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Exam : NCA-AIIO

Title : NVIDIA-Certified Associate AI

Infrastructure and Operations

Vendor : NVIDIA

Version : DEMO

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NO.1 In your AI data center, you need to ensure continuous performance and reliability across all
operations. Which two strategies are most critical for effective monitoring? (Select two)
A. Conducting weekly performance reviews without real-time monitoring
B. Using manual logs to track system performance daily
C. Disabling non-essential monitoring to reduce system overhead
D. Deploying a comprehensive monitoring system that includes real-time metrics on CPU, GPU, and
memory usage
E. Implementing predictive maintenance based on historical hardware performance data
Answer: D E
Explanation:
For continuous performance and reliability:
* Deploying a comprehensive monitoring system(D) with real-time metrics (e.g., CPU/GPU usage,
memory, temperature via nvidia-smi) enables immediate detection of issues, ensuring optimal
operation in an AI data center.
* Implementing predictive maintenance(E) uses historical data (e.g., failure patterns) to anticipate
and prevent hardware issues, enhancing reliability proactively.
* Weekly reviews(A) lack real-time responsiveness, risking downtime.
* Manual logs(B) are slow and error-prone, unfit for continuous monitoring.
* Disabling monitoring(C) reduces overhead but blinds operations to issues.
NVIDIA's monitoring tools support D and E as best practices.

NO.2 A financial institution is deploying two different machine learning models to predict credit
defaults. The models are evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE) as the primary metric. Model A
has an MSE of 0.015, while Model B has an MSE of 0.027. Additionally, the institution is considering
the complexity and interpretability of the models. Given this information, which model should be
preferred and why?
A. Model A should be preferred because it has a more complex architecture, leading to better long-
term performance.
B. Model B should be preferred because it has a higher MSE, indicating it is less likely to overfit.
C. Model A should be preferred because it is more interpretable than Model B.
D. Model A should be preferred because it has a lower MSE, indicating better performance.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Model A should be preferred because its lower MSE (0.015 vs. 0.027) indicates better performance in
predicting credit defaults, as MSE measures prediction error (lower is better). Complexity and
interpretability are secondary without specific data, but NVIDIA's ML deployment guidelines prioritize
performance metrics like MSE for financial use cases. Option A assumes complexity improves
performance, unverified here.
Option B misinterprets higher MSE as beneficial. Option C lacks interpretability evidence. NVIDIA's
focus on accuracy supports Option D.

NO.3 You are designing a data center platform for a large-scale AI deployment that must handle
unpredictable spikes in demand for both training and inference workloads. The goal is to ensure that
the platform can scale efficiently without significant downtime or performance degradation. Which
strategy would best achieve this goal?

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A. Deploy a fixed number of high-performance GPU servers with auto-scaling based on CPU usage.
B. Implement a round-robin scheduling policy across all servers to distribute workloads evenly.
C. Migrate all workloads to a single, large cloud instance with multiple GPUs to handle peak loads.
D. Use a hybrid cloud model with on-premises GPUs for steady workloads and cloud GPUs for scaling
during demand spikes.
Answer: D
Explanation:
A hybrid cloud model with on-premises GPUs for steady workloads and cloud GPUs for scaling during
demand spikes is the best strategy for a scalable AI data center. This approach, supported by NVIDIA
DGX systems and NVIDIA AI Enterprise, leverages local resources for predictable tasks while tapping
cloud elasticity (e.g., via NGC or DGX Cloud) for bursts, minimizing downtime and performance
degradation.
Option A (fixed servers with CPU-based scaling) lacks GPU-specific adaptability. Option B (round-
robin) ignores workload priority, risking inefficiency. Option C (single cloud instance) introduces
single-point failure risks. NVIDIA's hybrid cloud documentation endorses this model for large-scale AI.

