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1 Java Basics

The document provides an overview of the Java programming language, highlighting its features such as being high-level, strongly typed, and pure object-oriented. It includes examples of basic Java programs, data types, type conversion, and coding conventions. Additionally, it covers best practices for class and method design in Java.

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sanamre143ucp
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2 views

1 Java Basics

The document provides an overview of the Java programming language, highlighting its features such as being high-level, strongly typed, and pure object-oriented. It includes examples of basic Java programs, data types, type conversion, and coding conventions. Additionally, it covers best practices for class and method design in Java.

Uploaded by

sanamre143ucp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Programming Language

- High Level
- Strongly Typed
- Case Sensitive
- successor of c++
- Pure Object Oriented Language

1- Wrapper

class Test{
public static void main (String a[]) {

}
}

2- Hello World Problem in java


class Test{
public static void main(String a[]) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}

3- Compile Program
set path=c:\temp\jdk1.5\bin
javac Test.java

4- Run Program
java Test

5- More than one Classes


class Test1{
void print () {
System.out.println("Test class");
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String a[]) {

Test1 t=new Test1();


t.print();
}

Rule of Thumb: Don't write extra functions in driver classs


.....................................
6- Extra function and data in driver class

class Test{
int sq(int p){
return p*p;
}
public static void main(String a[]) {
Test t = new Test();
System.out.println(t.sq(4));
}

}
..................................
call without object instaniciation
..................................

class Test{
static int sq(int p){
return p*p;
}
public static void main(String a[]) {
System.out.println(sq(4));
}

}
.....................................
7- Math Class Example
class MyMath{
int sq(int p){
return p*p;
}
int power(int x , int y){
if (y==0)
return 1;
else
return x * power(x,y-1);
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String a[]) {
MyMath m= new MyMath();
System.out.println(m.sq(4));
System.out.println(m.power(2,3));
}
}
.....................................
calling methods without object instanciation
..................................
class MyMath{
static int sq(int p){
return p*p;
}
static int power(int x, int y){
if (y==0)
return 1;
else
return x * power(x,y-1);
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String a[]) {
System.out.println(MyMath.sq(4));
System.out.println(MyMath.power(2,3));
}
}
...................................
8-Naming Conventions and Indentation

Compiler Naming Conventions

- First is $/_/letter, followed by letters/digits/_

$a price_list, a2 2a(illegel)
....................................
Quality coding Standards
....................................
Naming Rules
a) Class name
Shoaib
ShoaibFarooq
EnonomyOfPakistan
Car
Student
StudentTranscript
b) Variables/function Name
shoaib
shoaibFarooq
enonomyOfPakistan
car
student
studentTranscript
c) Constants (AllUpper)
final int A=5;
final int SHOAIB=5;
final int ECONOMYOFPAKISTAN=34;
.....................................
Indentation
class Test{

void f (){

}
while (a>b){

}
.....................................
9- Data Types

1- int (4 bytes) short (2 byte) long (8)


2- float (4bytes) 2.5f
float a=2.5f;
3- double (8 bytes) 2.5
4- byte ( 1 byte)
5- char (2 bytes) unicode ( Range 0 to 65536)
'a' '\n'
'\uxxxx' '\u2345'
'\u' Followed by exactly four hexadecimal digits

6- boolean (true, false)


.....................................
10- Type Conversion
Two Methods
a) Coercion
b) Casting

1- Coercion
- implicit type conversion by compiler
int a=5;
float b=a;//promotion
double g=2.5;
int y=g;//demotion (data loss)
// not allowed
float a=2.5; //demotion
//not allowed

2- Casting
- Explicit type conversion by programmer

double b=2.5;
int x=(int)b;
....................................
Practice 1
class Test{
public static void main(String o[]) {
float a=2.5;

}
}
...................................
Practice 2
class Test{
public static void main(String o[]) {
float a=2.5f;

}
}
.....................................
Practice 3
class Test{
public static void main(String o[]) {
float a=2.5f;
int b=a;

}
}
.........................
Practice 4
class Test{
public static void main(String o[]) {
float a=2.5f;
int b=(int)a;
}
}
....................................
Some Hint from C++
c++

void main() {
int i=1;
int sum=0;
while(i<=3){
float j;
cin>>j;
sum=sum+j;
i++;
}
cout<<sum;
}

...........................

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