HANDBOOK

ON
STRUCTUR~ES WITH STEEL
LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES

(Without

BUREAU
MANAK
I

OF

BHAVAN,

Cranes)

INDIAN
9 BAHADUR

NEW DELHI

STANDARDS
SHAH ZAFAR MARG

110002

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

FIRST

PUBLISHED

0 BUREAU

MARCH

OF INDIAN

1990

STANDARDS

UDC 624.014 (021)

ISBN 81-7061-027-3

PRICE Rs 210.W

PRINTED
1N INDlA
AT KAPOOR ART PRESS, A 3813 MAYAPURI,
NEW DELHI
AND PUBLISHED
BY
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS,
NEW DELHl 110002

II0064

FOREWORD
The Department
of Science and Technology set up an Expert Group on Housing
and Construction
Technology
in 1972. This Group carried out in-depth studies in
various areas of civil engineering,
and construction
practices followed in the
country. During the preparation
of the Fifth Five-Year Plan in 1975, the Group
was assigned the task of producing
a Science and Technology
Plan for research,
development
and extension
work in the sector of housing
and construction
technology.
As a result of this and on the recommendation
of the Department
of
Science and Technology,
the Planning
Commission
approved the following two
projects which were assigned to the Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS).
a) Project B-7 - Development
Programme on Code Implementation
and Civil Engineering
Construction,
and
b) Prqject B-8 -Typification

of Industrial

for Building

Structures

The Bureau has set up a Special Committee for the Implementation

of Science
and Technology
Projects (SCIP) consisting of experts to advise and monitor the
execution of these projects. A Working Group for Project B-8 under SCIP oversees
the work of Project B-8.
In a developing country like India, the capital outlay under each Five-Year Plan
towards
setting up of industries
and consequently
construction
of industrial
buildings
is very high. It is, therefore, necessary that the various parameters
of
industrial buildings be standardized
on broad norms so that it will be feasible to
easily adopt prefabricated
members, particularly
where repetitive structures could
be used.
The standardization
of parameters for industries by itself will be, no doubt, a
difficult task as it will not be possible to specify the requirements
of each industry.
The layout including height will vary from industry to industry, for it depends on
the process of manufacture
and end products.
However, a little more detailed
analysis of the requirements
indicates that the problem may not be as difficult as it
appears. Although
it would not be possible to specify any constraint
on the
parameters,
a broad norm can be given within which most industries
could be
accommodated.
The object of Project B-8 is to typify at national level the common forms of
industrial structures used in light and medium engineering
industries, warehouses,
workshops and process industries,
and to obtain economical
designs under-these
conditions.
Even if an industrial complex is classified as heavy industry, it need not
necessarily mean that all the industrial structures coming within the complex should
be heavy industrial structures and that many structures could be from the typified
design.
The main objective of typification
of industrial structures is to reduce the variety
to the minimum and provide standard prefabricated
designs so that the structures
could be easily mass produced and made available to the user almost off the shelf.
In doing so, there will be tremendous saving in time in putting up an industry into

iii

production
and hence increased production.
This would indirectly
nlcrease the
overall economy of the country. This would also help in the orderly use of scarce
materials
like steel and cement. This would be of immense use to structural
engineers as well, since it would relieve them, to a large extent, from the routine
and repetitive calculations.
Thus the engineers time could be used to look at more
innovative
and economical
alternatives.
The project on typification
of industrial structures involved
main tasks prior to preparation
of typified design:
Task I - Survey
Task IL-

and classification

of industrial

structures

the following

three

into different

types;

Identification
of industrial
structures
repeated a large number of
times in the country, which are amenable for typification
from the
classified list prepared during Task I; and

Task IIJ -Specifying

the elements of the industrial
structures
to bk typified
taking into consideration
a number of parameters,
such as structures
with cranes
and without
cranes,
span length,
height, support
conditions,
slope of roof, wind and earthquake
forces, spacing, field
and shop connections,
material (steel, reinforced
concrete), etc.
The data regarding physical parameters
like span, spacing, roof slope, column
heights, crane loading, etc, of existing structures has been obtained from several
public sector enterprises
through the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE). Some
information
from private industries
has also been collected by BIS.
The typified design for the following types of industrial
structures in steel and
rtinforced
concrete is envisaged to be brought out based on appropriate
Indian
Standards:
a) Steel Structures
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

with steel roof trusses (with and without cranes)

trusses (without cranes)
with steel kneebraced
with steel portal frames (without cranes)
with steel portal frames (with cranes)
with steel lattice portal frames (without cranes)

Structures
Structures
Structures
Structures
Structures

b) Reinforced

Concrete

I) Structures
2) Structures
3) Structures

with
with
with

Structures

R~CC roof trusses (with and without

RCC portal frames (without cranes)
RCC portal frames (with cranes)

In each case of structures with cranes, the maximum capacity

is limited to 20 tonnes, normal range in light industries.

cranes)

of crane considered

The handbook presents analysis and design results for structures with steel lattice
portal frames fabricated
using equal angle sections and lacing rods/angles.
The
portal frame has been analyzed and designed for gravity and lateral loads (wind and
earthquake
forces) using the moment resisting frame action, with pinned and fixed
base alternatives.
The analysis and design results have been presented for purlins,
rafter and -column members,
and base plates.
Adequate wind bracing along the length of the building should be provided to
withstand the wind on end gable, and drag force on the roof and walls. Since the
design for this depends upon the length of the building, locations of the expansion
joint, etc, the typified design of these bracings is not given in the Handbook.
However, an illustrative
example of bracing design has been included.
Some of the points to be noted regarding
are as follows:
a) The typified
Span

have

been given

lengths

Spacing
Roof

designs

analysis

and design of these structures

for the following

= 9, 12, 18, 24 and

of frames

= 4.5 and

slopes

30 metres

6.0 metres

= 1 in 3, 1 in 4 and

iv

parameters:

1 in 5

Column

Suan

6)
9

4.5.
4.5,
6.0,
9.0,
9.0,

f:
32;:
Wind

6.0
6.0, 9.0
9.0, 12.0
12.0
12.0

= I, 11 and

zones

Earthquake
Type

He&h t

(ml

Ill

= I, 11, 111, IV and

zones

= Fixed

of support

and

hinged

b) The analysis
based

of portal frames has been made using a computer

on the stiffness method of analysis.

cl Structural

design

of angle

sections

is based

programme,

on IS 800 : 1984.

pressure/section
specified in IS 875 : 1964 for buildings
permeability
(+ 0.2 p) has been considered
in design.

4 The internal
normal

with

e) The joint detailings

and they should

have been included to illustrate one method of detailing

not be considered as the only available method for detailing.

The typified design results are given for purlins, girts and frame members.
Design of other elements, such as column base plateand
fasteners, and eaves
beam are also covered. Bracing and foundation
designs have not been typified
because of varying design parameters. However, a typical example of bracing
design and a footing design is included.

8) A detailed design example in the design office format is given in the Handbook illustrating
the Handbook.

the use of analysis

and

design

information

presented

in

h) On the basis of typified designs for different

some conclusions
Handbook.

.i) The

Handbook

regarding
is expected

more

spans, spacings, roof slopes, etc,

economical
designs are covered in the

to be used

by qualified

engineers

only.

The Handbook is based on the work done by Structural Engineering Laboratory,

Department
of Civil Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT), Madras.
The draft was circulated for review to National Prqjects Construction
Corporation
Limited, New Delhi; Food Corporation
of India, New Delhi; Hindustan
Prefab
Limited, New Delhi; University of Roorkee, Roorkee; Engineer-in-Chiefs
Branch,
Army Headquarters,
New Delhi; Engineermg
Construction
Corporation
Limited,
Madras;
Braithwaite
and Company
Limited, Calcutta;
C. R. Narayana
Rao
Architects & Engineers, Madras; Metallurgical
and Engineering Consultants
(India)
Limited, Ranchi; Gammon
India Limited, Bombay; Tata Consulting
Engineers,
Bombay;
Engineers
India
Limited,
New Delhi;
National
Thermal Power
Corporation
Limited, New Delhi; Bharat Heavy Electricals
Limited, Ranipet;
Hindustan
Steelworks
Construction
Limited,
Calcutta;
City and Industrial
Development
Corporation
Maharashtra
Limited,
Bombay;
Central
Building
Research lnstitute (CSIR), Roorkee; National Council for Cement and Building
Materi&,
New Delhi; Structural
Engineering
Research Centre (CSIR), Madras;
Central Public Works Department,
New Delhi; M. N. Dastur & Company Private
Limited,
Calcutta;
Braithwaite
Burn
& Jessop
Construction
Company
Limited, Calcutta;
National
Industrial
Development
Corporation
~Limited, New
Delhi; Research,
Designs and Standards
Organization,
Lucknow;
Jessop &
Company Limited, Calcutta; and National Hydraulic Power Corporation
Limited,
New Delhi. The views received have been taken into consideration
while finalizing
the I landbook.

As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank

SPECIAL
COMMITTEE
FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PROJECTS
(SCIP)

REPRESENTING

CHAIRMAN

DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA

National Council for Cement

Materials, New Delhi

and

Building

MEMBERS

DR M. RAMAIAH

Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR),

Madras

DR R. K. BHANDARI

Ce;~~~ke~uilding

SHRI

De;E;;nent

V. RAO AIYAGARI

SHRI T. S. RATNAM

of

Research
Science

Institute

(CSIR),

& Technology,

Bureau of Public Enterprises,

New

New Delhi

SHRI P. K. KALRA
(Akrnate)

SHRI HARISH CHANDRA

Central Public Works Department,

New Delhi

SHRI A. K. BANERJEE

Metallurgical
and
Engineering
(India) Ltd, Ranchi

Consultants

SHRI J. D. CHATURVEDI

Planning Commission,

SHRI G. RAMAN,

Bureau of Indian Standards;

(Member

New Delhi
New Delhi

Secretary)

WORKING

GROUP FOR PROJECT

B-8

CONVENER

DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA

National Council for Cement

Materials, New Delhi

and

Building

MEMBERS

_.

SHRI HARISH CHANDRA

Central Public Works Department;

SHRI S. R. KULKARNI

M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta

SHRI J. C. GANGULY

Braithwaite Burn & .Jessop Construction Co Ltd,

Calcutta

DR P. S,RINIVASARAO
Indian Institute of Technology,
PROF (DR) L. N. RAMAMURTHY
(Alternate)

Vii

New Delhi

Madras

_1_

REPRESENTING

MEMBERS

SHRI A. K. BANERJEE

Metallurgical & Engineering Consultants (India)

Ltd, Ranchi

SHRI P. V. NAIK

Richardson

DR M. RAMAIAH

Str;at.;;i

& Cruddas Ltd, Bombay

Engineering Research Centre (CSIR).

SHRI V. S. PARAMESWARAN
(Alternate)

SHRI C. N. SRINIVASAN

C. R. Narayana
Madras

SHRI A. RAMAKRISHNA

Engineering
Madras

Rao Architects

Construction

& Engineers,

Corporation

Ltd,

Corporation

Ltd,

SHRI S. SURRAMANIAM
(AIternare)

SHRI ASHOK TREHAN

SHRI A. C. GUPTA
(Alternate)

National Thermal
New Delhi

Power

CONTENTS
Page

1. General

. . .

2.

Lattice Portal Frame Analysis

.. .

3.

Design

. . .

4.

Foundation

Forces

. . .

10

-5. Fabrication

Details

...

IO

6.

Design Example

...

17

7.

Summary and Conclusions

. . .

43

. . .

46

Tables

ix

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

GENERAL

1.1 Steel lattice portal frames are one of the structural

The lateral load resistance (due to wind, earthquake,
frame action or by means of longitudinal and lateral
designed for dead, live, wind and earthquake loads
through the purlins and gir_ts.

systems commonly used in industrial buildings.

etc) of such systems may be derived from the
bracings. Lattice steel portal frames have been
as per appropriate Indian Standards applied

The analysis and design results are given for purlins, girts and frame members for the following
parameters:
= 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30 metres

Span length
Spacing of frames

= 4.5 and 6.0 metres

Roof slope

= 1 in 3, 1 in 4 and 1 in 5

Number of bays

= 1

Span
(ml I

Column Height
(m)
4.5, 6.0
4.5, 6.0, 9.0
6.0, 9.0, 12.0
9.0, 12.0
9;0, 12.0

9.0
12.0
18.0
24.0
30.0

= I, II and III

Wind zones
Earthquake

zones

= I, II, III, IV and V

Type of support

= Fixed and hinged

The analysis and design results are presented for both fixed and hinged support conditions.
1.2

Lattice

Portal

Frame

Configuration

Figure 1 shows the configuration of the lattice portal frame. Purlins may be appropriately
the rafter members subject to the maximum spacing of 1.4 m.

located on

The portal frame is discretized into 16 elements for the purpose of analysis, the stanchion being
divided into 3 elements and the rafter into 5 elements as shown in Fig. 1.
1.3

Terminology

Span -The

centre line distance of roof columns in the transverse direction.

Spacing berwem

Portals-

The centre line distance of two portal frames in longitudinal direction.

NODAL NUMBERING SCHEME

MEMBER NUMBERING SCHEME

FIG. 1 ANALYSIS

1i.4YDHOOK

ON STRl:CTl!RES

WITH

STEEL

MODEL OF GABLE FRAME

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988
Slope - It is the slope of the roof material with respect to the span length. It is obtained by dividing
the height of portal frame by half the span.

intersection

It is the height of column centre line from the bottom of base plate to the
of column and beam centre line.

Bay-The

space between successive column of a bent.

Column

Height -

Height of Frame Girts Purlins 2

Beam members carrying side sheeting and supported

carrying

Beam members

LATTICE

2.1

It is the height of the crown of the structure from the base of fixity of column.

Computer

PORTAL

FRAME

by columns.

roof sheeting and supported

by frames or beams.

ANALYSIS

Programme

In the computer programme, the analysis is carried out by the subroutine PFSOLV, which is based on
the direct stiffness method of analysis of plane frames. It automatically generates the necessary data
like nodal coordinates, member properties and nodal forces, given the portal configuration, by calling
CONFIG, AREAS and MEMBER subroutines. It then assembles the global stiffness matrix and the
system equations. Then the boundary conditions are introduced and the system of equations is solved
for the displacements. It then calculates the member end forces. In order to achieve maximum
computational efficiency, the joint loads under the various load cases are stored simultaneously in the
right-hand side, as a force matrix of dimensions (= number of degrees of freedom X number of load
cases) rather than as a vector. Thus the triangularization of the stiffness matrix in the solution by
Gauss-elimination needs~to be performed only once. The portal frame is discretized into 16 elementsfor
the purpose of analysis, the stanchion being divided into 3 elements and the rafter into 5 elements as
shown in Fig. 1.
For the tapered sections, average moments of inertia are computed for each element and used in the
analysis. The comer leg angles of each individual member are kept equal. The moment of inertia at any
section of a latticed member is given by
where
A = area of one of the corner

legs, and

d, = centroidal distance between the corner legs perpendicular to x-axis. Hence, the average moment
of inertia of a member with depths dl and dz at its ends (dl > dz) 1s given by:

When simphfied, this leads to

ZAu = +

(d: + dldz + d:)

The final design typified is for prismatic lattice members due to economy of fabrications.
2.2

Loading

Lattice portal frames have been analyzed for dead load, live load and wind load, and subsequently
checked for earthquake load. The total dead load on the frame, excluding the column portion, varies
from 40 to 60 kgf/m. The live load has been taken on the basis of IS 875 : 1964 provision for roof live
loads after reducing for roof slope and supporting member as allowed in the Code. The basic wind
pressure far the three wind zones have been considered as specifiid in IS 875 : 1964. The internal
pressure/suction specified in IS 875 : 1964, for buildings with normal permeability (k 0.2 p) has been
included. Under each basic wind pressure, the following three different wind load conditions (see
Fig. 2) have been analyzed:
a) Wind perpendicular

to ridge with internal suction (WL1),

b) Wind perpendicular

to ridge with internal pressure (WL),

and

c) Wind parallel to ridge with internal pressure (WLs).