NO.4 Your organization runs multiple AI workloads on a shared NVIDIA GPU cluster. Some workloads
are more critical than others. Recently, you've noticed that less critical workloads are consuming
more GPU resources, affecting the performance of critical workloads. What is the best approach to
ensure that critical workloads have priority access to GPU resources?
A. Implement GPU Quotas with Kubernetes Resource Management
B. Use CPU-based Inference for Less Critical Workloads
C. Upgrade the GPUs in the Cluster to More Powerful Models
D. Implement Model Optimization Techniques
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ensuring critical workloads have priority in a shared GPU cluster requires resource control.
Implementing GPU Quotas with Kubernetes Resource Management, using NVIDIA GPU Operator,
assigns resource limits and priorities, ensuring critical tasks (e.g., via pod priority classes) access GPUs
first. This aligns with NVIDIA's cluster management in DGX or cloud setups, balancing utilization
effectively.
CPU-based inference (Option B) reduces GPU load but sacrifices performance for non-critical tasks.
Upgrading GPUs (Option C) increases capacity, not priority. Model optimization (Option D) improves
efficiency but doesn't enforce priority. Quotas are NVIDIA's recommended strategy.

NO.5 Your AI team notices that the training jobs on your NVIDIA GPU cluster are taking longer than
expected.
Upon investigation, you suspect underutilization of the GPUs. Which monitoring metric is the most
critical to determine if the GPUs are being underutilized?
A. GPU Utilization Percentage
B. Memory Bandwidth Utilization
C. Network Latency
D. CPU Utilization
Answer: A

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Explanation:
GPU Utilization Percentage is the most direct metric to assess whether GPUs are underutilized during
training. Measured as a percentage of time the GPU is actively processing tasks, it's available via
NVIDIA tools like nvidia-smi and DCGM (Data Center GPU Manager). A low percentage (e.g., below
70-80% during training) indicates the GPU isn't fully engaged, often due to bottlenecks like slow data
loading or inefficient parallelism, common issues in NVIDIA GPU clusters (e.g., DGX systems). This
metric pinpoints the root cause of prolonged training times.
Memory Bandwidth Utilization (Option B) shows memory usage efficiency but not overall GPU
activity.
Network Latency (Option C) affects multi-node setups but isn't a primary indicator of single-GPU
utilization.
CPU Utilization (Option D) reflects CPU load, not GPU performance. NVIDIA's performance tuning
guides prioritize GPU Utilization for diagnosing underutilization.

NO.6 A large enterprise is deploying a high-performance AI infrastructure to accelerate its machine

learning workflows. They are using multiple NVIDIA GPUs in a distributed environment. To optimize
the workload distribution and maximize GPU utilization, which of the following tools or frameworks
should be integrated into their system? (Select two)
A. NVIDIA CUDA
B. NVIDIA NGC (NVIDIA GPU Cloud)
C. TensorFlow Serving
D. NVIDIA NCCL (NVIDIA Collective Communications Library)
E. Keras
Answer: A D
Explanation:
In a distributed environment with multiple NVIDIA GPUs, optimizing workload distribution and GPU
utilization requires tools that enable efficient computation and communication:
* NVIDIA CUDA(A) is a foundational parallel computing platform that allows developers to harness
GPU power for general-purpose computing, including machine learning. It's essential for
programming GPUs and optimizing workloads in a distributed setup.
* NVIDIA NCCL(D) (NVIDIA Collective Communications Library) is designed for multi-GPU and multi-
node communication, providing optimized primitives (e.g., all-reduce, broadcast) for collective
operations in deep learning. It ensures efficient data exchange between GPUs, maximizing utilization
in distributed training.
* NVIDIA NGC(B) is a hub for GPU-optimized containers and models, useful for deployment but not
directly responsible for workload distribution or GPU utilization optimization.
* TensorFlow Serving(C) is a framework for deploying machine learning models for inference, not for
optimizing distributed training or GPU utilization during model development.
* Keras(E) is a high-level API for building neural networks, but it lacks the low-level control needed for
distributed workload optimization-it relies on backends like TensorFlow or CUDA.
Thus, CUDA (A) and NCCL (D) are the best choices for this scenario.

NO.7 Your AI training jobs are consistently taking longer than expected to complete on your GPU
cluster, despite having optimized your model and code. Upon investigation, you notice that some
GPUs are significantly underutilized. What could be the most likely cause of this issue?

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A. Insufficient power supply to the GPUs

B. Inefficient data pipeline causing bottlenecks
C. Inadequate cooling leading to thermal throttling
D. Outdated GPU drivers
Answer: B
Explanation:
An inefficient data pipeline causing bottlenecks is the most likely cause of prolonged training times
and GPU underutilization in an optimized NVIDIA GPU cluster. If the data pipeline (e.g., I/O,
preprocessing) cannot feed data to GPUs fast enough, GPUs idle, reducing utilization and extending
training duration. NVIDIA's
"AI Infrastructure and Operations Fundamentals" and "Deep Learning Institute (DLI)" stress that data
pipeline efficiency is a common bottleneck in GPU-accelerated training, detectable via tools like
NVIDIA DCGM.
Insufficient power (A) would cause crashes, not underutilization. Inadequate cooling (C) leads to
throttling, typically with high utilization. Outdated drivers (D) might degrade performance uniformly,
not selectively.
NVIDIA's diagnostics point to data pipelines as the primary culprit here.

