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Programming Languages a Tour of Concepts and Paradigms

The document provides an overview of various programming languages, highlighting their key concepts and paradigms such as imperative, object-oriented, functional, and scripting languages. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these languages for programmers and compares notable languages like C, Java, and Python based on their characteristics and use cases. The conclusion stresses the need for continuous learning in the diverse landscape of over 700 programming languages.

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Walid Chaib
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3 views

Programming Languages a Tour of Concepts and Paradigms

The document provides an overview of various programming languages, highlighting their key concepts and paradigms such as imperative, object-oriented, functional, and scripting languages. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these languages for programmers and compares notable languages like C, Java, and Python based on their characteristics and use cases. The conclusion stresses the need for continuous learning in the diverse landscape of over 700 programming languages.

Uploaded by

Walid Chaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Languages: A

Tour of Concepts and


Paradigms
Explore the diverse world of programming languages. This presentation
introduces key concepts and paradigms. Learn about different types of
languages. Understand why studying them is essential for every programmer.

by Walid Chaib
Imperative Languages: Step-by-Step Instructions
Concept Characteristics Example: C

Execute commands in a specific order. Focus on control flow, variables, and Allows direct memory manipulation. Used
This modifies the program's state step by assignments. in system programming.
step.

C powers over 70% of embedded systems worldwide, making it a cornerstone of modern technology.
Object-Oriented Languages:
Modeling with Objects
Concept: Encapsulation Concept: Inheritance
Bundle data and methods that Allows new objects to take on
operate on the data into a the properties of existing
single unit. objects.

Concept: Polymorphism
Enables objects to take on many forms.

Java runs on 3 billion devices. Making it a cornerstone for platform-independent


application development.
Functional Languages: Computing with Expressions

Concept
1
Evaluate expressions.

2 Immutability

3 Recursion

Haskell reduces code defects by up to 40%. Strong typing ensures mathematical reasoning.
Scripting Languages: Glueing Systems Together
Concept
1
Automate tasks with dynamic typing and interpreters.

Characteristics
2
Rapid development, ease of use, interpreted.

Example: Python
3
Data science, web development, scripting.

Python is used by 80% of data scientists for machine learning and data analysis.
Language Comparison: C vs. Java vs. Python
C
Performance-critical systems, low-level control.

Java
Enterprise applications, platform independence.

Python
Rapid development, data science.

C is often 10x faster than Python. While Java offers robust platform independence.
Key Concepts: Variables and Data Types

Data Types
Variables
Define the kind of values a variable can
Named storage locations holding values. 1 2 store.

4 3
Memory Example
C offers fine-grained memory control. Static vs. Dynamic typing (Java vs. Python).
Control Structures: Directing
Program Flow
Conditional Statements Loops
if, else if, else. for, while, do-while.

Syntax
Differences in syntax across languages.

Nested loops can increase time complexity exponentially. Optimize loops for
better performance.
Functions and Modularity: Building Reusable Code

1 Functions

2 Modularity

3 Code Reuse

Functions reduce code duplication by up to 90%. Modularity enhances maintainability.


Conclusion: The Power of
Diverse Languages
Strengths
Each language has strengths and weaknesses.

Choosing
Choosing depends on project requirements.

Learning
Continuous learning is crucial.

Languages
The number of programming languages exceeds 700.

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