A few typical short and long span lattice portal frames were analyzed for earthquake forces
according to IS 1893 : 1984 and it was found that earthquake forces do not govern the design. The
2

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T):198L
WINDWARDSIDE
EXTERNAL
mPRESSURE
( VARIES WITH ROOF SLOPE )

O*SP

--c

-c

-0.2p

4--c

WLI

*-

ors
P

c--b

WIND PERPENDICULAR TO RIDGE WITH INTERNAL

SUCTION

WINDWARD SIDE
EXTERNAL
PRESSURE
(VARIES WITH ROOF SLOPE)
---c

C
+ 0.2p

--- --,

O*SP *

-*

-+-

o.sp

-,

WL2 WIND PERPENDICULAR TO RIDGE WJTH INTERNAL

PRESSURE

_.,

p-BASIC WIND PRESSWIE

WL3 WIND

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

PARALLEL

TO

FIG. 2

LOAD

WIND

RIDGE WITH INTERNAL

PRESSURE

ON PORTAL FRAMES

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL

FRAMES (Without Cranes)

._&_

.
SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

member forces even due to the severest earthquake

minimum basic wind pressure of 100 kgf/m*.
2.2.1

Load

were found to be less than those due to the

Combination

The following load combination have been considered in calculating the design forces for beam and
column in accordance with IS 875 : 1964.
a) DL+LL
b) 0.75 (DL + C, X WL,)
c) 0.75 (DL + c, X WL2)
d) 0.75 (DL + C,, X WL,)
Where C, = 0.75 for column forces if the building height is less than or equal to 30 metres, C, = 0.75
for beam forces if the height of frame is less than or equal to 10 metres and C,, = 1.0 for other cases. In
the calculation of design forces for dead and wind load combination, the actual forces have been
reduced by 25 percent to account -for 33 i percent increase in allowable stfesses under this load
combination.
2.2.2

Analysis

Results

The maximum governing values of design forces obtained from results of analysis have been presented
in Tables 1 to 24. In these tables column and beam (rafter) forces are given at the base, haunch and
crown of the portal frame. Tables 25 to 48 give forces for foundation design.
3

DESIGN

The design of lattice portal frame members, purlins, base plate, etc, has been made following the
provisions of IS 800 : 1984.

3.1

Allowable stress in the design for hot rolled sections is taken from IS 800 : 1984 corresponding to
steel conforming to IS 226 : 1975 and IS 2062 : 1984. Allowable stress in the design of bolts is taken
~from IS 3757 : 1972 corresponding to steel conforming to IS 2062 : 1984. Since forces in members due
to wind load combination have been already reduced to account for increase in allowable stress, no
further increase in allowable stress is considered in the ~design. The design assumptions and
methodology of design are described below.
3.2

Purlin

and Girt Design

The purlins have been designed to span the spacing between frames (4.5 an.l 6.0 m) and transfer the
loads from sheeting to the frames taking into consideration biaxial bending. The self weight and roof
sheeting weight dare the dead loads, the prescribed live load after reduction for the roof slope is the live
load, and the maximum possible uplift including that due to internal pressure is the wind load that the
purlins and girts have been designed for.
The maximum spacing between purlins has been taken as 1.4 m and maximum spacing between girts
has been taken as 1.7 m for 6 mm thick asbestos sheets laid in accordance with IS 3007 (Part 1) : 1964.
The design has been ~done using asbestos cement (AC) sheeting for all cladding. However, corrugated
galvanized iron (CGI) sheet cladding may also be used with the same spacing and size of purlin or girt.
If purlins/girts are spaced farther apart to support CGI sheeting as recommended by manufacturers,
the purlins and girts will have to be redesigned for additional loading. The main frame members,
however, need not be changed. The purlins and girts have been designed to span between the rafters or
columns spaced at 4.5 or 6.0 m and to transfer the loads (dead, live, wind and earthquake loads) from
the sheeting to the supporting frame taking into consideration biaxial bending. The purlinssand girts
have been designed for the normal wind pressure on claddings according to IS 875 : 1964 for the case
of buildings with normal permeability. However, claddings and cladding fasteners have to be designed
for increased wind pressure due to local effects according to IS 875 : 1964.
The design has been presented for channel purlins/girts and also for tubular purlins/girts.
design for channel purlinslgirts is given with sag rod in the mid-span and-also without the
sag rod. ~When sag rods are used, the diagonal sag rods are to be provided at the topmost
also at every eighth panel for puilins and at every seventh panel of girts. The design
purlins/girts is based on IS 806 : 1968.

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WlTH

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

However,
use of any
panel and
of tubular

FRA-MES (Without

Cranes)

-...

1.

,I-

_I

-______..._.____

._

SP 47 (S&T) : 1,988

The typified purlins and girts sizes are as follows:

Purlins (For All 3 Wind Zones)
a) Channels
Span

Maximum

Spacing

Purlin Size
A
Without Sag Rod
With Sag Rod

(ml
4.5

(ml
1.4

ISMC 125 X 12.7

ISMC 100 X 9.2

ISRO 10 mm I$ sag rods

6.0

1.4

ISMC 150 X 16.4

ISMC 125 X 12.7

ISRO 12 mm 4 sag rods

b) Tubes
Maximum

Span

Spacing

Purlin Size
(With Sag Rod)

(m)
4.5

(m)
1.4

125 L

6.0

1.4

150 L

Girts (For All 3 Wind Zones)

* a) Channels
Span

Maximum

Spacing f

Girt Size
&.
With Sag Rod

Without Sag Rod

(ml
4.5

(ml
1.7

ISMC 125 X 12.7

ISMC 100 X 9.2

ISRO 10 mm 4 sag rods

6.0

1.7

ISMC 150 X 16.4

ISMC 125 X 12.7

ISRO 22 mm #J sag rods

b) Tubes
Maximum

Span

Spacing

Basic Wind
@gf/ m)

Girt Size
(Without Sag Rod)

(ml

(m)

.4.5

1.7.

100
150
200

E
100 L

6.0

1.7

:-:
200

100 L
A4
125 M

The standard connection details of purlins and girts to the framing is.shown in Fig. 3. The sag rod
and diagonal sag rod details used in channel purlins and girts are given in Fig. 4. The diagonal sag rods
have been designed to carry the weak axis load from 8 purlins or 7 girts as the case may be. If more
purlins or girts are present in a given face, additional diagonal sag rods should be used.
NOTE

~-. Instead of simply supported

be used to get relatively economical

various

3.3

appropriate

Lattice

coldformed

Portal

Frame

purlin and girt design given in this typified design, balanced

sections. Instead of hot-rolled

steel sections

channel and steel tubular

may ~also be used, if desired

with

cantilever

design may also

secttons used for purlins and girts,

appropriate

sizing.

Design

The beam and column members of the portal frame have been designed for the maximum forces (axial
force, bending moment and shear force) obtained from load combinations mentioned in 2.0.
-#ANDBOOK

ON l$TRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

8P 47(S&T)

BITUMEN

G.I CRANK
BITUMEN
TUBE

_.

: 1988

WASHER

BOLT-WASHER-

PURLIN

SECTION

q\-

TUBE

A-A

HOOK BOLT

PURLIN
WASHER

b
f.

SECTION

B-B

FIG. 3 PURLIN RAFTER AND SHEETING CONNECTIONS

HANDBOOK

ON STRliCTl!RES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Xrunes)

_- _

$1 47(S&T)

IMILAR TO THAT

: 1988

AT

MAX. PANEL SIZE

1400 FOR ROOF PURLIN
1700 FOR WALL GIRTS
DIAGONAL SAG ROOS
TO BE PLACED AT EVERY
8TH P#NEL
FOR PURLlN
k&Ji
PANEL
FOR

ELEVATION

OF SAG ROD DETAILS

IN THE ROOF AND WALL

ENTRE OF PURLIN SPAN

?rtENTllr

SECTION

(IF
.IN

X-X

SPAN

DETAIL- A

OETAIL- 8
(WITH 20mm

STRUT)

IAGONAL SAG ROD

DETAIL

ALT DETAIL
(WITH

FIG. 4

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

SAG

LATTICE

ISA

50X50X6

ROD DETAILS

PORTAL

kRAh1KS (Without

<irnes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
3.3.1

Design

!
7

Criteria

In the design of structures, there are two broad classes of design criteria, namely, strength criteria and
serviceability criteria. The strength criteria ensures that none of the members fail due to inability to
withstand
the forces they are subjected
to. The serviceability criteria serve to prevent unsightly
deflections. For steel structures, there are additional stability criteria to ensure that members do not
become

very slender.

The side sway (deflection) is limited to I/ 325 of the column height and crown deflection is limited to

I /325 of span length.

3.3.1.1 The strength criteria adopted are the one abased on the interaction
combinations of flexural and axial stresses as given below:

formulae for various

. . . (1)

--

fat +

MC

F,,

2A, dF,,

< 1.0

. . . (2)

where _facand fatare actual axial compressive and tensile stresses, respectively. F.,. F,,, and Fbs are the
allowable stresses under axial compression, axial tension and bending compression, respectively. M,
and Mt are the bending moments at the critical section acting simultaneously with compressive and
tensile force, respectively. d, Al and Alt aie the ceutroidal distance between the corner leg members in
the depth plane, gross and net area of comer leg members, respectively.
Equations (1) and (2) check for compressive and tensile stresses under combined action of axial
compression and bending whereas equations (3) and (4) check for tensile and compressive stresses
under combined action of axial tension and bending, respectively.
3.3.1.2 The effective length factors for the frame members for axial compression
compression have been taken as follows according to IS 800 : 1984.
Member

and

Load

Effective

Length

and bending

Factor

Fixed Base

Hinged Base

Axial compression
Strong axis
Weak axis

::55

G5

Bending compression
Columns

0.75

0.75

The maximum slenderness ratio of column has been limited to 250 since they are essentially members
in bending.
NOTE- Generally, the slenderness ratio works out to be very small according
from the effective lengths used do not affect the design very much.

to IS 800

: 1984 and hence small variations

The rafter is under reverse curvature, which means that the effective length factor is less than one. however, the haunch ends
are subjected to sway and crown ends to vertical deflection, in which case the factor is greater than one. Therefore,as an
approximation,
the effective length factor for strong-axis buckling has been considered as 1.O. Since the axial compression in
rafter is small and the slenderness ratio is also small, the effect of deviation of effective length of rafter from the assumed Value
has negligible effect on design.

3.3.1.3 The lacings in the depth plane are designed to withstand the axial force due to total shear at a

section equal to sum of the actual shear from analysis arid 2.5 percent of the column compression. The
lacings in the width plane are designed to withstand axial force due to shear at a section equal to 2.5
percent of column compression only. The following aspects of IS 800 : 1984 regarding laced members
have been considered in design.
a) The most unfavourable

slenderness ratios of the main members is restricted to 180.

b) The slenderness ratio of single lacings is calculated with effective length equal to distance between
inner ends of the effective length of welds and is restricted to be less than 145.
8

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

i -.-ty

-.--

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
The angle of inclination of the lacings to the axis of the member is restricted to be between 40 and
700 1

4 Single-laced systems on opposite sides of the main components shall be in the same direction so
that one be the shadow

of the other.

e) The lacings of compression members are designed to resist a total transverse shear S at any point

in the length of the member equal to 2.5 percent of the axial force in the member. This shear is
considered as divided equally among all transverse lacing systems in parallel planes.

fl For members carrying calculated bending stresses due to eccentricity of loading, applied and

moments and/or lateral loading, the lacing shall be proportioned to resist the shear due to the
bending in addition to that specif=d in (e) and additional shear equal to the flexural shear are to
be resisted.

In addition to the interaction formulae in the design of the overall member at critical sections,
checking the strength of individual legs in compr,ession, tension and limiting deflection ensure
satisfactory design of latticed members.
3.3.2

Design

Steps

The choice of the initial sections for the analysis of lattice members is based on the findings of a
parametric optimum design study of lattice portal frame configuration. The parametric equation
developed in the study relate to the design parameters, such as overall depth, width, etc, along with the
basic parameters such as span, length, spacing, column height and wind zone. The polynomial
equations are in the form of:
D = k X (L)k

X (h)? X

(~)~3

(~9~4

where _L = span, h = column height, s = spacing of frames in meters, w = basic wind pressure in kg/m,
and D is the design parameter such as overall dimensions of the cross-section.
Design parameters for which coefficients given are porial depth at stanchion haunch and base, rafter
haunch and crown; width of the portal; minimum average moment of inertia of stanchion and rafter to
limit away and crown deflections, respectively. Separafe coefficients are provided for hinged and fixed
base conditions. The values of constants k, kl, kz, k3 and k4 for these design parameters are presented
in Table 49.
3.3.2.1 Based on the polynomial equations, the initial sections are obtained as follows for use in the
nalysis:

4 Calculate the depth at various sections, width of portal, minimum average moments of inertia of
stanchion and rafter.

b) The initial area of leg is calculated

as

A = 3I,,/(d:
+ d, + dz + d;)
where dl and ~d2 are the depths at the two ends of the member.

4 Calculate the minimum permissible radius of gyration of the leg that ensures slenderness ratio of
the indivrdual members between lacing connections

to be less than 50.

less than the value calculated in

4 If the area calculated in (b) corresponds to a section that has cVV
{cm),,;? area is changed to that of the smallest section where r,, is greater than the value calculated

The minimum value of area is set at 5.68 cm2 corresponding to .that of ISA 5050 X 6. In all initial
trials, the lacing section used for the purpose of computation of dead load is ISA 5050 X 6.
3.3.2.2

The design for analysis forces is performed

in the following steps:

a) To begin with, the deflections (sway and vertical) are calculated for the load combinations and
the governing deflection is selected.
b) If deflections exceed permissible values, the required area is calculated from:
A rcq=

Aprovided

calculated deflection
permissible deflection

This is based on the fact that deflection is proportional

to

A4 and I is proportional

to A.

-is
HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTlJRES WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

SI 47 (S&T) : 1988
The angle section
out again.

with the area closest to the required area is chosen and the analysis is carried

c) The analysis results for various combinations of loading are calculated. These are moments,
shears and axial forces at all critical sections corresponding to maximum axial compression and
maximum axial tension in the member.
d) The sectional properties of the stanchion and rafter at various critical sections are calculated.
e) Based on (c) and (d), the stanchion is checked as an overall flexural compression member, the
individual legs are checked according to the design criteria.
f) If the stanchion is found to fail in any respect, the next larger section is chosen and the analysis is
performed again.
g) Steps (e) and (f) are repeated for the rafter.
Since the economy associated with using tapered lattice members is expected to be off set by the
added cost of fabrication, only prismatic members are designed for both column and rafter.
3.3.3

Minimum

Thickness

of Metal

Minimum thickness of structural steel sections has been provided as 6.0 mm assuming they are fully
accessible for cleaning and repainting. Where structural steel sections are not fully accessible for
cleaning and repainting, thickness may be increased in accordance with IS 800 : 1984.
Minimum thickness of steel tubes has been provided as 2.6 mm assuming construction is not exposed
to weather and tubes are applied with one coat of zinc primer conforming to IS 104 : 1979 followed-by
a coat of paint conforming to IS 2074 : 1979 and further two coats of paint conforming to
IS 123 : 1962. In case .the construction is exposed to weather or where regular maintenance is not
possible, minimum $hickness of tubes may be increased in accordance with IS 806 : 1968.
3.3.4

Design

Results

The design results are presented in Tables 50 to 73. Each table is for a particular span, length, column
height and spacing of frames; and includes details for two support cohclitions, namely, hinged and
fixed; three roof slopes and three wind zones. The following design values of column and rafter
members for each frame is given for overall depth and width of lattice member, and sizes of corner leg
and laxing intersection with corner leg members.
The total weight of the frame per unit cqvered area is also given in the last column of t,ables which
includes only the weight of the frame members and excludes other weights. such as purlins, eaves,
girders and bracings.
4 ~FOUNDATION

FORCES

4.1 Foundation design forces (due to dead, live and wind loads) are presented for both fixed and
hinged base conditions. The fixed support results may bt used only if the type of foundation used
ensures fixity at the ba~se. Simple isolated footing located in a good stiff soil may be considered to
provide fixity at the base. Foundation forces due to dead load, live load and wind load have been
presented separately to facilitate the use of working stress or limit design of footing as desired by the
engineer. Critical value of the foundation forces have been presented in Tables 25 to 48.
Foundations supporting the frames may be designed using simple spread footings, pile foundations
or caisson foundations depending upon the type of soil and type of support condition assumed in the
analysis, and design. A typical foundation design is shown in 6.
5

FABRICATION

5.0

DETAILS

Typical details of connections

are discussed below.

The details given here are by no means all encompassing or the only possible method of detailing.
Field connections may be either welded or bolted.
NOTE - Portal frames

may be fabricated using different methods. An I section with variable depth can be fabricated using
this requires a large quantity of material and high fabrication
cost. Hot-rolled
beam sections may be split and
by welding to produce required tapers in the frame which also results in overall economy.

plates, but
rejoined

For smaller spans. portal frames made of prismatic rolled sections may work out more economical since the cost involved in
fabrication
for providing tapers may outweigh the economy achieved by saving material. Portal frames may also be fabricated
from latticed members, in which main leg members may be jointed together by appropriate
lacing members. The main leg
members may be channels, joists and tubular sections for angle sections. Joists and channels may be used where large stiffnesscs are required to satisfy s.rength and deflection criteria as in crane-operated warehouses and industrial buildings with cranes.

10

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
For light industrial frames lattice angle or tubular members may be used economically.
The advantage of this type of construction ir. that the lateral dimensions of the structure can be adjusted to derive maximum efficiency.The total cost of the structure
depends mainly on the weight of the structure, since material fabrication and erection costs are specified in terms of the weight
of the structure. It is of advantage to reduce the weight of the structure as in the case of lattice portal frames where material is
judiciously
used.

