors and improves accuracy in tasks risk of accidents and equipment failures.
such as data entry, bookkeeping, and medical
diagnosis.
•Enhances security by detecting and preventing
cyber threats.

importants •Enhances the quality of products and services by 8. Scientific Breakthroughs

detecting defects and anomalies.
3. Enhanced Decision-Making
•Supports scientific research and discovery,

of (AI)
enabling breakthroughs in fields such as medicine
•Provides insights and patterns in data, enabling astronomy, and climate science.
businesses to make informed decisions. •Analyzes large datasets, revealing patterns and
•Supports predictive analytics, helping insights that humans may miss.
organizations to forecast future trends and 9. Accessibility
outcomes.
•Enables people with disabilities to interact with
4. Personalization technology, enhancing their quality of life.
•Enables businesses to offer personalized •Supports language translation, breaking down
products and services, enhancing customer language barriers and enhancing global
experience and loyalty. communication.
•Supports tailored marketing and advertising, 10. Economic Growth
increasing the effectiveness of campaigns.
•Drives economic growth by creating new
5. Cost Savings industries, jobs, and opportunities.
•Reduces labor costs by automating tasks and •Enhances competitiveness, enabling businesses
processes. to innovate and stay ahead of the competition.
•Minimizes waste and optimizes resource
allocation, leading to cost savings.
 1. Job Displacement such as creating deepfakes, spreading
misinformation, or automating cyber
AI may automate jobs, potentially attacks.
displacing human workers, especially in
sectors with repetitive or routine tasks. 7. Impact on Human Relationships
2. Bias and Fairness Over-reliance on AI-powered
communication tools can potentially
AI systems can perpetuate biases erode human relationships and social
present in the data used to train them, skills.
leading to unfair outcomes and
decisions. 8. Accountability and Liability

3. Security Risks As AI systems become more

autonomous, it can be unclear who is
AI systems can be vulnerable to cyber accountable and liable for their actions
attacks, potentially compromising and decisions.
sensitive data and putting individuals
and organizations at risk. 9. Environmental Impact

4. Lack of Transparency The development and deployment of

AI systems can have a significant
AI decision-making processes can be environmental impact, including
opaque, making it difficult to energy consumption and e-waste
understand how decisions are made generation.

Some potential
and potentially leading to mistrust.
10. Existential Risks
5. Dependence on Data Quality
Some experts worry about the potential

cons of (AI):
AI systems are only as good as the data existential risks of advanced AI,
they are trained on, and poor-quality including the possibility of AI surpassing
data can lead to inaccurate or biased human intelligence and becoming
results. uncontrollable.
6. Potential for Misuse

AI can be used for malicious purposes,

 AI tools
Natural Language Processing 2.Chatfuel: A platform for building chatbots
without coding.
(NLP) Tools 3.MobileMonkey: A platform for building chatbots
1.Dialogflow: A Google-owned platform for with a visual interface.
building conversational interfaces.
2.IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding: A
Predictive Analytics Tools
1.Google Cloud AI Platform: A managed platform
cloud-based API for text analysis.
for building, deploying, and managing ML models.
3.Stanford CoreNLP: A Java library for NLP tasks.
2.Amazon SageMaker: A fully managed service for
Machine Learning (ML) Tools building, training, and deploying ML models.
1.TensorFlow: An open-source ML framework 3.Microsoft Azure Machine Learning: A cloud-
developed by Google. based platform for building, training, and deploying
2.PyTorch: An open-source ML framework ML models.
developed by Facebook. Other AI Tools
3.Scikit-learn: A Python library for ML.
1.Google Cloud Vision API: A cloud-based API for
Computer Vision Tools image analysis.
1.OpenCV: A computer vision library with a wide 2.IBM Watson Assistant: A cloud-based AI platform
range of features. for building conversational interfaces.
2.TensorFlow Object Detection: A library for object 3.Microsoft Bot Framework: A set of tools for
detection tasks. building conversational AI solutions.
3.Adobe Sensei: A cloud-based API for computer These are just a few examples of AI tools. There are
vision tasks. many more tools and platforms available, each with
Chatbot Tools their own strengths and weaknesses.
 Studying AI:
The study of Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves exploring the
development, application, and implications of intelligent machines.
Here's an overview:

Subfields of AI
1.Machine Learning (ML): Study of algorithms that enable machines to learn from data.
2.Natural Language Processing (NLP): Study of interaction between computers and human language.
3.Computer Vision: Study of algorithms that enable machines to interpret and understand visual data.
4.Robotics: Study of design, construction, and operation of robots.
5.Expert Systems: Study of systems that mimic human decision-making abilities.
6.Search Techniques:
Uninformed Search: Search algorithms that do not use any additional information about the problem, such as Breadth-First
Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS).
Informed Search: Search algorithms that use additional information about the problem, such as heuristic functions, to guide
the search, such as Best-First Search and A* Search.
Studying AI:
The study of Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves exploring the
development, application, and implications of intelligent machines.
Here's an overview:

AI Study Areas
1.Foundations of AI: Study of mathematical and computational foundations of AI.

2.AI Applications: Study of applications of AI in various domains, such as healthcare, finance, and education.

3.AI Ethics: Study of ethical implications of AI development and deployment.

4.Human-Computer Interaction: Study of design and evaluation of interfaces between humans and machines.
(AI) in the medical Field
1. Medical Imaging Analysis  Future Directions
2. Clinical Decision Support Systems As AI continues to evolve, we can expect:
3. Predictive Analytics ▪ Increased adoption of AI-powered diagnostic tools
▪ Greater emphasis on explainable AI and
4. Personalized Medicine transparency

5. Virtual Nursing Assistants ▪ Integration of AI with other technologies, such as IoT

and blockchain
6. Disease Diagnosis ▪ Expanded use of AI in personalized medicine and
genomics
7. Drug Discovery
▪ Growing focus on AI-driven healthcare policy and
8. Patient Engagement decision-making

9. Medical Research
10. Healthcare Management
 AI in HealthCare

Benefits Challenges
AI in healthcare has the potential to: However, AI in healthcare also raises several challenges,
•Improve patient outcomes and quality of life including:
•Enhance patient engagement and experience •Data quality and availability
•Increase efficiency and reduce costs •Algorithmic bias and transparency
•Support personalized and precision medicine •Regulatory frameworks and standards
•Facilitate medical research and discovery •Cybersecurity and patient data protection
•Clinician-AI collaboration and trust
AI Course LO ‘s
Knowledge Outcomes
1. Understanding of AI fundamentals: Students will understand the basic concepts of AI, including machine
learning, deep learning, Searching Techniques, and natural language processing.
2. Knowledge of AI techniques: Students will learn various AI techniques, such as supervised and
unsupervised learning, neural networks, and decision trees.
3. Familiarity with AI frameworks and tools: Students will learn about popular AI frameworks and tools,
such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Keras.

Skill Outcomes
1. Programming skills: Students will develop programming skills in languages such as Python, R, or Julia.
2. Data preprocessing and analysis: Students will learn how to preprocess and analyze data for AI
applications.
3. Model development and deployment: Students will learn how to develop, train, and deploy AI models.
4. Problem-solving and critical thinking: Students will develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills to
apply AI to real-world problems.
AI Course LO ‘s
Application Outcomes
1. AI application development: Students will learn how to develop AI applications in areas such as computer
vision, natural language processing, and robotics.
2. AI for data science: Students will learn how to apply AI to data science problems, such as predictive
modeling and data visualization.
3. AI for business and society: Students will learn about the ethical, social, and economic implications of AI
and how to apply AI to real-world problems.

Soft Skill Outcomes

1. Communication skills: Students will develop communication skills to explain AI concepts and applications to
non-technical stakeholders.
2. Collaboration skills: Students will learn how to work in teams to develop AI applications.
3. Lifelong learning skills: Students will develop skills to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in AI.
Topics to be Covered

1.Machine Learning (ML): Study of algorithms that enable machines to learn from data.
2.Natural Language Processing (NLP): Study of interaction between computers and
human language.
3. Search Techniques:
 Uninformed Search: Search algorithms that do not use any additional
information about the problem, such as Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-
First Search (DFS).
 Informed Search: Search algorithms that use additional information about the
problem, such as heuristic functions, to guide the search, such as Best-First
Search and A* Search.
4. Computer Vision: Study of algorithms that enable machines to interpret and
understand visual data.
5. Robotics: Study of design, construction, and operation of robots.
6. Expert Systems: Study of systems that mimic human decision-making abilities.
Thank you