NumPy
NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays.
It also has functions for working in domain of linear algebra, fourier transform, and matrices.
NumPy was created in 2005 by Travis Oliphant. It is an open source project and you can use it freely.
NumPy stands for Numerical Python.
NumPy aims to provide an array object that is up to 50x faster than traditional Python lists.
The array object in NumPy is called ndarray, it provides a lot of supporting functions that make working with
ndarray very easy.
Arrays are very frequently used in data science, where speed and resources are very important.
Installation
C:\Users\Your Name>pip install numpy
Dimensions
import numpy as np
a = np.array(42)
b = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
c = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
d = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]])
print(a.ndim)
print(b.ndim)
print(c.ndim)
print(d.ndim)
Output Summary
Array Type Example ndim Shape
0D (scalar) np.array(42) 0 ()
1D (vector) np.array([1, 2, 3]) 1 (3,)
2D (matrix) np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]) 2 (2, 3)
3D (tensor) np.array([[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]]) 3 (2, 2, 3)
Access Array Elements
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(arr[0])
Output :
1
Access 2-D Arrays
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1,2,3,4,5], [6,7,8,9,10]])
print('2nd element on 1st row: ', arr[0, 1])
Output:
2
Access 3-D Arrays
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]])
print(arr[0, 1, 2])
The first number represents the first dimension, which contains two arrays:
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
and:
[[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
Since we selected 0, we are left with the first array:
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
The second number represents the second dimension, which also contains two arrays:
[1, 2, 3]
and:
[4, 5, 6]
Since we selected 1, we are left with the second array:
[4, 5, 6]
The third number represents the third dimension, which contains three values:
4
5
6
Since we selected 2, we end up with the third value:
6
Slicing arrays
Slicing in python means taking elements from one given index to another given index.
We pass slice instead of index like this: [start:end].
We can also define the step, like this: [start:end:step].
If we don't pass start its considered 0
If we don't pass end its considered length of array in that dimension
If we don't pass step its considered 1
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(arr[1:5])
Output:
[2,3,4,5]
STEP
Use the step value to determine the step of the slicing:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(arr[1:5:2])
Output:
[2,4]
Shape of an Array
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]])
print(arr.shape)
Output:
(2,4)
Splitting an array
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
newarr = np.array_split(arr, 3)
print(newarr)
Output:
[array([1, 2]), array([3, 4]), array([5, 6])]
Searching Arrays
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4])
x = np.where(arr == 4)
print(x)
Output:
(array([3, 5, 6]),)
Data Types in NumPy
NumPy has some extra data types, and refer to data types with one character, like i for integers, u for unsigned
integers etc.
Below is a list of all data types in NumPy and the characters used to represent them.
● i - integer
● b - boolean
● u - unsigned integer
● f - float
● c - complex float
● m - timedelta
● M - datetime
● O - object
● S - string
● U - unicode string
● V - fixed chunk of memory for other type ( void )