5.1

Purlin/Girt

Connection

Detail

The sheetings and the fasteners connecting

sheetings to supporting
members should be capable of
resisting local high pressure as recommended
in IS 875 : 1984. The connection
detail between rafter
and channel/tube
put-fin is shown in Fig. 3. Purlins are to be located in such a way that the spacing
between purlins does not exceed 1.4 m and spacing between girts not to exceed 1.7 m, in the case of AC
sheets. Larger spacing may be used in case CGI sheeting is used. The purlins and girts have to be
redesigned if spaced farther apart for CGI sheetings than that recommended
for AC sheetings. The
channel purlins/girts
continuous
at the frame shall be connected with two 12 mm diameter bolts to
cleat angles. Channel purlins and girts discontinuous
at the frame shall be connected to cleat angle with
two 12 mm diameter bolts at each portal. The straight sag rod and diagonal sag rod details are shown
in Fig. 4 as applicable to roof~purlins and wall girts, In wide roofs having large number of purlins and
in high wall claddings having large number of girts, the diagonal sag rods should be used at every
eighth panel for purlins and at every seventh panel for girts. The top most panel close to the ridge in
the roof, and the top most panel close to the eaves in the wall should have diagonal sag rods and, in
addition,
should support the top purlin or girt as the case may be by a strut as shown in Fig. 4.
5.2
5.2.1

Connection

Details

Lacing

Connections

The details of the connection

between lacings and corner leg members in stanchions
and rafters is
shown in Fig. 5. Three typical details are shown in Fig. 5. Figure 5C is for the connection
between
lacing rod land corner leg angle. Figure 5A and 5B give the details of connection
between the angle
lacing and the angle corner leg member, and Fig. 5C showing the direct connection
and showing
connection
through gusset. Any one of these two details may be used depending upon the clearance
available for the direct connection.
The size of weld as well as the thickness of gusset plates in the
connection
between lacing and corner leg members are given in Table 74.

LEG

(a) ANGLE

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

LACINGS

STEEL

CONNECTiON

LATTICE

WITHOUT

PORTAL

GUSSET

FRAMES

PLATE

(Without

Cranes)

II

SP

1988

47(S&T)

LACING
GUSSET

CORNER LEG
SEE TABLE 75
FOR SIZE
OF MEMBERS SIZE AND
LENGTH OF WELD

NOTE:

(b) ANGLE

LACING

CONNECTION

WITH

--CCORNER

GUSSET

PWTE

LEG

LACING ROD

NOTE:

(c) ROD LACING

SEE TABLE 74
FOR SIZE OF MEMBERS.
SIZE AND LEt4GTH OF
WELD. THE SIZE OF
WELD IS BEYONO THE
ROOT OF CONTACT
WITH OOOD FISION.

CONNECTION

FIG. 5 LACING CONNECTIONDETAILS

5.2.2

Haunch

Crown Connections

Typical details of connection between the lattice members at the haunch and crown oints are shown in
Fig. 6 and 7. The sizes of fasteners required in this connection are given in 2;able 75.
5.3

Calumn

Base Details

Column base details are shown in Fig. 8. The sizes of base plate and anchor
76.
5.4

Gutter

bolts are given in Table

Details

Typical gutter details have been presented

in Fig. 9.

HANDBOOKON STRUCTURESWITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES (Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T):1988
CORNER LEG ANGLE

LACING
HAUNCH STIFFENING ANGLES.
( SAME SIZE AS CORNER LEG ANGLES)

NOTE:

GUSSET

FIG.

SEE TABLE 75
FOR SIZE AND NUMBER OF
FASTENERS AND THICKNESS
OF GUSSETS

PLATES

6 HAUNCH

CONNECTION

DETAIL

GUSSET

PLATES

LEG ANGLES)
CORNER

LEG ANGLE

NOTE:

FIG.

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

7 CROWN

CONNECTION

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL

SEE TABLE 75
FOR SIZE AND NUMBER
OF FASTENERS AND
THICKNESS OF GlJ!?SETS

DETAIL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

(b)

FRONT

25 mm
ELEVATION

BOiT
(cl

SIDE ELEVATION
AA
Y
I

TE

(e)
NOTE:

ELEVATION

AT @

SEE TABLE 76
FOR DIMENSIONS
OF ALL
THE ELEMENTS
8, WELDS

FIG. 8 BASE CONNEVTION DETAILS

14

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cracr)

SP 47(S&T)

A.C

: 1988

SHEET

-HALF

ROUND

LEG

GUTTER

PLATE

M.S FLAT/ BAR _j

GUT TER CLAMP-

rM.S

GUTTER

FLAT/BAR

ROUND

CK OF GUTTER
FLAT/BAR
GUTTER
F ROUND GUTTER

5.5

Expansion

Joint

CLAMP

JOIN
HALF

FIG.

GUTTER

GUTTER

C:LAMP

9 GUTTER DETAIL AT EITHER END AYD STRUCTURE

Details

Expansion joints are not usually necessary when the building dimensions are less than 180 m. When the
buildings are longer, the expansion joint is to be provided by constructing two different super
structural support systems on either sides of the joint with the gap being properly bridged by wall
cladding and roof sheeting.
The wind bracing and other structural system are also to be discontinuous across the expansion
joints and hence the bracing systems should be structurally independent in each segment of the
structure subdivided by expansion joints.
5.6 Eaves beams have to be provided along the length of the building at the junctions of stanchions
and rafters. These beams have been designed so that the maximum slenderness ratio is restricted to 250.
ISMB 200 and ISMB 250 sections may be used for eaves beams in frames spaced 4.5 and 6.0 m
respectively. The beams may be connected to stanchions using one ISA 90 X 90 X 6 web framing angle
with 16 dia block bolts 3 and 4 numbers respectively. The eaves beams may be either hot-rolled sectionr
or built-up lattices.
5.7

Bracing

Details

Various bracing systems are shown schematically in Fig. 10. Even though bracing may appear to be a
secondary matter, it is highly important and deserves careful consideration. Probably more failures or
at least unsatisfactory performances, have resulted from inadequate bracing than from deficiencies in
the main framing system. It is apparent from Fig. 10 that the bracing in even simple structures is highly
HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES (Without Cranes)

IS

..-.

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

Y USE

X TYPE

FIG. 10 BRACING ARRANGEMENTS

indeterminate. There can be several alternatives by which loads may be carried to the ground and, in a
number of bays, redundant diagonals may be bsed. These may be so slender, howEver, that they are
incapable of carrying appreciable compression, which reduces the system to one in which only the
tension diagonals are effective. These bracings dare necessary to ensure integral behaviour of the
structure and to avoid differential displacements of frames which may cause undesirable cracking of
claddings. A typical example of the design of bracings is shown in 6. Typification of bracing system has
not been attempted since lot of variations are possible due to different design parameters like length of
building, span, spacing, height, wind zones, etc.
The bracings in the roof along the length of the building in the pauels adjacent to the eaves are
provided to minimize differential movement of frames. These bracings are designed nominally based on
minimum slenderness ratio.
The bracin-gs in the roof across the building at the two end bays and necessary number of interior
bays (spacing not to exceed 90 m) are provided to take care of wind loads on the gable ends and wind
drag on roof due to wind parallel to the ridge. Since these bracings are not in a plane but are
discontinuous at the ridge, the reaction point of the hracings system and load points are not in a plane.
The longitudinal bracings are to be designed to take care of this unbalanced force as shown in 6.
The force from the cross bracings are transferred to the vertical bracings in the longitudinal walls
through eaves beams. The vertical bracings in the longitudinal walls are shown .for the central -bay in
Fig. IO. This arrangement of vertical bracings is suggested to avoid the temperature stresses which may
develop if two end bays are braced as is done frequently in practice. However, if central bay bracing is
utilized, temporary bracing may be necessary at the starting point of erection for the purpose of
stability during erection.
Vertical bracings are usually provided also at the gable ends to give additional stiffness to the
building in the transverse direction. These bracings are nominally designed based on minimum
slenderness ratio.
58

Erection

Procedure

The structure with steel portal frames have to be erected taking into consideration the stability and
strength of the structure during erection. Temporary bracings and other such precautions should be
taken as found necessary during construction. Recommendations of IS 800 : 1984 regarding fabrication
and erectlon shall be followed. For laying of asbestos cement sheets, recommendations of IS 3007
(Part 1) : 1964 shall be followed.
16

HANDBOOKON STRUCTURESWITH STEEL LATTLCEPORTAL FRAMES (Without

Cranes)

C.

_*_

/
lv

__~. _~.

_-----

--

-..

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
6

DESIGN EXAMPLE

6.0

Basic Parameters and Loadings

Basic parameters

for the analysis and design are:

Plan area

= 18.0 X 42.0 m

Portal span

= 18.0 m

Type of support

= Hinged

Column spacing

=6.0

Column height

No. of bays

=6.0
= 1

Type of sheeting

= AC sheeting

Roof slope

= 1 in 3 (18.435O)

Location

= Hyderabad

of building

= 100 kg/m = 1000 N/m

Wind pressure
Assume normal permeability
Weight of roof materials
(including extra weight due to
overlaps and fasteners)

= 17 kg/m2

Live load

= 75 - 2 X (18.435O - 10)
= 58.13 kg/m2 = 581.3 N/m

External

windward side pressure

= 0.7 - (0.7 - 0.4)

(18.435 - 10)
10
j_
= 0.45 P

Wind load details are as given below:

Load

Wind Direction

Normal
Permeability

N/m2

Wind Pressure,
A_

N/m2

Rafters
A
fWindward #\Y
Leeward Windward Leeward
Columns

Perpendicular

to ridge (WLI)

-200

700

300

- 250

-300

Perpendicular

to ridge (I&$)

+200

300

700

- 650

-700

Parallel to ridge (IV&)

+200

200

200

-600

-600

NOTES

1 The preliminary sections for the columnsand rafters were obtained by the programme using the parametric equations
(3.2.3) and Table -49 before finally arriving at the sections given in the Table 61.
2

6.1

As the height of the frame is less than 10.0 metres, 25 percent reduction of wind pressure may be applied.

Frame Analysis Results

Column and beam sections have been taken from Table 61.
HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

17

Sp 47(S&T) : 1988

-._.

____--_+__%s?~

Ir
; -.&--+y
5 Y-1---

I,

__-IL-------- -1-------_ A I

BEAM SECTION

COLUMN SECTION

of cross-sectional

properties

I---

I 18.1
1

lx

710

Calculation

of column and beam.

_+_-

~__

Z,, = 4 X 29.1 + 4 X 7.44 X 31.19

= 29 067.4 cm4 = 2.907 X 10 mm
I, = 4 X 29.1 + 4 X 7.44 X 18.192

= 9 963.3 cm4 = 0.996 X lo* mm4

COLUMN

__.

Ix, = 4 X 29.1 t 4 X 7.44 X 33.692

= 33 894.5 cm4 = 3.389 X lo* mm4

Z, = 4 X 29.1 + 4 X 7.44 X.18.192

= 9 963.3 cm4 = 0.996 X 10 mm4

BE-AM

The coefficients given in Steel Designers Manual have been used for the analysis of the portal frame.
18

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTtCE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cran@

A_

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

We have
L = 18.0 m
h =

6.0 m

f=

3.0 m

S=

fi-i??=

9.49 m

fl = 18.435O
II = 2.907 X 10 mm4
.HE

12 = 3.389 X lo8 mm4

CoeffJicients

.
rn=
;1

1 +o=

1 +0.5=

1.5

B=2(K+

l)+m=4.974

c=

nz=

1 +2

1 +2x

1.5=4.0

N = B + mC = 4.974 i- 1.5 X 4.0 = 10.974

Effect

of

Mg=

WI
-WL2(3+5
32 N

MD=

m)

= - W, X (18) (3 + 5 X 1.5)
32 X 10.974
= -9.69

W,

= W, X 18
-1.5X9.69
16
MC = 5.715
HHA=

e3

w,
9.69 W,
6

f&f&-=

W,

wL-3x18x

1.615

W,

w1=675

8
WI X 18
= 2.25
8
EJfect

qf

Constant

W, -

WZ
X = wfi

m,

= w*32 (4+ 1510564

8 X 10.974

~0.564

II \NI)HOOK

ON

STRUCTURES

W2

WITH

STEEL

w2

LATTICE

6=

9.564

PORTAL

W2

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

19

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
- Wf2
MC= -+mX=

-y32+l.5x*.564

M,,=

+X-

= 0.564 w, -

VI:=-VA=F(I
HA=

+m)
yf

_;

HE=

Effect

_x

of

w2 =-I.404

w2 2 x 6 = - 8.436 wz

= w~;x31~6(1

=-0.5;

W2_

I wf =-O.564
h
2
6

wz+

w2

W22X3

w2x3
2

1.25 W 2

+ 1.5)=+
__

1.594 w2

=-+1~406 W
2

W,

MD=

WhzX2(B+C)+k
8
N

= -- W, X 62 x 2(4.974 + 4.0) + 0.737

= -7.66
W,
_w3zx6 10.974
- 7.66 W3 = 10.34
MB=$ME=

MCWh2+mM
4

.=~+l.SX(-7.66)W3=-2.49

Wh2
vE= -=2L

-VA=

HE=-- -MD
h

W,

w3

7.66 W3
= 1277
6

W3

H,,=-(Wh-HE)=-(W3X6-1.277

Summary

W,

@3)=-4.723

W3

of member forces due to these unit loads is given in Table given below:

SUMMARY
MEMBER ~FORCE

DUE TO WI

-9.69

OF MEMBER

FORCES
Due

DUE TO If2

TO W,

W,

f9.564

w,

5.715 w,

-1.404

w*

-2.49

w,

-8436

w2

-7.66

w,

VA

6.75 W,

-1.25

w*

- w3

VE

2.25 w,

+1.25

wz

+ w3

HA

1.615

WI

- 1.594 Wz

-4.723

W,

~I&

1.615

W,

+1.406

+ 1.277

Wa

MB

MC

MD

-9.69

wz

10.34

w,

w,_.

Due to loads as shown in figure (41 to q6), the member forces are obtained in Table given above as
follows:
MB = 10.34ql + 9.56qz - 9.69q3
-9.69qd
MC = -2.49q,

t 8.436qr, + 7.66qh
- 1.404q2 + 5.715q3

+ 5.715ql + 1.404175 + 2.49q6

20

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

&__._-

____~

-..

.~ ___..

_~

__

Sl

MD = -7.669,

47(S&T)

: 1988

- 8.43692 - 9.69q3

-~9.69q4 - 9.5649, - IO.3496

VA = - 41 - 1.2592 + 6.75qa + 2.2594 VE = + 41 + 1.25@
HA =

-4.7239,

+ 2.2543

I.2595

96

45

6.7594 + ~1.259, + q6

- I.59492 + 1.61593

+ I.61594 - 1.4069, - 1.277&

H,j =

46

1.2779, + I.40692 + 1.61593

+ 1.6 1594 + 1.594q5 + 4.72396

Design

Loads

Dead load on plan area

AC sheet =

6X

17

cos (18.435;

= 107.51 kg/m

12.7 X 6
= 57.3;
= 1.4 cos (18.435)

Purhn

Frame = yc
Miscellaneous

kg/m

= 44.1 kg/m
= 3 kg/m

Total = 211.98

kg/m
= 2 150 N/m

(say)

Live Load (LL)

Live load
Basic wind

(Table

2 of IS 875 : 1964)= 58.13 X 2/3 X 6 = 232.52

load [Note

3(a)] under

14500

DL4150

kg/m

= 2 350 N/m

(say)

4.2.2 of IS 875 : 1964 = 0.75 X 100 x 6 = 450 kg/m

N/m=

DL-2150N/m

N/m

0.25P

0.7P

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

21

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988
Forces in the frame due to load combinations
shown in sketch are given in the Table. The value of q1
to q6 for each of the four load combination
are also given in Table given below. It can be seen that
dead load and live load combination
governs the design. The axial force in the columns have to be
increased
by (107.5 + 57.4) = 164.9 kg/m. 164.9 X 6 = 988.4 = 990 kg. 9.9 kN to account for AC
sheeting.