NO.8 An organization is deploying a large-scale AI model across multiple NVIDIA GPUs in a data
center. The model training requires extensive GPU-to-GPU communication to exchange gradients.
Which of the following networking technologies is most appropriate for minimizing communication
latency and maximizing bandwidth between GPUs?
A. InfiniBand
B. Ethernet
C. Wi-Fi
D. Fibre Channel
Answer: A
Explanation:
InfiniBand is the most appropriate networking technology for minimizing communication latencyand
maximizing bandwidth between NVIDIA GPUs during large-scale AI model training. InfiniBand offers
ultra- low latency and high throughput (up to 200 Gb/s or more), supporting RDMA for direct GPU-to
-GPU data transfer, which is critical for exchanging gradients in distributed training. NVIDIA's "DGX
SuperPOD Reference Architecture" and "AI Infrastructure for Enterprise" documentation recommend
InfiniBand for its performance in GPU clusters like DGX systems.
Ethernet (B) is slower and higher-latency, even with high-speed variants. Wi-Fi (C) is unsuitable for
data center performance needs. Fibre Channel (D) is storage-focused, not optimized for GPU
communication.
InfiniBand is NVIDIA's standard for AI training networks.

NO.9 Your AI team is using Kubernetes to orchestrate a cluster of NVIDIA GPUs for deep learning
training jobs.
Occasionally, some high-priority jobs experience delays because lower-priority jobs are consuming
GPU resources. Which of the following actions would most effectively ensure that high-priority jobs
are allocated GPU resources first?
A. Increase the number of GPUs in the cluster

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B. Configure Kubernetes pod priority and preemption

C. Manually assign GPUs to high-priority jobs
D. Use Kubernetes node affinity to bind jobs to specific nodes
Answer: B
Explanation:
Configuring Kubernetes pod priority and preemption (B) ensures high-priority jobs get GPU resources
first.
Kubernetes supports priority classes, allowing high-priority pods to preempt (evict) lower-priority
pods when resources are scarce. Integrated with NVIDIA GPU Operator, this dynamically reallocates
GPUs, minimizing delays without manual intervention.
* More GPUs(A) increases capacity but doesn't prioritize allocation.
* Manual assignment(C) is unscalable and inefficient.
* Node affinity(D) binds jobs to nodes but doesn't address priority conflicts.
NVIDIA's Kubernetes integration supports this feature (B).

NO.10 In a virtualized AI environment, you are responsible for managing GPU resources across
several VMs running different AI workloads. Which approach would most effectively allocate GPU
resources to maximize performance and flexibility?
A. Deploy all AI workloads in a single VM with multiple GPUs to centralize resource management
B. Assign a dedicated GPU to each VM to ensure consistent performance for each AI workload
C. Implement GPU virtualization to allow multiple VMs to share GPU resources dynamically based on
demand
D. Use GPU passthrough to allocate full GPU resources directly to one VM at a time, based on the
highest priority workload
Answer: C
Explanation:
Implementing GPU virtualization to allow multiple VMs to share GPU resources dynamically based on
demand is the most effective approach for maximizing performance and flexibility in a virtualized AI
environment. NVIDIA's GPU virtualization (e.g., via vGPU or GPU Operator in Kubernetes) enables
time- slicing or partitioning (e.g., MIG on A100 GPUs), allowing workloads to access GPU resources as
needed.
This optimizes utilization and adapts to varying demands, as outlined in NVIDIA's "GPU Virtualization
Guide" and "AI Infrastructure for Enterprise." A single VM (A) limits scalability. Dedicated GPUs per
VM (B) wastes resources when idle. GPU passthrough (D) restricts sharing, reducing flexibility. NVIDIA
recommends virtualization for efficient resource allocation in virtualized AI setups.

