functions HL [93 marks]

1. SPM.1.AHL.TZ0.4

The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). The graph has a horizontal
asymptote at 𝑦 = −1. The graph crosses the 𝑥-axis at 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 1, and the 𝑦-axis
at 𝑦 = 2.

On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of 𝑦 = [𝑓(𝑥)]2 + 1, clearly showing
any asymptotes with their equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or minima.
[5]
2. EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.5
2𝑥 2 −5𝑥−12
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ −2.
𝑥+2

(a)

Find all the intercepts of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) with both the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes.

[4]

(b)

Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

[1]

(c)

As 𝑥 → ±∞ the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) approaches an oblique straight line asymptote.

Divide 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 12 by 𝑥 + 2 to find the equation of this asymptote.

[4]
3. 23N.2.AHL.TZ1.11
𝑥 2 −14𝑥+24
Consider the function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) , where 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ −3.
2𝑥+6

(a)

State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of 𝑓.

[1]

(b)

Find the coordinates of the points where the graph of 𝑓 crosses the 𝑥-axis.

[2]

The graph of 𝑓 also has an oblique asymptote of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℚ.

(c)

Find the value of 𝑎 and the value of 𝑏.

[4]

(d)

Sketch the graph of 𝑓 for −50 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50, showing clearly the asymptotes and any
intersections with the axes.

[4]

(e)

Find the range of 𝑓.

[4]

(f)

Solve the inequality 𝑓(𝑥) > 𝑥.

[4]
4. 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.6

A function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 where −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is shown below.

(a)

Show that 𝑓 is an odd function.

[2]

(b)

The range of 𝑓 is 𝑎 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏, where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ.

Find the value of 𝑎 and the value of 𝑏.

[6]
5. 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.3
2𝑥−1
A function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = , where 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ −1.
𝑥+1

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

(a.i)

Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

[1]

(a.ii)

Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

[1]

(b)

On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).

On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any points
of intersection with the axes.

[3]
(c)
2𝑥−1
Hence, solve the inequality 0 < < 2.
𝑥+1

[1]

(d)
2|𝑥|−1
Solve the inequality 0 < |𝑥|+1
< 2.

[2]
6. 22M.2.AHL.TZ1.6
1
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.

(a)

Show that 𝑓 is an odd function.

[2]
𝑥−1
The function 𝑔 is given by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3, where 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ −1, 𝑥 ≠ 3.

(b)

Solve the inequality 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥).

[4]
7. 21N.2.AHL.TZ0.10
𝑥 2 −𝑥−12 15
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ .
2𝑥−15 2

Find the coordinates where the graph of 𝑓 crosses the

(a.i)

𝑥-axis.

[2]

(a.ii)

𝑦-axis.

[1]

(b)

Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of 𝑓.

[1]

(c)

The oblique asymptote of the graph of 𝑓 can be written as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℚ.

Find the value of 𝑎 and the value of 𝑏.

[4]

(d)

Sketch the graph of 𝑓 for −30 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 30, clearly indicating the points of intersection
with each axis and any asymptotes.

[3]

(e.i)
1
Express 𝑓(𝑥) in partial fractions.

[3]
8. 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.11
3𝑥+2
The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 −1, for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑝, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑞.

(a)

Find the value of 𝑝 and the value of 𝑞.

[2]

(b)

Find an expression for 𝑓′(𝑥).

[3]

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has exactly one point of inflexion.

(c)

Find the 𝑥-coordinate of the point of inflexion.

[2]

(d)

Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) for −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3, showing the values of any axes
intercepts, the coordinates of any local maxima and local minima, and giving the
equations of any asymptotes.

[5]
4𝑥 2 −1 2
The function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = , for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ − 3.
3𝑥+2

(e)

Find the equations of all the asymptotes on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥).

[4]

(f)

By considering the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥), or otherwise, solve 𝑓(𝑥) < 𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.

[4]

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