DESIGN

FORCES

LOADING CASE

Design
forces

0.75 (DL + WL,)

0.75 (DL + WL*)

0.75 (DL + WL,)

(N/m)

(N/m)

(N/m)

qp=q4=4500

q, = 2 363

q, =
q2=-2

q1=q2=

q2 = -844

qs=9s=

q3 =

768

q4=

600

Ma (kN.m)

-87.21

q* = -2

194

700

-581.3

q, = - 1 088

44 =

- 750

q4 = - 1 088

qs = 1 013

q5 =

2 363

qs=

2700

q6 = 1 013

q6=

2 343

q6 =

6 750

19.41

40.43

16.22

7.06

2.15

- 1.49

51.44

MD (kN.m)

-475

41 =

q3 =

-87.21

Mc (kN.m)

1 013

16.22

-23.38

-44.39

VA (kN)

40.50

2.95

-9.198

-9.79

VE (kN)

40.50

9.36

- 2.78

-9.79

HA (kN)

14.54

- 10.32

-9.78

-0.679

HE (kN)

14.54

10.44

Comparison
of analysis of results
given in Table given below:

obtained

COMPARISON

-0.679

10.99

by actual

calculations

OF ANALYSIS

and tabulated

in the Handbook

MOMENT

WV

SHEAR

(kN.m)

(kN)

25.3

87.6

30.7

Calculated

26.6

87.2

30.8

Tabulated

49.9

86.0

14.3

Calculated

50.4

87.2

14.5

(see Table

12)

is

RESULTS

COMPRESSION

Tabulated

Beam

Column
-

Check for Deflection -The

and WL2. Unit load method
for:

maximum
deflection in the frame occurs at joint D for wind loads WLI
is used to obtain the deflection under this load. The deflection is calculated
Zcd

= 29 067.4

ZRafter

33 894.5

cm4, and
cm4

as calculated
in the design section (see 5.3). The unit load bending
reduced structure
with the internal
hinge at node B.
Horizontal

deflection

at D =
I

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

moment

diagram

(m) is for the

FRAMES

(Without

Mmdx
~
EI

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)
This integral can be obtained by multiplying the area of z

diagram of~each member by the ordinate

of the m diagram in thesame member at the centre of gravity (CG) of g

shown in the Table given below:

DEFLECTION

: 1988

diagram. This calculation is

CALCULATION

Case (i) Loading WLI

MEMBER

MOMENT DIAGRAM

ORDINATEOF m
AT CG
OF M
DIAGRAM

AREA OF M
DIAGRAM

.i Mmdx

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
t(3) x (4)l

(1)

AB

124.22

56.70

67.52

-1.5

133.33

-2.0

50.66

-2.25

17.53

-4.5

- 166.3

--Fl
BC

-960.84

640.56

I+I

1 264.6

-632.3

Fl
- 360.573

160.25

.-Fl
CD

748.35

58.33

-4.0

- 276.9

1 107.6

60.16

-3.75

+ 190.24

-713.4

41.03

TV

-4.0

- 125.49

24.3

-4.5

DE

501.96

-218.7

48.6

. ..
From Table
s Mmdx (for columns)

= 1 083.74

s Mmdx (for rafters)

283.26

283.26 X 1012
+
=
1 083.74 X 1012
Deflection at D = A = I Mmdx
2.047 X 10 X 33 894 X IO4 2.047 X lo* x 29 070 X JO4
EI
= 15.62 + 4.761
= 20.3 mm
6000
Allowable deflection = = 18.5
325
20.3
Therefore,
HANDBOOK

it is OK.
ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

23

...

SP 47(S&T)m: 1988

DEFLECTION
Case (ii) Loading

CALCULATION

WL2
MOMENT DIAGRAM

MEMBER

ORDINATE OF
AT CG

OF M

OF M

AREA

J- Mmdx

DIAGRAM

DIAGRAM
(2)

(1)

AB

(3)

BC

CD

-7

24.3

try-1

95.57

DE

906.7

-1360.1

248.86

-2.0

I 180.4

+2 360.8

131.5

-2.25

+415.9

-935.8

-4.5

-99.61

-448.2

-4.0

- 824.9

+ 3 299.6

-3.75

i-448.1

-1

-4.0

- 138.591

-4.5

113.4

IO.50

46.197

56.70

-1.5

173.9

(5)
i(3) x (4)l

119.86

(4)

680.4

+ 554.364

-510.3

From Table
s Mmdx

(for columns)

= 1 236

s Mmdx

(for beams)

= 44.064

Deflection at D = A =

M&f
EI

I 236 X IO
44.064 x lo*
2.047 X IO5X 33 894 X IO4 + 2.047 X 10 X 29 067 X lo4

= 17.8 + 0.740 4 = 18.540 4 mm

6000
Allowable deflection = - 325 = 18.46 mm
E 18.54 mm
Therefore,

it is OK.
HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL I.AlTI(E

POWTA-I. FHAMIS

(Without

<rmn*~t

SP

The values
corresponding

of the loads
expressions

are calculated for the two loading cases separately

so as to get the design forces as given below:

LOADING

17(S&T)

: 1988

and substituted

in the

CASE

(E)
Design forces

3 150
-1 125
- 1 J25
-I 350
+ I 350
+1 350
Me (kN.m)
MC (kN.m)
MO (kN.m)
VA

W)

VE

GW

HA

W)

HE

WV

1 350
-2 925
-~2 925
-3 I50
3 150
3 150

67.524
- 15.152
- 17.53
- 15.413
- 6.863
-20.704
6.972

95.568
-21.71
10.503
-31.613
-23.063
- 19.976
7.699

0.25 P z
+

kO.3P

WLl

0.3F-4

0.7P

WL2

-J77?!7?
tNOTE

.E

- WL, = Wind load with internal suction, and

Wh = Wind load with internal pressure.

15.152

kNm

_ 2k71

kNm

.53
Nm

M-DIAGRAMS

HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES (Without

Cranes)

25

SP 17(S&T)

: 1988

6kNm

m-DIAGRAM

UNIT LOAD
ON
RELEASE0
STRUCTURE

6.2

Purlin

Purlin

is

Design

designed with one sag rod at mid span.

Maximum

Weight of sheeting

= I;4 X 17 = 23.80 kgm

Self weight of purlin (say)

= 18.00 kg/m

Total dead load (DL)

= 41.8 kg/m

Total live load (LL)

= 58.13 X 1.4 = 81.38 kg/m

DL+ LL

= 123.18 kg/m

Wind load uplift force

= 0.8 X 100 X 1.4 = 112 kg/m

Net uplift force

Considering the unsymmetrical
M,, =

YY

= 112 - 41.8

X cos

(18.435) = 72.3 kg, m

bending of the channel section:

123.18 X cos 18.435 X 6 X 6

= 525.9 kg.m
8

Considering
M

= 1.4 m

spacing of purlin

the sag rod at mid span:

= 123.18 X sin 18.435 X 3 X 3

8

GRAVITY
LOAD

43.8 kg.m

Lo

O-0

Checking the section ISMC 125

52 590
4 380
_L = + = 1 124.0 < 1650 kg/cm*
~66.6
13.1
Under uplift condition,
Mm =

72.3 X 36
= 325.4 kg.m
8

M,=

41.8 X sin 18.435 X 9

= 14.9 kg.m
8

& - 32 540 b -1 490 = 603 < 1.33 X I 650 kg/cm* (2 194.5 kg/cm*)
66.6
13.1
Therefore, it is OK.
Size of Sag Rod
Assume the size as TSR0 12 mm dia
Number of purlins
8
Total TOad on sag rod z 5 x 123.18 X sin 18.435 X 6 x 8 = 1 168 kg
8
26

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

1 168
net area of sag roa = 1500 = 0.78 cm2

Required

Use 12 4 rod.
Size of Diagonal Sag Rod
Diagonal sag rods are used at least on every eighth panel of purlin from bottom and at the top most
panel of purlins.
Maximum

force in the sag rod

= i X 123.18 X sin 18.435 X 6 X 8 = 1 169 kg

Maximum
=

force in diagonal sag rod

+ 3*
1 169
= 1 382 kg
&4*
2x 1.4

Required

net area of diagonal

-PURLIN

1 382
sag rods~-- -1 5oo = 0.92 cm*
Use 12 4 rods.
Girt Design
Span of girt
for vertical bending

=3.0

for horizontal

= 6.0 m

Maximum

bending

=1.7

spacing of girt

m
m

Channel Girt with Sag Rod at the Centre

Vertical Bending
AC sheet weight

= 28.9 kg/m

= 17 X 1.7

Girt self-weight (say)

= 15.0 kg/m

Total DL

= 43.9 kg/m

43.9 x 3*
8
Vertical BM, Myy =
Horizontal

= 49.4 kg/m

Bending

Wind load = 0.7 X 0.75 X 100 X 1.7

= 789.3 kg/m

Horizontal

= 401.9 kg.m

BM = *g.3 x 62
8

Trying ISMC 125 at 12.7 kg/m,

X lOO.= 980 kg/cm* C 1 650 kg/cm2
(No increase in permissible stress is taken since wind load ~caused predominant
=:x439X6
Tension in central straight sag rod/purlin

stress.)

= 164.6 kg
Maximum

number of panels supported

6.0
= 17

Maximum

tension in strength sag rod

= 4 X 164.6 = 658 kg
=$&=0&l

Required net area of sag rod

Use 12 4 rods.
HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

3.52 (say) 4

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

cm*

(Without

Cranes)

27

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
No. of girts supported

by diagonal sag rods

= 5

(including eaves purlin)

Actual spacing of girts

= 6.0/4 = 1.5 m

Tension in diagonal sag rod

Use 12 4 rod.
6.3

Frame Members Des@.

Column Section
Column forces (see page 22, Table Design Forces)
Maximum

compression

= 40.50 kN

Maximum

tension/ minimum compression

= 0.0 kN

Moment

= 87.21 kN.m

The section given in Table 61 is shown below:

lxx = 2.907 X IO* mm

I, = 0.996 X IO8 mm4

A = 2 976 mm
rxx =
J
rYy=

2.907 X 10
= 312.5 mm
2 976
0.996 X 10

2 976

.-------y-Y

= 182.9 mm

(L/r), = 3 6 Ooo = 57.6

3,2 5
(L/& = 0.75 X 600 = 24 6
182.9
Elastic critical stress, fcx = 9.869 8 X E = 3 343.4 N/mm2
(Ll r)G
9.869 6 X E
~__=
= 609.8 N/mm2
Allowable axial compressive stress (IS 800 : 1984), F. =

0.6 X 609.8 X 250

= 125.3 N/mm2

(609.3 + 250.4).4
Allowable bending compressive stress, Fib

0.66 X 609.8 X 250

(609.81.4+ 250.4).4

= 137.61 N/mm2

Actual axial compressive stress, fa

40 500
= = 13.61 N/mm2
2 976

Actual bending stress,

=Ky=
ZXI

28

fb

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURE?

WITH STEEL

87.21 X lo6

X 330 = 99 N/mm2

2.907 X IO6

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

-1 +

Thcreforc.

.h

_ 13.61+

I - &)

253

125.3 [I - I6

:;:,,,I

= OC90< 0

it is OK.

~lasimum

comprcssI\c

torcc

_ 40 500 +

in a Icg

4
Maximum

compressive

I r,, of the corner

Elastic

critical

X7.21 X IO
- = 80 027 N
2 X (660 - 2 X 18.1)

80 027
= = 107.6 N mm
744

stress

520
=-=41.3
12.6

leg

= 9.869 6 X 2.05 X IO

stress. ,fc

= I 186.2 N/mm

(41.3):
Allowable

axial

compressive

stress

0.6 X I 186.2 X 250

= 138.9 N mm. > 107.6 N: mm.

(I 186.2l.j + 250.) J
Therefore,

it is OK.

Ioh=

tension = !I!?

7.4 + 8721
2 X 623.8

Maximum

iVer qffective

69 902 N

area
( 744 -0.6

A,=A2=

X 20 ) = 360

3A,
.
3A, + Az = 0.74

-k

A,,, = a + Kb = 360 + 0.74 X 360 = 626.4

Actual

tensile

Therefore,

stress = g

= I I I .6 N/mm*

mm

< 150 N/mm

it is OK.

WUIPI Section
Beam forces

as given

m Table

Maximum

compressive

Maximum

tensile

I2 are:

force

force

Moment

I,,=

Section

= 25.3 kN
2.2 kN

= 87.6 kN.m

given

in Table

61 is

3.389 X IOR mm

Iyy = 0.996 X IO mm
A = 2 976 mm
rXh =
\ I
r,, =

v
HANDBOOK

3.389 X IO
= 337.0
2 976

mm

IO.996 X log
:
= 182.9 mm
2 976
ON STRCCTCRKS

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

(L/r), =

0.75 x 9 490 = 21 1
337

(L/r>, =

0.75 x 9 490
= 38.9
182.9
=

Elastic critical stress, fey

9.869 6 X E

= 1 337 N/mm2

(kl r):
= 9.869 6 X E = 4 545 N/mm

fex

Cl,/rX
\

Allowable axial compressive

stress (IS 800 : 1984), F, =

Allowable bending compressive

Actual compressive

stress, Fb

for

0.66 X 1 337 X 250

25 300
=-=8.5
2 976

stress, Ja

CM.
I xx

N/mm

)= 87.60 X IOhX 355 = 91.8 N/mm

3.3;9 X 10
.

stresses

combined

91.8

8.5
=TGiz+

= 0.77 < 1.0

Maximum

compressive

force in an angle = ??$?

Maximum

compressive

stress

87.6 X lo6
2 X (710 - 2 X 18.1) = 71 329 N

71 329
=-~95.9
744

N/mm2

I/r,, of the angle

570
= = 45.2
12.6

Elastic critical stress, fe

= 9.869 6X 2.05 X IO
(45.2j2

Allowable axial compressive

Therefore,

it is OK.

Maximum

tension in the leg

Net effective

= 154.6 N/mm

(I 337.4 + 250.4).4

Actual bending stress, fb

Check

0.6 X 1 337 X 250

= 140.5 N/mm
(1 3371.4+ 2501.4)1!1.4

stress

= 990.3

N/mm2

0.6 X 990.3 X 250

= 136.1 N/mm2 > 95.9
(990.3.4 + 250.4)J.4

2 200
4

87.6 X IO6
= 65 554 N
2 X 673.8

area
1744-O.6X2O
2

Al=Az=
K=

3.41
3Al+Az

=360

= 0.74

Anet = a + Kb = 360 + 0.74 x 360 = 626.4

65 554
= 104.7 < 150 N/mm
Actual tensile stress = 626
Therefore,
30

it is OK.
HANDBOOKON STRUCTURESWITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES (Without

Cranes)

SP
Design

of Lacing

Column

section

47(S&T)

: 1988

a) On depth face
(II r)max of the column = 57.6
0.7 X 57.6 = 40.3 < 50
spacing of lacing = 40.3 X r,; = 40.3 X 12.6 = 507 = 510 mm (say)

Therefore
Horizontal

distance between centroidal

axes of the angles in D-direction,

d = 660 - 2 X 18.1 = 623.8 mm

623.8
= 67.8 > 40
510
x 0.5 1
(
< 70

tan-

Traverse shear

= s

Shear at the bottom

= 14 540 N

Total shear

= 15 550 N

Providing

X 40 500 = 1 012.5 N

single lacing, Force in each lacing = y

X cosec (67.8)

= 8 397.5 N
Length of lacing bar/ angle

= ~1623.8 + 2552 = 674 mm

Try ISRO 18, r = 0.45, L

= 149.8 > 145

Try ISA 40 40 X 6, r = 0.77, t

= 87.5

Elastic critical stress, jC

= 9.869 ~6X E

= 264.3 N/mm2

(87.5)
Allowable axial compressive

stress

0.6 X 264.3 X 250

= 93.9 N/mm*

(264.3.4 + 2501.4).4
= 93.9 X 507 = 47 607 > 15 550 N

Allowable load
Check for

tension-The

recommended

net effective area of the section is checked although

for lacing to corner leg connection.
Ai = (40 - 21.5 - 3) X 6 = l17

welding is

A2 = (40 - 3) X 6 = 222
K=

3A1
3A, + A2 = 06

A, + KA2 = 117 + 0.61 X 222 = 252.4

Maximum

tensile stress

Therefore,

it is OK.

Strength
Therefore,
HANDBOOK

=-=15 550
252.4

61.6<

mm*
150 N/mm

of end welds (4.5 mm size) = 4.5 X 71 X 300 = 95 850 > 8 900 N

it is -OK.

ON STRUCTURES

WlTH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

31

: 1988

SP 47(S&T)

b) On breadth ,face
Spacing

= 510 mm
d= 400 - 2 X 18.1 = 363.X

tan-

363.8
510 X 0.5

mm

= 54.9 > 40
< 70

Shear at a section

= $

Axial force in the lacings

1012.5
=-X
2

Length of the lacing rod

= Jm

X 40 500 = I 012.5 N
cosec 54.9 = 618 N
= 444 mm

I
444
Try ISRO - 14, r = 3.5 mm, 7 = 35 = 126.9 < I45

Elastic critical stress, fe

Allowable axial compressive

stress =

9.869 6 E

= 125.6 N/mm

t126.9J2

O6 l256 250 = 59.8 N mm

/
( 125.6.4+ 250.4).4

a+

Allowable load = 59.8 X 153.9 = 9 203 N > 618 N

Therefore,
Strength

it is OK.
of end welds (5 mm size)
/

=5X71

X+=24850

N>618

I
Therefore,
6.4

it is OK.

Column Base Plate

8
for Hinged

Type

of Support

Column size : ,660 mm X 400 mm

In this example, forces on foundation

as in Table 36 are:

Dead load (DL)

= 29.23 kN downward

Live load (LL)

= 20.63 kN downward

Wind load (WL)

= 30.93 kN upward

DL-I- LL

= -29.23 + 20.63 = 49.86

DL+

= 29.23 - 30.93 = 1.7 kN upward

WL

kN

DL t LL governs the design of the base plate.