NO.11 Your organization has deployed a large-scale AI data center with multiple GPUs running
complex deep learning workloads. You've noticed fluctuating performance and increasing energy
consumption across several nodes. You need to optimize the data center's operation and improve
energy efficiency while ensuring high performance. Which of the following actions should you
prioritize to achieve optimized AI data center management and maintain efficient
energyconsumption?
A. Disable power management features on all GPUs to ensure maximum performance
B. Implement GPU workload scheduling based on real-time performance metrics
C. Install additional GPUs to distribute the workload more evenly

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D. Increase the number of active cooling systems to reduce thermal throttling

Answer: B
Explanation:
Implementing GPU workload scheduling based on real-time performance metrics is the priority action
to optimize AI data center management and improve energy efficiency while maintaining
performance. Using tools like NVIDIA DCGM, this approach monitors metrics (e.g., power usage,
utilization) and schedules workloads to balance load, reduce idle time, and leverage power-saving
features (e.g., GPU Boost). This aligns with NVIDIA's "AI Infrastructure and Operations Fundamentals"
for energy-efficient GPU management without sacrificing throughput.
Disabling power management (A) increases consumption unnecessarily. Adding GPUs (C) raises costs
without addressing efficiency. More cooling (D) mitigates symptoms, not root causes. NVIDIA
prioritizes dynamic scheduling for optimization.

NO.12 An enterprise is deploying a large-scale AI model for real-time image recognition. They face
challenges with scalability and need to ensure high availability while minimizing latency. Which
combination of NVIDIA technologies would best address these needs?
A. NVIDIA CUDA and NCCL
B. NVIDIA DeepStream and NGC Container Registry
C. NVIDIA Triton Inference Server and GPUDirect RDMA
D. NVIDIA TensorRT and NVLink
Answer: D
Explanation:
NVIDIA TensorRT and NVLink (D) best address scalability, high availability, and low latency forreal-
time image recognition:
* NVIDIA TensorRToptimizes deep learning models for inference, reducing latency and increasing
throughput on GPUs, critical for real-time tasks.
* NVLinkprovides high-speed GPU-to-GPU interconnects, enabling scalable multi-GPU setups with
minimal data transfer latency, ensuring high availability and performance under load.
* CUDA and NCCL(A) are foundational for training, not optimized for inference deployment.
* DeepStream and NGC(B) focus on video analytics and container management, less suited for
general image recognition scalability.
* Triton and GPUDirect RDMA(C) enhance inference and data transfer, but RDMA is more network-
focused, less critical than NVLink for GPU scaling.
TensorRT and NVLink align with NVIDIA's inference optimization strategy (D).

NO.13 You are managing an AI training workload that requires high availability and minimal latency.
The data is stored across multiple geographically dispersed data centers, and the compute resources
are provided by a mix of on-premises GPUs and cloud-based instances. The model training has been
experiencing inconsistent performance, with significant fluctuations in processing time and
unexpected downtime. Which of the following strategies is most effective in improving the
consistency and reliability of the AI training process?
A. Upgrading to the latest version of GPU drivers on all machines
B. Implementing a hybrid load balancer to dynamically distribute workloads across cloud and on-
premises resources
C. Switching to a single-cloud provider to consolidate all compute resources

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D. Migrating all data to a centralized data center with high-speed networking

Answer: B
Explanation:
Implementing a hybrid load balancer (B) dynamically distributes workloads across cloud and on-
premises GPUs, improving consistency and reliability. In a geographically dispersed setup, latency and
downtime arise from uneven resource utilization and network variability. A hybrid load balancer (e.g.,
using Kubernetes with NVIDIA GPU Operator or cloud-native solutions) optimizes workload
placement based on availability, latency, and GPU capacity, reducing fluctuations and ensuring high
availability by rerouting tasks during failures.
* Upgrading GPU drivers(A) improves performance but doesn't address distributed system issues.
* Single-cloud provider(C) simplifies management but sacrifices on-premises resources and may not
reduce latency.
* Centralized data(D) reduces network hops but introduces a single point of failure and latency for
distant nodes.
NVIDIA supports hybrid cloud strategies for AI training, making (B) the best fit.

NO.14 You are managing an AI infrastructure using NVIDIA GPUs to train large language models for a
social media company. During training, you observe that the GPU utilization is significantly lower than
expected, leading to longer training times. Which of the following actions is most likely to improve
GPU utilization and reduce training time?
A. Use mixed precision training
B. Decrease the model complexity
C. Increase the batch size during training
D. Reduce the learning rate
Answer: A
Explanation:
Using mixed precision training (A) is most likely to improve GPU utilization and reduce training time.
Mixed precision combines FP16 and FP32 computations, leveraging NVIDIA Tensor Cores (e.g., in
A100 GPUs) to perform more operations per cycle. This increases throughput, reduces memory
usage, and keeps GPUs busier, addressing low utilization. It's widely supported in frameworks like
PyTorch and TensorFlow via NVIDIA's Apex or automatic mixed precision (AMP).
* Decreasing model complexity(B) might speed up training but sacrifices accuracy, not addressing
utilization directly.
* Increasing batch size(C) can improve utilization but risks memory overflows if too large, and doesn't
optimize compute efficiency like mixed precision.
* Reducing learning rate(D) affects convergence, not GPU utilization.
NVIDIA promotes mixed precision for large language models (A).

NO.15 Your company is building an AI-powered recommendation engine that will be integrated into
an e-commerce platform. The engine will be continuously trained on user interaction data using a
combination of TensorFlow, PyTorch, and XGBoost models. You need a solution that allows you to
efficiently share datasets across these frameworks, ensuring compatibility and high performance on
NVIDIA GPUs. Which NVIDIA software tool would be most effective in this situation?
A. NVIDIA cuDNN
B. NVIDIA TensorRT

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C. NVIDIA DALI (Data Loading Library)

D. NVIDIA Nsight Compute
Answer: C
Explanation:
NVIDIA DALI (Data Loading Library) is the most effective tool for efficiently sharing datasets across
TensorFlow, PyTorch, and XGBoost in a recommendation engine, ensuring compatibility and high
performance on NVIDIA GPUs. DALI accelerates data preprocessing and loading with GPU-accelerated
pipelines, supporting multiple frameworks and minimizing CPU bottlenecks. This is crucial for
continuous training on user interaction data. Option A (cuDNN) optimizes neural network primitives,
not data sharing.
Option B (TensorRT) focuses on inference optimization. Option D (Nsight Compute) is for profiling,
not data handling. NVIDIA's DALI documentation highlights its cross-framework data pipeline
capabilities.

NO.16 You are working with a large healthcare dataset containing millions of patient records. Your
goal is to identify patterns and extract actionable insights that could improve patient outcomes. The
dataset is highly dimensional, with numerous variables, and requires significant processing power to
analyze effectively.
Which two techniques are most suitable for extracting meaningful insights from this large, complex
dataset?
(Select two)
A. SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique)
B. Data Augmentation
C. Batch Normalization
D. K-means Clustering
E. Dimensionality Reduction (e.g., PCA)
Answer: D E
Explanation:
A large, high-dimensional healthcare dataset requires techniques to uncover patterns and reduce
complexity.
K-means Clustering (Option D) groups similar patient records (e.g., by symptoms or outcomes),
identifying actionable patterns using NVIDIA RAPIDS cuML for GPU acceleration. Dimensionality
Reduction (Option E), like PCA, reduces variables to key components, simplifying analysis while
preserving insights, also accelerated by RAPIDS on NVIDIA GPUs (e.g., DGX systems).
SMOTE (Option A) addresses class imbalance, not general pattern extraction. Data Augmentation
(Option B) enhances training data, not insight extraction. Batch Normalization (Option C) is a training
technique, not an analysis tool. NVIDIA's data science tools prioritize clustering and dimensionality
reduction for such tasks.

NO.17 You are part of a team analyzing the results of a machine learning experiment that involved
training models with different hyperparameter settings across various datasets. The goal is to identify
trends in how hyperparameters and dataset characteristics influence model performance,
particularly accuracy and overfitting. Which analysis method would best help in identifying the
relationships between hyperparameters, dataset characteristics, and model performance?
A. Conduct a correlation matrix analysis between hyperparameters, dataset characteristics, and