Load due to column legs + lacing

x ;2xg5;;6+650=22420

.
32

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranesb

i,

SP 17(S&T)
-iSMC

125
A

:I

: 1988

IB

ew

X6 I
.

le /

660+( 2x65) =790

Dead load of AC sheeting and girts = 300 X 6 X 6 = 10 800 N

= 10.8 kN
= 62.91 kN

Total axial force in columns

Try a base plate of size 790 X 570 X 20 mm

62 910
-__
= 0.139 N/mm*
IV = 7% x 570
0.139X(660-2X65)*

Moment at section AA, m, =

Moment at section BB,+mb
Maximum

Nmm

= 220 N mm

moment = 4 880 N mm

Thickness of the plate = t =

Therefore,

=4880

= 12.4 mm < 20 mm

it is OK.

Provide twelve 20 mm dia bolts for anchorage.

Horizotltal

Shear

in

Base Plate

From Table 36
Total horizontal shear = 7.07 + 7.26 = 14.33 kN
Bearing area of base key = 570 X 60 = 34 200 mm2
Bearing shear on foundation

concrete = g

= 0.42 N/mm*

Allowable bearing stress = 0.25 X 15 = 3.75 N/mm* > 0.42 N/mm2

Therefore,

6.5

Design

it is OK.

Example

of a Fixed

Column

Base Plate

Taking the same frame given in 5.4 with fixed base column and 200 kg/m2 wind zone.

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

33

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

Column section from Table 61 is shown below:

X

_ ______ Ai. __-_-_

I
I

rr

y&

---

-f

I
I

~-----+Y

I- 1

75x75~6

I,
l-I I
1. 470x j
_--e-w

--a---

Forces

From

Table

12

Load

Axial
(kN)

(kI?m)

DL

-29.13

10.9

- 27.75

LL

- 20.63

11.42

- 28.85

54.93

33.42

119.2

WL (200)

Self-weight of column + lacing

DL

Shear
(kN)

of AC sheeting and girts

=68X4X6+600=2232

= 300 X 6 X 6 = 1 080 N

DL + LL case

Total axial compression

= 29.13 + 20.63 + 2.25 + lo.%= 62.81 kN

Shear

= IO.90 + 11.42 = 22.32 kN

Bending moment

= 27.75 + 28.85 = 56.61 kN.m

DL + WL case

Axial tension

= -29.13 - 2.25 - 10.0 + 54.93 = 12.75 kN

Shear

= 10.90 + 33.20 = 44.1 kN

Bending moment

= 119.22 - 27.75 = 91.47 kN.m

Using Ml5 concrete,

allowable bearing pressure

= 0.25 X&k = 0.25 X 15 = 3.75 N/mm2

_ 350+(2x75)=500

Try a base plate of size 620 X 500 X 20 mm

DL -I- LL case

Taking moments about tension bolts,

; x 3.75 X K X 582.52 X
62 810 X 272.5 - 56.61 X lo6 = 0
K - 3K + 0.70 = 0
K = 0.255

Force in bolts = 0.255 X 582.5 x y

=76443

34

HANDBOOK

x 500 .- 62 810

N
ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

SY 47(S&T)

fl37.5

case

DL + WL

Taking moments about tension bolts,

,
; X 3.75 X AX 582.5 X ( 1 - + 1 X 500 +

: 1988

K x562.5

12 750 X 267.5 - 91.47 X 1Oh= 0

K? - 3K + 0.83 = 0 K = 0.308

562.5

620

.
Force

in bolts = 0.300 X 582.5 x y

x500+

12750

= I 80 947 N

Maximum

tension in bolts = I 80 947 N

Maximum bending moment in base plate on tension side

1 80~947 X 37.5 = 67 85 513 N.mm

On compression

75
75X2
side = 500 X I .86 X 75 X F + I .89 X 2 X 3

= 43 87 500 N.mm
Thickness of base plate, t = dc=2O.l

mm

Therefore,

it is OK.

Providing

6 bolts on either side, force/ bolt =

180 947
6
= 30 158 N

Capacity of 20 mm C#Ibolt = 29 400 X 1.25 = 36 750 N

Therefore

provide twelve 20 mm dia bolts.

According to Table 76, twelve 24 mm dia bolts are required.

Due to standardization, sizes Gf the bolts recommended in Table 76 may be conservative for some
cases as in the above example. If one desires more economical design for a particular case, the above
design procedure can be adopted.
6.6

Design

of Foundation

Typified design of foundation is not included in this report since the soil condition whichvaries from
site to site would influence the design of foundation. A typical example of isolated footing design for
assumed field condition is illustrated in this section. Limit state design in accordance -with IS 456 : 1978
is used in this example. The fixed base portal foundation in Section 5.5 is designed here.

Assumptions
Fck = I5 MPa

Allowable bearing pressure on soil = i50 kN!m2

Required depth of footing-below grade = 2.5 m
Unit weight of soil back fill = 15 kN/m
The design is illustrated for DL + LL case and
has to be checked for DL -I- WL case. In this
particular example, DL + WL case does not
govern the design.
c_ 850 4
2500

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

w
35

_-..

c_-

SP 47(S&T)
Forces

on

: 1988
Foundation

Development

the design

Total

tension

Actual

0.75
CDL+ WL)

P (W

62.81

T (W

9.56

V WV

22.32

33.08

M (kN.m)

56.61

68.60

qf

Lettgth

From

DL + LL

Amhor

of base

Bolts

plate

(see 5.5)

in 6 bolts

tension

in each

180.9
=6=30.15

bolt

Ket area of 24 mm 4 bolt

(net area taken as 0.75 times
gross area)
Stress in steel
collapse

Development

in limit

state

30 150 X 1.5
339

= 133.4 N/mm

133.4 X 24
= 1.33x 1.0x4

in concrete

=601

mm

pedestal.

c?fPedestal

Design

Let

of

required

Use 600 mm embedment

kN

= 339 mm

=
length

to DL + WL)

= 180.9 kN (due

=850X700

the size of pedestal

Self

weight

mm

= 850 X 700 X 2 000 X 25 000

109

of pedestal

= 29 750 N = 29.75
Total

downward

Total moment
pedestal

= 62.81 + 29.75 = 92.56 kN

load

Moment
at base
to shear

of pedestal

at base

Design

compression

Design

moment

kN

due

= 2 X 22.32= 44.64 kN.m

= 56.61 + 44.64 = 101.25 kN.m

of

= 1.5 X 92.56 = 138.84 kN

= 1.5 X 101.25 = 151.88 kN_m
= 15 MPa

Ak
Ml,
f,kb D

151.88 X IO6

=oo20
.

15x700x850~
138.84 X lo3
15X700X850

From

chart

31 of SP

= oo16
*
16 : 1980.

-For Fe 415 and -$ = 0.05

,;=0.1
P = 1.5
36

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTlCE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
Therefore,

area of longitudinal

steel

= g

X 850 X 700 = 8 925 mm

Provide 12 bars of 32 mm 4, At = 9 650 mm

Lateral

Ties

Diameter = greater of:

a) 5 mm
b) l/4 diameter of main bar = l/4 X 32 = 8 mm
Therefore,

provide 8 mm lateral ties

Spacing of ties = least of the following:

a) least dimension = 600 mm
b) 16 times diameter of main bar = 16 X 32 = 512 mm
c) 48 times diameter of ties = 48 X 8 = 384 mm
Provide 8 mm $I lateral ties at 380 mm c/c.
Reinforcement
Design

details are shown in the figure at the end of this section.

qf Footing

Direct load from pedestal,

= 92.56 kN

WI

Safe bearing capacity of soil

= 150 kN/m2

Unit weight of soil

= 15 kN/m3

Try a footing of size = 2.0 m X 2.5 m X 0.5 m

Weight of soil above footing,
Weight of footing,

= (2 X 2.5 - 0.7 X 0.85) X 2 X 15

= 132.2 kN

W3

= 2 x 2.5 X 0.5 X 25 = 62.5 kN

W2

Load from pedestal, WI

= 92.56 kN

Total vertical load

= W, + Wz +

Overturning

= 56.61 + 2.5 X 22.32 - 11.1 = 112.41 kN.m

moment, A4

Eccentricity
Therefore,

287.26 kN

= 287.26 X 1.25 = 3 2 > 1 5

112.41
.
.

Factor of safety against overturning

Therefore,

W3 =

it is OK.
=-=112.41
287.26

of resultant vertical force, e

base pressure distribution

is trapezoidal

039<b=-?.?=042

6
6

m
.

as shown in the figure.

Maximum compressive stress =$(l%)

6 X 0.39
287.26
2.5 )
= 2.0 X 2.5 ( +
= 111.2<

Therefore,

150 kN/m2

it is OK.

Minimum pressure = L 1 - 6e = 3.68 kN/m*

A(
b)
111.20 - 3.68
X 0.825 = 75.71 kN/ m*
111.20PressureatC=
25
Pressure at B =
HANDBOOK

111.20 - 3.68
X 0.825 = 39.16 kN/m*
3.68 + 25

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

37

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988
Ma.rimurn

B. M. (Neglecting

Factored

At section

X 0.825 X 2 + 75.71 X 0.825

(
kN.m/m

width

39.16 _ 3.68 x 2 x 0.82;

B = I .5 X

At section

of Soil)

X- 0.825

111.20 -75.71

C = 1.5 X
= 50.73

Weight

X 2 + 3.68 X;J25+

= 13.95 kN.m/ m width

Effective
Refer

depth = 0.5 - 0.05 = 0.45 m

Chapter

Minimum

5 of SP

tension

16 : 1980

reinforcement

Area of steel = 0.12 X s

Use

in footing

-_. For economy

k1g. 11.
6.7

x 450 = 540 mm*/m

12 mm 4 Fe 415 bars

Shear

Bracing

would

reasons,

of 0.12 percent

at 200 mm c/c

be small

depth

and

width
top and

hence

of footing,

is sufficient.

bottom

not critical

may be reduced

both

receiving

ways.
shearing

reinforcement.

to 200 mm at the free edge as shown

in

Design

Typical bracings arrangements

are shown
is illustrated
here (see Fig. 12).

in Fig.

10. Among

these Type

(b) bracing

detail

design

The wind force perpendicular

to the ridge is carried, by the frame action and hence only nominal
hracings are necessary in the gable end walls and at rafter level along the length of building.
Gable

End

Wall

Maximum

Bracings

length

of bracing

= dw

~5.23

=-=523
350

VIllI required

m=523

cm

1.5 cm

Use ISA 5050 X 6

Rafter

Level

Wind

pressure

Wind

drag

f-.orc,es on
.\t

3x

Bracings

nodes

on windward

gable

end = 0.7 X 1 000 = 700 N/m

on roof = 0.025 X 1 000 = 25 N/m*

Windward

Gable

End

X
1, 5 = 7002x2 3.86

tI..\SDBOOK

6+

OS

Truss
,;;x,)

STRUCTURES

+25X2

WtTH

4.07 X 42
22 = 5 330 N

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

*L----..

,._

___

. .

.._

___

--

SP

COLUMN SECTION
ASE

PLATE 620x500~20

LEAN CONCRETE

PI

AN AT A 4
FIG. 11

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

47(S&l)

: 1988

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

IDGE

LINE
-PURLINS

-EAVES

BEAM

IF!
_
-

.__._

11
1
\\/
I
I._.
LT
1
_1
__.
__.
0
- k._I

/c?
\

RAFTER
LEVEL
BRACING

:6
t-

18m

-.

-.

-L 70x70~6

!J

G;IRTS

PLAN AT RAFTER -LEVEL

( SAG RODS NOT SHOWN )

SIDE

ELEVATION

L 50x 50x6
HORIZONTAL

STRUT

FIG.

40

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

12

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cr8m)

SP 47(5&T)

: 1988

3.86 + 5.14
At node

2, 4 = 700 X

4.07 + 5.42
2

2x2

x 42
T

= 14 130 N
At node

The reactions
-figure.
Maximum
Try

ISA

700 X y(

from columns

bracing

/EX

l/rxx

JT

Assuming

20 dia

Net effective

Therefore,

it is OK.

pressure

X 100 = 351 which

on leeward

I.rr~cwd

gable

Gable

I, 5 =

At

2. 4 = 300 X

Since

cave\

z-

the rafter

bracing

be allowed.

_=
433
( + o35) (4.33 --- 2.15 X 0.6)

5.93 cm2

end = 0.3 X 1 000 = 300 N/m*

Errif Truss

3.86
2X3X2

+ 25 407 X !!? = 2 900 N

2
2

3.86 + 5.14 ) x ( 6 + 3 X 3.86 + 5.14

x 42 = 7 480 N
2

5.14
2X3X2

truss is not in one plane,

system

4.07 5.42

2X2X3

300 X -

On the vvindwnrd

may

4.33

2x2-

node

= 28 100 N

=- 5.93 X 100 X 150 = 88 950 N > 28 100 N

At nodes

At

are shown in the

100=277

area = (4.33 - 2.15 X 0.6) +

tension

nodes

= (2 859 - 533) m
6

truss for equilibrium

bolts,

Allowable

on

on the rafter bracing

= 18 260 N

75 X 75 X 6
=,

Force.v

2) + 25 X 5.42 X +

2 ;;,

and frames

force

11r,,

Wind

9 -

+25X5.42X:=9450

the tipping

effect of end gable load has to be resisted by

as shown.

end

= ( 14 I30 X 4.07 i- 1% 260 X 9.49/2)

= 24 020

= 12 550

6
011

rhc ICC\\~lld end

IZ55hg
t

HANDBOOK

-ON STRUCTURES

(7 480 X 4.07 + 9 450 x 9.49 2)

0

1255Iq

2402

WITH STEEL LATTICE

kg
t

PORTAL

FRAMES

2402h(
I

(Without Cranes)

41

SP 47(S&T) : 1988
Eaves

Truss

Forces due to tipping effect will cause additional

stresses on main rafters of portals.

2 402
= 8.0 MPa
compressive stress in the 4 - 65 X 65 X 6 rafter = 4 x 744

Additional

which is very small and can be neglected. The !ength of members of eaves truss is slightly less as
compared to the length of membf rs between nodes 2 and 3 but for uniformity sake, use ISA 75 X 75 X
6 as designed earlier.
Wind

Perpendicular

Wind columns

to End Gable

in gable

ends:

Wind pressure on end gable

= 0.7 P
=0.7X 100=700

Height of central column

N/m2

= 6.0 + 3.0 = 9.0 m

70 x 5.14 x 9*
= 36 430 N.m
8
Try ISMB 450

Maximum

moment in the wind columns =

1
_=9;=,,
r,
.

Therefore,

it is OK.

450
D/T = 17.4 = 25.9
FbC=

1.33=73

55X

MPa

36 430 X

fb, = 1 350.7 x 1100

OOo= 27 MPa
Therefore,

it is OK.

Use IS MB 450 wind columns in gable -ends.

Vertical

Bracing

Wind force

on Longitudinal

from

windward

Wall

side:

From roof drag

18
C-X
X 0.7 X 1 000 = 23 630 N
2
1y
1
= 25 X 9.49 X 21 = 4 980 N

Wall drag at eaves

= 25 X 1.5 X 21 = 790 N

From end gable

Wall drag at mid column = 25 X 3 X 21 = 1 580 N

_^_

Total force at top of column on windward side = 23 630 + 4 980 + 790 =29 400 N
Wind

force

from

leeward

side:
X 0.3 X

From end gable

Roof drag

= 4 980 N

Wail drag at eaves

= 790 N

1 000 X f = 10 130 N

Wall drag at mid column = 1 580 N

Total force at top of column on leeward side = 10 130 + 4 980 + 790 = 15 900 N

42

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

._

St 47(SkT)

: 1988

Try ISMB 250

600
= = 226 < 250
-2.65
Therefore,

it is OK.

Allowable compression = 20.7 X 4 755

= 98 430 N > 29 400 N
Therefore,

it is OK.

Length of bracing = dm=

Maximum

6.7 m = 670 cm

bracing force

= 9 (29 400 + 15 900 + 2 X 1 580) X y

6.0 m

=54 110 N
Try ISA 7 070 X 6
(I/r) = g+

Therefore,

= 313 < 350

it is OK.

Assuming 20 dia bolts,

Net effective area = (4.03 - 2.15 X 0.6) + 3 x;;3q;-,4

o3 =, 5.4 cm

Allowable tension = 540 X 150 = 81 000 N < 54 110 N

Therefore,

it is OK.

Additional

axial force in column = 54 I 10 X &- = 24 230 N

The column land foundation

7

SUMMARY

in the braced bay have to be checked for this additional

force.

AND CONCLUSIONS

7.1 Analysis and design of lattice portal frames (single bay, without cranes) have been presented for
five different spans, two different spacings, three different roof slopes, two/three different column
heights, three different basic wind pressures and five different earthquake zones. It has been found that
the forces in members even due to the lowest basic wind pressure of 100 kg/m* are more than that due
to the most severe earthquake zone forces.
In addition to analysis and design forces, foundation forces have also been given in tables for use in
the design of foundations. A worked lout example has also been given, both as an illustration of the
design methodology and as a check on computer analysis, and design results presented. Unit weight of
the frame members per square metre of the floorarea covered is also presented along with the design
results. The following observations may be made with regard to the unit, weight:

a) Portals with fixed base tend to have less unit weight compared to the corresponding portals with
hinged base.

b) Portals having longer spans have higher unit weight compared to shorter spans.
cl Generally portals having shallower roof slopes (I / 5) have a lower unit weight, particularly in the
case of portal frames with hinged base. However. in the case of portals with fixed base, the trend
is not clear.

4 Although unit weight of frames alone is more in the case of 4.5 m spacing of frames as compared

to 6 m spacing, this may not be still true if the weights of members spanning between frames
(purlins and girts) are also considered.

e>In

many cases, the lattice portal deflection limit (l/325) seems to be the governing consideration
in the design of members, exceptions being normally found in the case of frames having longer
span lengths and shorter column heights.

HANDROOK

ON STRljCTl!RES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988
REFERENCES

1;

104 : 1979

Specification
for
(second re\Gsion)

IS 123 : 1962

Specification
for
general .purposes,

1s 226 : 1975

Specification

IS 456 : 1978

Code

IS 800 : 1984

Code
of practice
construction

IS 806 : 1968

Code
of
construction.

IS 875 : I964

Code

IS 1893 : 1984

Criteria

ready

mixed

of practice

for plain
for

practice

for

brushing.

ready mixed paint.

to lndian Standard

for structural

of practice

paint.

finishing,

priming

semigloss,

quality)

(,fifi/r

re~~ision)

and

concrete

(third

w~isior~)

reinforced

of

use

for structural

earthquake

brushing,
colours

chrome.

steel (standard

use

for

zinc

structural
of

steel

safety

steel
tubes

in

general

building

in

general

building

of buildings:

resistance

design

for

Loading

of

standards

structures

(,/i~lrvl/r

re\+sion)

IS 2062 : 1984

Specification

IS 2074 : 1979

Specification
for ready
priming ( jirst rr~ision)

1s 3007
(Part 1): 1964

Fhd;s

IS 3757 : 1972

Specification

SP

16 : 1980

Design

for weldable

of practice

aids

mixed

for laying

for high

structural

re\i.sion)

air-drying,

red-oxide

of asbestos

strength

for reinforced

paint,

steel (third

structural

concrete

cement
bolts

sheets:

Part

(.sc~co~7tl

HANDBOOK

I Corrugated

re\i.siott)

to IS 456 : 1978

B. S. Sarma, V. Kalyanaraman
and 1.. N. Ramamurthy.
of lattice portal frames. Et7g O/j/. 9 (1986). 273-284

44

zinc chronic.

Manual
of Steel
Steel Construction,

Construction.
USA

eighth

edition.

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

Optimum

American

FRAMES

design

Institute

(Without

of

Cranes)

As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank

TABLE

bpan = 9.0 m
ROOF

SLOPE

Column height = 4.5 m

BASIC

MEMBER

COIVIPRE-

ANALYSIS

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

FRAMES

Frarhe spacing = 4.5 m

TENSION

PRES-

under

Moment

Shear unde?

Gomcnt

Corn-

(kN)

(kg/m*)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

under

Shear under

.4

SURE

SWAY

BASE/CROWN

HAUNCH

SSION

WIND

PORTAL

Ten-
sion
(kN.m)

fCompression
(kN)

Ten-
sion
(kN)

Cornpression
(kN.m)

0.0
1.1
2.3
4. I
3.6
7.1
0.0
1.8
2.4
5.3
3.7
8.6
0.0
2.3
2.5
6.0
3.8
9.6

0.0
12.9
0.0
13.0
0.0
13.1
0.0
15.0
0.0
15.0
0.0
15.1
0.0
16.3
0.0
16.3
0.0
16.5

Ten-
sion
(kN.m)

fCompression
(kN)

Ten)
sion
(kN)

(cm)

0.0
1.4
4.8
3.2
6.9
4.3
0.0
1.3
4.9
2.0
7.0
3.7
0.0
1.3
5.0
2.1
7.9

0.99

Hinged Base
i/3.0

100
150
2Ob

114.0

100
150
200

115.0

100

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

150
200

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

21.0
8.3
21.0
i.3
21.4
8.4
22. I
7.8
22.0
7.8
22.4
7.9
22.7
7.4
22.7
7.4
23.0
7.5

0.0

1.2
1.6
3.4
5.2
5.6
0.0
1.3
2.7
3.4
6.6
5.4
0.0
I .4
3.4
3.4
7.6
5.3

17.3
17.8
17.3
17.8
20.9
18.0
18.7
19.2
18.6
19.2
18.8
19.4
19.6
20.1
19.6
20. I
19.7
20.3

0.0
8.1
16.1
15.7
23.6
23. I
0.0
8.4
16.5
16.1
24. I
23.7
0.0
8.8
17.1
16.6
24.8
24.4

3.8
12.6
3.8
12.7
3.9
12.8
4.2
14.1
4. I
14. I
4.2
14.2
4.3
IS.0
4.3
15.0
4.4
15.1

0.0
4.5
0.0
4.3
0.0
4. I

0.0
3.6
0.0
2.7
0.0
2.8
0.0
2.9
0.0
1.9
0.0
4.3

3.8
2.1
5.6
0.3
7.4
0.3
4.2
1.9
5.3
2.7
7.9
0.7
4.3
1.5
5.0
2.5
6.2
3.2

3.4

1.30
1.31
0.89
1.17
1.20
0.85
1.12
1.16

Fixed
Column

21.1

0.0

16.0

0.0

6.0

0.0

10.8

0.0

6.0

0.0

Beam

10.3

0.4

16.4

I.3

12.0

0.3

II.2

1.9

0.7

0.0

Column

21.1

0.0

16.1

0.0

6.0

0.0

10.9

0.0

6.0

0.0

Beam

10.3

2.6

16.5

5.2

12.0

I.9

II.1

3.6

I.0

0.5

Column

21.1

2.3

16.1

93

6.0

3.7

15.0

14.7

7.0

Beam

10.3

4.7

l6:5

9.0

12.0

4.2

Il.1

3.3

1.3

0.7

Column

22. I

0.0

17.6

0.0

l0.d

0.7

17.9

2.t.J

Column

21.1

0.5

17.7

6.5

Beam

10.0
22. I
10.0
22.8

2.9
3.9
0.0

18.0
17.7
18.1
18.6

6.2
10.7
10.5
0.0

13.5
6.4
13.5
6.7

0.9
1.3
3.1
5.0
5.2

19.0
18.7
19.0
18.7
19.1

2.4
7.3
7.0
Il.8
II.5

14.5
6.7
14.5
6.7
14.5

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
NOTE - Wherever
increased allowable

Base

design is governed
stresses.

9.7
22.7
9.7
22.7
9.7

5.0

bk DL i- WL combination,

8.

6.4

0.0

II.2

0.0

6.4

0.0

13.5

0.5

13.7

3.2

0.4

0.3

6.4

2.4

II.2

3.1
4.0
5.8
0.0

13.6
14.7
13.5
II.4

IO.1
2.3
14.8
2.8
0.0

6.4
0.6
8.2
0.1
6.7

4.9
0.5
7.4
0.8
0.0

0.9
2.6
3.9
4.3
6.9

15.4
II.4
15.3
I I.4
15.2

2.7
10.3
I.9
15.1
4.3

0.5
6.7
0.4
6.7
0.4

0.3
5.2
0.4
7.6
0.5

the corresoonding

design forces have been multiplied

by

0.48
0.60
0.73
0.41

0.52
0.67
0.38
0.50
0.64

I: 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span
ROOF

9.0

SLOPE

Column
BASIC

height = 4.5 m

MEMBER

WIND

COMP~E-

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

spacing

?i
2

doment

under

\
Shear

SURE

(kg/ ml)

(kN)

(kN)

I/4.0

l/5.0

Column
Beam
150
Column
Beam
Column
200
Beam
Column
100
Beam
Column
150
Beam
Column
200 /
Beam
Column
100
Beam
Column
150
Beam
Column
200
Beam
100

21.2
10.5
21.5
10.6
28.0
10.7
28.6
9.9
28.9
10.0
29.6
10.0
29.5
9.5
29.4
9.4
29.9
9.5

0.0
2.0
2.6
4.9
7.3
1.8
0.0
2.1
4.0
4.8
9.4
1.5
0.0
2.2
5.2
4.8
10.8
1.3

21.8
22.8
22.2
23.0
21.2
24. I
23.6
24.6
23.8
24.8
23.8
24.9
24.8
25.8
24.1
25.1
24.9
26.0

sion

Compression

Tension

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

Hinged
l/3.0

under
A

2cZ-YzTen

0.0
II.5
22.2
21.5
32. I
31.3
0.0
II.9
22.1
22.0
32.9
32.1
0.0
12.3
23.6
22.8
33.9
33.1

Base

SWAY

BASE/CR~WN

&

pression
(kN.m)

Ki

FRAMES

HhNCH
/

PIlES-

PORTAL

= 4.5 m

TENSION

SSION

OF LATTICE

Moment
*

Shear

under
/

..
LL

under

Compression
(kN.m)

Tension

Compression

Ten?
siod

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

0.0
16.7
0.0
16.8
0.0
17.1
0.0
19.3
0.0
19.5
0.0
19.6
0.0
21.1
0.0
21.1
0.0
21.3

0.0
5.6
0.0
5.3
0.0
5.1
0.0
4.2
0.0
3.1
0.0
4.4
0.0
3.3
0.0
3.2
0.0
6.5

ii

(cm)

_
4.8
16.2
4.9
16.3
4.9
16.5
5.2
18.1
5.3
18.2
5.3
18.3
5.5
19.3
5.5
19.2
5.5
19.4

0.0
2.0
3.3
5.9
4.9
9.8
0.0
2.9
3.4
1.4
5.1
12.0
0.0
3.6
3.6
8.6
5.3
13.4

4.8
2.8
1.7
4.3
9.7
0.5
5.2
2.3
6.9
3.7
8.6
0.9
5.5
2.1
6.5
3.3
8.1
4.3

0.0
I.8
6.6
4.3
9.4
5.8
0.0
I.7
6.1
3.6
10.7
4.9
0.0
1.7
6.9
2.8
IO.8
4.5

I.15
1.30
1.26
I .Ol
I.17
1.34
I .02
1.37
1.29

Fixed
113.0

100
150
200

l,4.0

100
150
200

I / 5.0

100
150
200

NOfE increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Cblumn
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

27. I
13.0
21.2
13.0
21.2
13.0
28.6
12.6
28.6
12.6
28.6
12.6
29.4
12.3
29.5
12.3
29.5
12.3

0.0
I.0
0.0
3.9
3.8
6.8
0.0
1.4
1.3
4.2
5.9
7.1
0.0
I.6
2.4
4.4
7.3
7.2

20. I
20.7
20.2
20.8
20.2
20.8
22.1
22.7
22.2
22.8
22.2
22.9
23.4
24.0
23.5
24.1
23.6
24.2

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
2.5
0.0
7.6
13.2
12.7
0.0
3.3
9.4
9.0
15.1
14.6
0.0
4.0
10.4
9.9
16.4
15.9

7.4
15.3
7.5
15.4
1.5
15.3
8.0
Il.4
8.0
Il.4
8.1
17.4
8.3
18.7
8.4
18.7
8.4
18.7

the corresponding

0.0
0.2
0.0
3.1
5.1
6. I
0.0
I.1
3.5
4.1
5.6
8.3
0.0
I.8
3.8
5.7
5.9
9.7
design

forces

13.4
14.8
14.6
14.7
17.1
14.6
14.0
18.1
14.0
17.9
20.0
Il.9
14.2
20.3
14.2
20.2
20. I
20. I

0.0
2. I

0.0
4.4
19.9
4.0
0.0
3.9
13.8
2.6
20.0
4.4
0.0
3.0
14.0
3.2
20.3
6.5

have been multiplied

1.4
0.9
7.6
1.3
7.9
0.4
8.0
B.5
8.0
0.8
I I.2
0.2
8.3
0.6
8.4
0.6
I I.4
0.6

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
9.6
1.7
0.0
0.5
6.8
0.6
IO.0
I.0
0.0
0.4
7. I

0.58
0.73
0.9 I
0.50
0.64
0.83
0.46
0.62

bs
10.4
0.7

0.19

by I, 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 9.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column height = 4.5 m

BASIC. MEMBER
WIND

ANALYSIS

RESULTS

Frame spacing=45

OF LATTICE

HAUNCH
h

PnFs-

Moment

under

SURE
5ii?iZ

(kg/m*)

(kN)

(kN)

FRAMES

GDMPRE-TENSION
SSION

PORTAL

pression
(kN.m)

sion
(kN.m)

Shear under
A
\
%omTenTresssion
ion
(kN)
(kN)

SWAY

BASE/CROWN
h

Moment under

Compression
(kN.m)

3
Tension
(kN.m)

Shear under
fCompression

Ten-
sion

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

4.8
0.6
8.0
5.5
10.3
7.3
5.3
3.5
7.1
0.9
9.6
1.0
5.2
3.3
7.2
4.9
9.3
6.2

0.0
3.1
6.2
5.6
10.7
7.6
0.0
2.8
6.2
5.1
10.6
6.9
0.0
2.8
6.3
4.3
lb.6

1.83

Hinged Base
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

22.5
7.4
23.4
7.5
23.6
7.6
23.5
6.X
24.0
6.9
24.4
6.9
24.2
6.3
24.5
6.4
25. I
6.5

0.0
2.1
2.3
4.4
6.9
6.9
0.0
2.1
3.6
4.2
8.3
6.4
0.0
2.0
4.4
4.0
9.2
6.0

17.2
18.1
28.6
29.2
35.8
36.5
19.5
20. I
22.6
22.0
32.8
31.6
19.4
20.2
25.2
22. I
31.5
32.2

0.0
15.5
27.1
26.4
38.4
31.7
0.0
15.6
27.4
26.7
38.6
37.9
0.0
15.9
27.9
27.2
39.1
38.4

2.9
13.0
3.1
13.3
3.;
13.3
3.1
14.3
3.1
14.5
3.2
14.7
3.2
15.2
3.3
15.3
3.3
15.6

0.0

2.5
2.8
6.1
4.2
9.9
0.0
3.3
2.9
7.4
I.2
11.5
0.0
3.8
3.0
8.2
4.3
12.5

0.0
14.1
0.0
14.5
0.0
14.6
0.0
16.0
0.0
16.2
0.0
16.4
0.0
17.2
0.0
17.4
0.0
17.7

0.0
5.3
0.0
5.4
0.0
5.3
0.0
4.1
0.0
3.4
0.0
2.1
0.0
3.3
0.0
2.1
0.0
3.9

6.6

1.59
1.82
1.69
1.72
1.82
1.64
1.82

I .78

Fixed
l/3

100
150
200

l/4.0

100
I50
200

l/5.0

100
150
200

NOTEincreased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

22.5
8.9
22.5
8.9
22.5
8.9
23.5
8.4
23.5
8.4
23.5
8.4
24. I
8.0
24.1
8.0
24.2
8.0

0.0
0.8
0.0
3.0
2.2
5.2
0.0
I.1
0. I
3.2
3.1
5.2
0.0
I.2
0.9
3.2
4.8
5.2

16.4
17.0
16.5
17.0
16.5
17.0
17.8
18.4
17.9
18.5
18.0
18.5
18.7
19.2
18.8
19.3
18.8
19.4

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
3.3
0.0
8.3
13.6
13.2
0.0
3.9
9.6
9.2
14.9
14.5
0.0
4.4
10.4
10.0
16.0
15.5

4.5
12.5
4.5
12.4
4.5
12.4
4.8
13.9
4.8
13.9
4.8
13.9
4.9
14.8
5.0
14.8
5.0
14.8

the corresponding

0.0
0.1

o.b
2.5
4. I
5.0
0.0
0.8
2.7
3.7
4.2
6.7
0.0
1.3
2.9
4.5
4.4
7.8
desrgn

forces

14.8
12.9
19.4
12.8
25.1
12.7
II.3
15.1
18.4
15.1
26.6
15.0
II.4
16.6
18.9
16.5
26.5
16.4

0.0
4.6
0.0
4.3
24. I
4.1
0.0
3.7
16.9
2.8
23.9
2.8
0.0
3.0
17.1
1.8
24.0
4.3

have

been multiplied

6. I
I.1
1.9
1.7
10.4
0.i
4.8
0.8
7.6
1.2
II.1
1.7
4.9
0.8
8.0
I.0
Il.2
I.5

0.0
0.5
0.0
0.7
8.5
2.2

0.83

0.0

0.75

0.5
6.1
0.6
8.7
0.8
0.0
0.4
6.3
0.6
8.9
0.9

I .b8
1.34

0.98
1.24
0.71
0.95
I.21

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

Fixed
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
NOTEincreased

Wherever
allowable

design is governed
stresses.