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performance metrics.
B. Apply PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to reduce the dimensionality of hyperparameter
settings.
C. Create a bar chart comparing accuracy for different hyperparameter settings.
D. Use a pie chart to show the distribution of accuracy scores across datasets.
Answer: A
Explanation:
To understand how hyperparameters (e.g., learning rate, batch size) and dataset characteristics (e.g.,
size, feature complexity) affect model performance (e.g., accuracy, overfitting), a correlation matrix
analysis is the most effective method. This approach calculates correlation coefficients between all
variables, revealing patterns and relationships-such as whether a higher learning rate correlates with
increased overfitting or how dataset size impacts accuracy. NVIDIA's RAPIDS library, which
accelerates data science workflows on GPUs, supports such analyses by enabling fast computation of
correlation matrices on large datasets, making it practical for AI research.
PCA (Option B) reduces dimensionality but focuses on variance, not direct relationships, potentially
obscuring specific correlations. Bar charts (Option C) are useful for comparing discrete values but lack
the depth to show multivariate relationships. Pie charts (Option D) are unsuitable for trend analysis,
as they only depict proportions. Correlation analysis aligns with NVIDIA's emphasis on data-driven
insights in AI optimization workflows.

NO.18 Which NVIDIA software component is primarily used to manage and deploy AI models in
production environments, providing support for multiple frameworks and ensuring efficient
inference?
A. NVIDIA Triton Inference Server
B. NVIDIA TensorRT
C. NVIDIA NGC Catalog
D. NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit
Answer: A
Explanation:
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server (A) is designed to manage and deploy AI models in production,
supporting multiple frameworks (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch, ONNX) and ensuring efficient inference
on NVIDIA GPUs. Triton provides features like dynamic batching, model versioning, and multi-model
serving, optimizing latency and throughput for real-time or batch inference workloads.It integrates
with TensorRT and other NVIDIA tools but focuses on deployment and management, making it the
primary solution for production environments.
* NVIDIA TensorRT(B) optimizes models for high-performance inference but is a library for model
optimization, not a deployment server.
* NVIDIA NGC Catalog(C) is a repository of GPU-optimized containers and models, useful for sourcing
but not managing deployment.
* NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit(D) is a development platform for GPU programming, not a deployment
solution.
Triton's role in production inference is well-documented in NVIDIA's AI ecosystem (A).

NO.19 In an AI infrastructure setup, you need to optimize the network for high-performance data
movement between storage systems and GPU compute nodes. Which protocol would be most

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effective for achieving low latency and high bandwidth in this environment?
A. HTTP
B. SMTP
C. Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)
D. TCP/IP
Answer: C
Explanation:
Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is the most effective protocol for optimizing network
performance between storage systems and GPU compute nodes in an AI infrastructure. RDMA
enables direct memory access between devices over high-speed interconnects (e.g., InfiniBand,
RoCE), bypassing the CPU and reducing latency while providing high bandwidth. This is critical for AI
workloads, where large datasets must move quickly to GPUs for training or inference, minimizing
bottlenecks.
HTTP (A) and SMTP (B) are application-layer protocols for web and email, respectively, unsuitable for
low- latency data movement. TCP/IP (D) is a general-purpose networking protocol but lacks the
performance of RDMA for GPU-centric workloads. NVIDIA's "DGX SuperPOD Reference Architecture"
and "AI Infrastructure and Operations" materials highlight RDMA's role in high-performance AI
networking.

NO.20 You are responsible for managing an AI infrastructure where multiple data scientists are
simultaneously running large-scale training jobs on a shared GPU cluster. One data scientist reports
that their training job is running much slower than expected, despite being allocated sufficient GPU
resources. Upon investigation, you notice that the storage I/O on the system is consistently high.
What is the most likely cause of the slow performance in the data scientist's training job?
A. Incorrect CUDA version installed
B. Inefficient data loading from storage
C. Overcommitted CPU resources
D. Insufficient GPU memory allocation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Inefficient data loading from storage (B) is the most likely cause of slow performance when storage
I/O is consistently high. In AI training, GPUs require a steady stream of data to remain utilized. If
storage I/O becomes a bottleneck-due to slow disk reads, poor data pipeline design, or insufficient
prefetching-GPUs idle while waiting for data, slowing the training process. This is common in shared
clusters where multiple jobs compete for I/O bandwidth. NVIDIA's Data Loading Library (DALI) is
recommended to optimize this process by offloading data preparation to GPUs.
* Incorrect CUDA version(A) might cause compatibility issues but wouldn't directly tie to high storage
I
/O.
* Overcommitted CPU resources(C) could slow preprocessing, but high storage I/O points to disk
bottlenecks, not CPU.
* Insufficient GPU memory(D) would cause crashes or out-of-memory errors, not I/O-related
slowdowns.
NVIDIA emphasizes efficient data pipelines for GPU utilization (B).

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