29.0
II.2
29.0
I I.2
29.0
Il.2
30.4
10.6
30.4
10.6
30.3
10.6
31.3
IO.1
31.3
10.2
31.3
10.2

0.0
1.6
0.0
4.4
3.1
7.3
0.0
I.8
0.8
4.6
5.8
1.3
0.0
2.0
1.9
4.6
7.1
1.3

20.5
21.4
20.5
21.5
20.6
21.6
22.3
23.3
22.4
23.3
22.4
23.4
23.4
24.4
23.5
24.5
23.6
24.6

by DL + WL combination,

Rase

0.0
5.2
0.B
Il.8
19.2
18.4
0.6
6.p
13.8
13.0
20.9
20. I
0.0
6.6
14.7
14.0
22.1
21.4

5.6
15.9
5.6
15.9
5.6
15.9
6.0
17.9
6.0
17.9
6.0
17.9
6.2
19.1
6.2
19.1
6.2
19.1

the corresponding

0.0
0.6
0.0.
3.9
5.6
7.2
0.0
1.6
3.9
5.6
5.8
9.5
0.0
2.3
4. I
6.6
6. I
10.9
design

forces

15.9
16.9
26.2
16.8
36.6
16.7
15.5
19.9
23.9
19.7
35.8
19.6
15.6
21.9
25.6
21.7
35.1
21.6

0.0
5.1
0.0
5.4
32.3
5.0
0.0
4.5
22.9
3.2
32. I

6.5
I.5
10.8
2.3
15.1
0.2
6.5
!.I
10.0
1.7
15.0

0.0
0.6
0.0
0.9
Il.6
3.0
0.0
0.6
8.3
0.8
I I.8

4.5
0.0
3.5
23.0
3.1
32.2
6.6

0.7
6.6
I.0
10.8
1.4
15.1
2.0

2.3
0.0
0.5
8.5
0.8
12.0
I.0

have been multiplied

I.01
1.32
1.65
0.9 I
I.22
1.54
0.87
1.18
1.49

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 12.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

height = 4.5 m

MEMBER

ANALYSIS
Frame

PRES-

OF LATTICE

HAUNCH
*
Moment

under

(kN)

(kg/m*)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

Com-

150
200
I/4.0

100
150
200.

l/5.0

100
I50
200

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

26.3
12.5
26.2
12.5
26.6
12.6
27.1
12.1
21.6
12.1
28.0
12.2
28.6
11.8
28.5
Il.7
28.5
11.7

0.0
0.9
1.6
3.8
5.8
6.6
0.0
1.2
3.1
4.0
7.8
6.7
0.0
1.4
4.1
4.1
9.4
6.8

30.3
30.8
30.2
30.8
30.5
31.1
33.0
33.5
32.9
33.5
33.2
33.8
34.7
35.3
34.7
35.2
34.6
35.3

Tension

sion

pression

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

6.7
t6.2
6.1
16.2
6.8
lb.4
7.3
18.2
7.3
18.2
7.4
18.3
7.7
19.5
7.1
19.4
7.1
19.4

0.0
0.5
2.6
3.9
4.3
7.2
0.0
1.4
2.9
5.4
4.6
9.3
0.0
2.0
3.1
6.4
5.0
10.8

Hinged
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

FRAMES

0.0
7.3
17.5
17.0
26.9
26.5
0.0
8.1
18.6
18.2
28.4
28.0
0.0
8.7
19.7
19.2
30.1
29.6

BASE/CROWN
h

under
A

G?YzTen

100

Shear

SURE

113.0

PORTAL

spacing = 4.5 m

COMPRE- TENSION
SSION

WIND

RESULTS

Moment
\

compression
(kN.m)

Shear

under
/.

SWAY
\

under

Tension

Compression

Ten-
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

6.1
1.7
6.7
2.5
7.7
0. I
7.3
1.2
7.3
1.8
7.4
0.5
7.i
0.9
7.1
1.5
7.7
0.8

0.0
0.8
5.1
1.2
1.1
3.3
0.0
0.6
5.4
I.0
8.0
2.5
0.0
0.6
5.6
1.0
8.4
2.1

1.01

Base
0.0
20.2
0.0
20.2
0.0
20.5
0.0
24.1

0.0
I
0.0

24.

24.3
0.0
26.7
0.0
26.1
0.0
26.8

0.0
3.3
0.0
6.2
0.0
5.8
0.0
55
0.0
3.8
0.0
5.1
0.0
4.4
0.0
3.6
0.0
7.8

ss.

1.29
1.30
0.86
1.11
1.15
0.80
1.05
i.31

---

76-

..

TABLE
Column

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

BASIC

height = 4.5 m

MEMBER

COMPRE-

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

FRAMES

spacing = 6.0 m

TENSION

~~

Moment

Shear

under

under\

Moment

(kg/m?

(kN)

(kN)

Gempression
(kN.m)

33.9
15.9
34.2
16.0
34.9
16.2
35.7
15.4
35.1
15.4
36.3
15.5
36.9
IS.0
36.8
15.0
31.3
15.1

0.0
1.8
2.8
5.5
8.3
9.2
0.0
2.1
5.0
5.8
11.2
9.4
0.0
2.3
6.4
5.9
13.1
9.5

38.2
39.2
38.4
39.5
38.9
40.0
41.8
42.8
41.8
42.8
42. I
43.2
44.1
45. I
44.0
45. I
44.2
45.4

Ten-

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

fCom-

Ten-
siod

sion

pression

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

8.5
20.7
8.5
20.9
8.6
21.2
9.3
23.3
9.3
23.3
9.4
23.6
9.8
25.0
9.8
25.0
9.8
25. I

0.0
1.4
3.8
5.8
6.0
10.2
0.0
2.6
4. I
7.9
6.5
13.1
0.0
3.4
4.5
9.3
6.9
15.0

Hinged
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

under

Shear

under

rz

SURE

SWAY

L-

PRES-

~~

BASE/CROWN

HAUNCH

SSION

WIND

PORTAL

0.0
II.0
24.5
23.7
37.0
36.2
0.0
12.0
26.1
25.3
39.3
38.4
0.0
12.9
21.6
26.8
41.3.
40.4

Cornpression
(kN.m)

Ten-
sion

Cornpression

Ten)
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
3.5
0.0
1.6
0.0
7.1
0.0
6.4
0.0
4.3
0.0
1.9
0.0
4.9
0.0
5.9
0.0
11.5

8.5
2.2
8.5
3.5
10.5
0. I
9.3
1.5
9.3
2.4
9.4
3.4
9.8
1.2
9.8
2.0
9.8
2.1

0.0

1.21

Base
0.0
26. I

0.0
26.3
0.0
26.1
0.0
31.1
0.0
31.2
0.0
31.5
0.0
34.6
0.0
34.6
0.0
34.9

1.0

7.1
3.3
10.5
4.4
0.0
0.9
1.5
1.4
11.0
3.3
0.0
0.8
7.8
1.4
II.4
2.8

1.25
1.24
1.04

I .35
I.28
0.96
1.28
1.32

-/.

Fixed
loo

I /?.I)

I so
200
I

/iO

104)
I so
200

I /S.O

100
IS0
200

NOTE
increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

34.2
20. I
33.u
20. I
33.8
20. I
36. I
20.4
36. I
20.2
36.0
20.2
31.4
20.5
31.3
20.3
37.3
20.2

0.0
0.8
0.6
5.0
5.9
9. I
0.0
1.5
2.6
5.8
x.5
10.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.3
IO.3
10.6

34.2
34.9
34.2
34.9
34.3
35.0
3x.9
39.5
38.6
39.3
38.5
39.2
42.3
42.9
41.8
42.4
41.6
42.3

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
2.0
10.0
9.5
17.6
17.1
0.0
3.5
12.6
12.1
11.2
20.7
0.0
I.7
14.5
4.4
23.8
10.4

13.0
19.3
13.0
19.3
13.0
19.3
14.4
22. I
14.3
22. I
14.2
22. I
15.4
23.8
15.2
23.9
IS.1
23.9

the corresponding

0.0
0.0
3.9
3.6
6.8
7.3
0.0
1.3
4.6
5.1
7.8
10.2
0.0
0.1
5.2
4.0
8.5
8.0
design

forces

24. I
21.5
24. I
21.4
24. I
21.3
25.9
26.7
25.6
27. I
25.4
27.3
27. I
29.9
26.5
30.8
26.3
31.1

0.0
3.0
15.2
6.0
23.2
5.4
0.0
I.1
15.8
3.5
23.9
1.3
0.0
4.2
16.5
5.3
24.1
10.6

have been multiplied

13.0
I.5
13.0
I.5
13.0
1.5
14.4
0.1
14.3
0.6
14.2
0.6
15.4
0.0
15.2
0.0
15.1
0.0

0.0
0.3
7.3
0.8
il.3
1.3
0.0
0.5
8.0
0.8
12.3
I.1
0.0
0.6
8.6
0.9
13.0
1,.I

0.58
0.68
0.86
0.43
0.55
0.76
0.35
0.50
0.68

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 12.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

height = 6.0 m

MEMBER

ANALYSIS
Frame

HAUNCH
&
Moment

under

under
*

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

Column
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

21.7
II.0
28.3
II.1
29.0
II.3
29. I
10.3
29.4
10.4
30. I
10.6
30.0
9.9
30.3
9.9
31.0
IO. I

0.0
I.7
1.9
4.5
6.6
7.4
0.0
I.8
3.6
4.5
8.7
7.2
0.0
I.9
4.5
4.5
9.9
7.0

30.6
31.5
31.0
31.9
31.5
38.3
33. I
34.0
33.3
34.2
33.7
34.1
34.1
35.6
34.9
35.8
35.4
36.4

Moment under
h

sion

Tension

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

Compression
(kN.m)

5.1
16.7
5.2
17.0
5.3
i 7.3
5.5
18.6
5.5
18.7
5.6
19.0
5.8
19.8
5.8
20.0
5.9
20.3

0.0
1.6
3.1
5.4
4.7
9.3
0.0
2.5
3.2
7.0
4.9
II.4
0.0
3.1
3.4
8.0
5.1
12.8

0.0
22.8
0.0
23. I
0.0
23.5
0.0
26.3
0.0
26.5
0.0
26.9
0.0
28.7
0.0
28.9
0.0
29.4

Hinged
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

0.0
14.6
28.5
27.8
41.6
40.8
0.0
15.2
29.4
28.7
42.1
42.0
0.0
15.8
30.3
29.6
43.9
43.2

SWAY

BA~E/CROWN
h

Compression

zi-xzTen-\

(kg/ mr)

FRAMES

Shear

SURE

200

PORTAL

spacing = 4.5 m

COMPRE- TENSION

SSION

WIND
PaEs-

RESULT!3 OF LATTICE

Shear
\

under

Tension

Compression

Ten-
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

5.1
2.8
1.9
4.3
9.9
5.7
5.5
2.3
7.1
3.1
8.8
4.8
5.8
2.1
6.1
3.3
8.4
4.3

0.0
I.8
6.4
4.3
9.2
5.8
0.0
1.7
6.6
2.7
9.3
4.9
0.0
1.7
6.7
2.8
10.6
4.5

1.79

Base
0.0
7.9
0.0
7.7
0.0
7.5
0.0
6.2
o,O
4.8
0.0
4.9
0.0
5.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
7.5

1.80
1.75
I.61
1.76
1.72
1.54
1.69
1.65

Fixed
100

l/3.0

150
200
I/4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
I50
200

NOTEincreased

tiherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

21.1
13.6
27.7
13.6
21.6
13.6
29.1
13.2
29. I
13.3
29.1
13.3
30.0
12.9
30.0
12.9
29.9
12.9

0.0
0.6
0.0
3.5
3.4
6.4
0.0
1.0
0.9
3.9
5.5
6.8
0.0
1.3
2.0
4.1
6.9
7.0

28.4
28.9
28.4
29.0
28.4
29.0
31.2
31.7
31.3
31.9
31.4
32.0
33.0
33.5
33.0
33.6
33.1
33.i

by DL + BL.combination,

Base

0.0
2.5
0.0
9.4
16.7
16.3
0.0
3.7
11.6
11.2
19.2
18.8
0.0
4.5
13.0
12.6
21.1
20.7

7.9
15.8
7.9
15.8
7.9
15.8
8.5
17.9
8.5
17.9
8.5
17.9
8.8
19.2
8.9
19.2
8.9
19.2

the corresponding

0.0
0.3
0.0
2.7
4.9
5.7
0.0
0.7
3.3
4.3
5.4
7.8
0.0
1.3
3.6
5.3
5.8
9.3
design

forces

19.1
19.7
19.1
19.5
26.8
19.4
19.8
24. I
19.9
24.0
26.3
23.9
20.1
27. I
20. I
26.9
26.5
26.8

0.0
3.3
0.0
6. I
26.3
5.6
0.0
5.6
18.0
4.0
26.4
5.1
0.0
4.6
18.4
3.5
26.9
7.7

have been multiplied

7.9
0.9
7.9
1.3
10.9
0.5
8.5
0.5
x.5
0.X

I I.0
0.2
X.8
0.6
8.9
0.6
I I.2
0.6

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
9.4
1.7
0.0
0.4
6.6
0.6
9.x

0.79
0.99
I.20
0.6X
0.85
1.10

1.o
0.0
0.4
6.9
0.5
IO.?
0.7

0.62
0.x2
I .05

by I 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Column

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

height = 6.0 m

BASIC MEMBER
WIND
PRESSURE

(kg/ mr)

ANALYSIS RESULTS
Frame

OF LATTICE

100

COMPRE- TENSION
SSION

HAUNCH
A
under
Shear

Moment

150
200
l/4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
I50
200

unde>

(kN)

Gempression
(kN.m)

36. I
14.0
37.0
14.3
38. I
14.5
37.9
13.2
38.6
13.4
39.2
13.5
39.1
12.6
39.8
12.8
40.5
12.9

0.0
2.7
3.1
6.4
9.2
10.2
0.0
2.8
5.2
6.4
12.2
9.9
0.0
2.9
6.5
6.3
13.9
9.7

38.8
40.4
39.5
41.2
43.7
42.4
42. I
43.7
42.6
44.2
43.0
44.7
44.2
45.8
44.7
46.4
45.2
46.9

BASE/CROWH
h
Shear
under

Goment

(kN)

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
*Beam
-Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

FRAMES

spacing = 6.0 m
SWAY
under

A
Ten-
sion

Gompression

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

Cornpression
(kN.m)

6.5
21.5
6.6
22.0
6.7
22.4
7.0
24.0
7.1
24.3
7.2
24.6
1.4
25.6
7.5
25.9
7.5
26.2

0.0
2.7
4.3
7.8
6.4
12.8
0.0
3.9
4.5
9.9
6.7
15.8
0.0
4.8
4.7
II.2
7.0
17.6

0.0
29.5
0.0
30. I
0.0
30.7
0.0
34.2
0.0
34.6
0.0
35. I
0.0
37.3
0.0
37.8
0.0
38.3

Hinged
r/3.0

PORTAL

0.0
20.5
39.1
37.9
56.5
55.2
0.0
il.2
40.3
39.0
58.2
56.8
0.0
22.0
41.5
40.2
59.8
58.5

Ten-
sion

Ten-
sion

Cornpression

Ten?
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

6.5
3.7
IO.1
0.6
14.2
0.6
7.0
3.1
9.2
4.9
II.6
6.4
7.4
2.8
8.8
4.4
10.9
5.7

0.0
2.4
8.8
5.7
12.4
7.7
0.0
2.3
8.9
4.8
14.2
6.5
0.0
2.3
9.1
3.7
14.3
6.0

1.79

Base
0.0
9.8
0.0
9.6
0.0
9.4
0.0
7.5
0.0
5.6
0.0
7.5
0.0
5.8
0.0
5.3
0.0
II.1

1.74
1.62
I.61
1.68
1.73
1.54
1.62
1.66

Fixed
l/3.0

100
150
200

i/4.0

100
150
200

I/5.0

100
I50
200

NOTE increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
design is governed
stresses.

35.7
17.2
35.7
17.2
35.7
17.2
37.5
16.7
37.5
16.7
37.5
16.7
38.7
16.2
38.8
16.3
38.7
16.3

0.0
1.4
0.0
5.3
5.4
9.1
0.0
1.9
2.1
5.8
8.3
9.6
0.0
2.2
3.5
6.0
10.2
9.7

35.5
36.5
35.6
36.7
35.7
36.8
39. I
40. I
39.2
40.3
39.3
40.4
41.4
42.4
41.6
42.6
41.7
42.8

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
4.6
0.0
13.7
23.7
22.9
0.0
6.2
17.0
16.2
21.0
26.2
0.0
1.3
18.7
17.9
29.4
28.6

9.9
20.3
9.9
20.3
9.9
20.3
10.6
23.0
0.7
23.0
10.7
23.0
I I.1
24.7
II.!
24.7
II.1
24.7

the corresponding

0.0
0.3
0.0
4.3
6.9
8.2
0.0
1.7
4.7
6.4
1.5
II.2
0.0
2.5
5.1
7.8
8.0
13.1
design

23.7
26.0
25.5
25.8
30.3
25.7
24.6
31.8
24.7
31.6
35.8
31.4
25.0
35.7
25. I
35.5
35.9
35.3
forces

0.0
3.6
0.0
1.6
35.6
6.9
0.0
6.6
24.7
4.4
35.7
8.0
0.0
5.2
25. I
5.9
36.2
Ii.7

9.9
1.2
10.3
1.8
IO.5
2.5
10.6
0.7
10.7
1.2
15.1
0.3
I I.1
0.8
II.1
0.g
15.3
0.8

have been multiplied

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
12.9
2.3
0.0
0.6
9.2
0.8
13.4
1.4
0.0
0.5
9.5
0.7
13.9
I.0

0.95
I.19
I .49
0.81
I .06
I .36
0.75
I .02
1.30

by I/ f.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 12.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

10

height = 9.0 m

MEMBER

ANALYSIS

RESULTS

Frame

spacing = 6.0 m

COMPRE- TENSION

OF LATTICE

FRAMES

*-

PRESSURE

Moment

under

Shear

unde?

Moment

(kN)

(kg/ m2)

(kN)

Ten-
sion

Corn-

(kN.m)

(kN)

5.4
23.6
7.3
24.3
4.8
25.1
4.8
25.7
5.0
26.8
8.2
27.5
5.0
27.3
5.2
28.3
7.7
29: 1

Hinged
Column

Column
Column
Column

Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

43.9
12.7
46.1
13.0
48.4
16.0
44.9
11.4
48.0
11.8
50.2
12.2
46.1
10.6
49.2
11.0
51.4
11.3

2.0
11.8
12.6
19.9
23.3
28.1
4.1
10.9
14.8
18.0
26. I
25.2
5.2
10.2
16.4
16.7
28.2
23.4

75.5
97.8
106.3
138.7
43.1
180.2
70.0
90.7
44.8
48.1
127.3
166.6
6t.9
83.3
46.8
132.1
123.0
51.4

under

Shear

under3

h
Compression
(kN.m)

SWAY

BASE/CROWN
A

HAUNCH

SSION

WIND

POriTAL

pression

sion

Cornpression

Ten?
sion

(kN)

Cornpression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(em)

4.8
17.7
8.0
30.7
11.2
43.8
4.9
20.4
8.0
34.5
11.2
48.8
5.0
22.0
8.1
37.1
11.3
52.3

-0.0
35.2
0.0
36.2
0.0
37.3
0.0
39.0
0.0
40.6
0.0
41.7
0.0
41.8
0.0
43.4
0.0
44.6

0.0
13.5
0.0
13.9
0.0
14.5
0.0
7.5
0.0
11.1
0.0
19.1
0.0
6.8
0.0
16.3
0.0
26. I

14.4
14.5
20.8
21.5
4.8
28.6
13.6
13.4
5.0
1.9
25.8
26. I
13.3
2.2
5.2
2.2
25.1
2.3

10.8
15.1
21.5
22.8
29.2
30.7
10.8
13.9
21.2
21.2
28.8
28.4
10.9
13.4
21.2
20.5
28.8
27.5

2.54

Ten-
sion

Ten-

Base

70.4
%.7
112.4
152.8
154.7
209.4
70.7
97.0
112.2
152.5
154.0
298.5
71.6
98.1
113.4
154.2
155.6
210.6

2.59
2.59
2.66
2.43
2.43
2.59
2.38
2.37

Fixea
Column
Column
Column
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Column
Column
Column
Beam
NOTE increased

Wherever
allowable

design is governed
stresses.

39.1
14.3
48.3
14.6
41.3
14.8
41.2
13.2
12.0
13.8
43.2
14.1
42.4
12.5
43.2
13.1
44.5
13.3

0.0
8.5
4.1
15.3
II.1
22.1
0.0
8.5
I. I
15.1
14.9
21.6
0.3
8.4
9.8
14.8
17.4
21.2

37.6
39.5
39.2
41.2
40.1
42.2
39.4
41.3
42.6
44.6
43.9
46.0
41.4
43.3
44.9
46.9
45.8
47.9

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
32.3
37.8
53.6
53.9
75. I
0.0
35.8
41.8
58.9
59.1
82.1
26. I
37.1
44.5
62.5
63.3
87.7

6.8
21.3
1.2
21.1
7.3
21.3
7.0
23.9
7.6
23.7
1.9
23.8
7.2
25.5
7.9
25.3
8.1
25.4

the corresponding

0.0
8.5
8.0
16.2
II.5
23.9
0.0
11.3
8.3
20.4
II.9
29.5
4.8
13.0
8.6
23.2
12.3
33.3
design

forces

52.9
29.3
86.2
26.6
119.1
26.2
51.1
36.1
83.5
31.9
115.9
30.7
50.9
39.5
70.0
34.9
26.8
34.2

0.0
9.5
74.5
1.9
103.2
9.5
0.0
5.7
12.9
12.9
101.8
19.7
44.3
9.0
73.2
17.8
114.6
26.7

have been multiplied

14.3
0.5
22.8
0.3
31.2
0.3
14.3
3.7
22.1
I.0
31.1
5.4
14.3
3.3
18.7
1.4
8.1
1.4

0.0
4.4
16.9
6.1
23.4
8.0
0.0
2.1
17.2
5.1
23.8
6.6
10.8
2.3
17.5
4.6
31.3
6.1

2.40
2.60
2.56
2.54
2.55
2.37
2.41
2.48
2.64

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 18.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

11

height = 6.0 m

MEMBER

WIND
PPEsSURE

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

h
under

(kN)

TCompression
(kN.m)

sion
(kN.m)
Hinged

100
150
200

l/4.0

100
I50
200

l/5.0

100
150
200

5.

Shear

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

38.6
19.9
38.9
20.0
39.8
20.3
40.1
19.3
40.7
19.4
41.5
19.7
42.0
19.0
42.0
19.1
42.3
19.2

0.0
1.0
2.0
5.3
7.8
9.3
0.0
I.7
4.5
5.8
11.1
9.8
0.0
2.0
6.0
6. I
13.5
10.2

67.8
68.7
68.0
69.0
69.2
70.2
73.4
74.3
74.0
75.0
75. I
76.1
77.8
78.7
78.2
79.2
78.5
79.6

0.0
12.1
32.1
31.4
50.7
49.9
0.0
14.5
35.2
34,5
54.8
54.0
0.0
16.0
37.6
36.9
58.7
58.0

Moment

under
I

SWAY

BA~E/CROWN
h

\
*

(kN)

FRAMES

HAUNCH

/
Moment

(kg/m*)

113.0

PORTAL

spacing = 4.5 m

COMPRE- TENSION

SSION

OF LATTICE

Shear

under
I

under

Tension

Compression

Ten?
sion

(kN)

Compression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
0.3
3.7
5.1
6.2
9.6
0.0
1.9
4.2
7.4
6.9
12.8
0.0
2.8
4.6
8.9
7.6
15.1

0.0
42.5
0.0
42.8
0.0
43.6
0.0
51.0
0.0
51.5
0.0
52.4
0.0
56.8
0.0
57.7
0.0
58. I

0.0
6.9
0.0
13.1
0.0
12.4
0.0
II.2
0.0
8.1
0.0
Il.0
0.0
9.0
0.0
7.9
0.0
16.9

11.3
2.1
Il.3
3.0
11.5
0.5
12.2
1.3
12.3
2.0
12.5
0.3
13.0
0.9
13.0
1.5
13.1
0.9

0.0
0.8
7.0
I.0
10.7
3.9
0.0
0.6
7.5
0.9
II.4
2.7
0.0
0.6
7.9
0.9
12.0
2.2

1.56

(Cornpression

Tension

(kN)

11.3
24.0
11.3
24. I
11.5
24.5
12.2
26.7
12.3
26.9
12.5
27.4
13.0
28.6
13.0
28.9
13.1
29.0

Base

I.81
1.73
1.56
1.64
1.63

I .42
1.54
1.78

---

m--..<.---

Fixed
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
NOTE increased

Wherever
allowable

design is governed
stresses.

38.8
25.8
3x.7
25.6
38.7
25.5
41.0
26.4
40.9
26.2
40.9
26.2
42.4
26.6
42.3
26.5
42.3
26.4
by D.!.

0.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
5.8
9.8
0.0
0.9
2.4
6. I
9.0
II.3
0.0
1.7
4.0
6.9
II.1
12.2
+ WL

60.5
61.2
60.1
60.7
59.9
60.6
69.1
69.7
68.7
69.3
68.8
69.5
74.8
75.5
74.6
75.3
74.4
75.1

combination,

Base

0.o
0.0
0.0
12.4
24.9
24.4
0.0
3.0
17.6
17.1
31.5
31.0
0.0
3.0
20.9
8.2
36.3
19.3

17.6
21.7
17.4
21.8
17.3
21.8
19.5
25.0
19.4
25.0
19.4
25.0
20.8
27:l
20.6
27. I
20.5
27.2

the corresponding

0.0
0.0
0.C

3.3
7.4
7.2
0.0
0.7
4.9
5.6
8.9
10.4
0.0
0.3
5.7
4. I
9.9
8.5
design

forces

44.9
30.0
44. I
30.9
43.8
31.3
48.1
39.5
47.5
40.0
47.5
39.9
49.7
46.0
49.2
46.6
48.9
47.0

0.0
5.2
0.0
I .8
-32.9
8.5
0.0
2.6
22. I
6.0
35. I
9.1
0.0
0.8
23.3
6.7
36.4
14.4

have been multiplied

17.6
2.5
17.4
2.5
17.3
2.4
19.5
I.4
19.4
1.4
19.4
1.4
20.8
0.6
20.6
0.6
20.5
0.6

0.0
0.4
0.0
I.1
Il.9
I.7
0.0
0.6
8.3
1.2
13.3
1.7
0.0
0.5
9.0
0.8
14.4
1.2

0.76
0.87
I .06
-0.66
0.61
0.85
-0.56
0.54
0.77

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

._

Fixed
l/3.0

100
150
200

l/4.0

100
150
200

I/S.0

100
I50
200

NOTE increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

41.0
20.3
41.4
20.7
41.8
21.1
43.0
19.7
43.1
19.7
43.5
20.3
45. I
19.3
44.4
19.2
45.4
19.6

0.0
7.8
5.0
15.6
12.6
23.6
0.0
8.4
8.6
16.1
17.3
24. I
0.4
8.7
10.8
16.3
19.8
24. I

63.4
64.6
65.3
66.5
67.0
68.3
69.7
70.9
70.0
71.2
72.9
14.2
74.3
75.5
73.9
15.2
75.9
77.2

by DL -I- WL combination,

Base

0.0
30.2
31.2
57.0
56.7
83. I
0.0
35.3
43.7
65.5
66.3.
96.0
23.6
38.9
48.0
71.3
72.4
104.0

I I.8
23.5
12.2
23.4
12.6
23.3
12.7
26.6
12.7
26.6
13.3
26.5
13.3
28.6
13.2
28.5
13.6
28.5

the corresponding

0.0
6.7
7.5
14.4
II.7
21.8
0.0
9.6
8. I
19.1
12.6
28.3
4.3
II.4
8.7
22. I
13.2
32.5
design

forces

42.6
43.8
61.5
40.8
89.9
37.6
44.2
53.5
59.5
53.3
56.9
48.8
45.2
59.6
59.8
59.8
46.3
57.4

0.0
13.0
60.6
lo.5
88.8
14.4
0.0
8.4
59.1
22.0
87.5
32.4
35.4
13.4
60.7
30.5
87. I
45.4

have been multiplied

I I.8
2.3
16.4
0.8
23.4
I.0
12.7
I.4
16.6
0.2
13.3
0.1
13.3
0.9
16.9
0.9
13.6
0.8

0.0
1.2
14.2
3.2
20.6
3.x
0.0
I.1
14.8
2.1
21.6
2.5
8.8
0.9
15.4
I.5
24.1
2.0

I .98
2.25
2.44
1.70
2.31
2.41
1.54
2.26
2.46

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 18.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

14

height = 9.0 m

MEMBER

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

PIIFS-

FRAMES

HAUNCH
*

Moment

under

Shear

BASE/CROWN
A

unde>

/Moment

SURE
GO?-

(kglm2)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

51.3
22.0
60.9
22.9
63.7
23.6
59. I
20.5
61.9
21.1
63.6
21.5
60.9
19.5
63.6
20. I
65.3
20.4

0.0
12.6
10.9
22.4
22.6
32.4
3.2
12.4
16.0
21.7
29.6
31.2
5.0
12.1
18.7
21.0
33.0
30. I

91.7
104.7
113.4
141.1
140.8
177.0
98.0
101.3
101.0
121.5
102.6
106.2
102.9
106.1
105.6
138.3
107.5
138.9

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

under

Shear

SWAY

under\

c
Ten-
sion

Ten-
sion

Gompression

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

10.2
33.6
1016
35. I
10.9
36.2
10.9
37.0
11.2
38.2
11.4
38.8
11.4
39.4
Il.7
40.5
11.9
41.3

0.0
15.6
9.3
29.0
13.5
42.5
5.4
19.5
9.8
35.0
14.2
51.0
5.7
21.5
10.2
38.9
14.R
56.0

Hinged
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

200

PORTAL

spacing = 6.0 m

COMPRE- TENSION
SSION

WIND

OF LATTICE

Cornpression
(kN.m)

Ten-
sion

Cornpression

Ten?
sion

fkN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
21.8
0.0
21.4
0.0
23.0
0.0
11.4
0.0
29.4
0.0
48.3
0.0
18.3
0.0
40.5
0.0
63.2

14.3
10.2
19.8
15.2
25.3
20. I
12.9
8.6
17.7
12.6
11.4
1.9
12.2
7.7
16.7
2.5
11.9
14.6

0.0
10.2
18.2
15.5
25.5
20.7
Il.4
8.7
18.7
13.3
29.2
17.9
11.7
8.0
21.2
12.3
29.4
16.7

2.71

Base

0.0
106.4
123.9
175.2
175.5
244.7
75.6
109.8
128.1
180.4
181.7
252.2
78. I
113.1
132.2
185.7
186.7
258.9

0.0
68.7
0.0
71.7
0.0
74.0
0.0
78.5
0.0
81.1
0.0
82.5
0.0
85.7
0.0
88. I

0.0
89.8

2.44
2.44
2.75
2.65
2.76
2.64
2.55
2.66

TABLE 15 ANALYSIS RESULTS OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES

Span = 18.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column height = 12.0 m

BASIC

MEMBER

C~MPRE-

WIND

Frame spacing=4.5
TENSION

SSION

PRES-

5
G

HAUNCH
h

Moment under

Shear under

SURE

h
_/

(kg/m*)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

sion
(kN.m)

\
\

Tension

fl

BASE/CROWN
h
A

Compression
(kN.m)

Tension

Compression
(kN)

(kN)

6.3
28. I
6.5
29.0
9.9
30.8
6.7
30.5
6.9
31.7
7.2
32.8
6.9
32.2
7.2
33.3
7.4
34.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

15.3
7.9
28.3
II.1
40.5
4.6
18.4
8.0
32.6
II.3
46.8
4.7
20.2
8.2
35.5
II.6
50.7

60.9
0.0
62.8
0.0
66.8
0:o
67.5
0.9
70.2
0.0
72.7
0.0
72.5
0.0
75.0
0.0
77.6

23.6
0.0
24. I
0.0
26.0
0.0
14.3
0.0
16.4
0.0
29.4
0.0
8.9
0.0
25.0
0.0
40.9

(kN.m)

5;

Ten?
sion

Compression
(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

14.8
13.1
21.0
19.4
27.4
25.7
13.8
I.9
20.8
2.0
7.2
23.0
13.4
Il.2
19.0
2.5
7.4
21.7

0.0

3:39

13.4
16.8
20.3
23.0
27.3
10.6
12.2
16.9
18.5
28.4
24.9
10.7
10.4
20.8
17.7
28.4
23.9

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100
I50
200

I/4.0

100
I50
250

l/5.0

IO
150
200

Column
Beam
Coluinn
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Columh
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

51.3
16.0
54.0
16.5
59.2
17.6
52.1
14.5
55.5
15.0
58.7
15.6
53.5
13.5
56.7
-It.0
59.8
14.5

0.0

10.9
8.6
19.4
17.1
27.4
0.8
10.4
II.6
17.9
22.5
25.4
2.1
9.9
13.6
16.9
25.1
23.9

108.3
136.2
126.9
189.4
190.8
244.5
99.4
106.8
124.1
173.9
85.9
221.6
95.9
120.I
130.8
174.4
89.0
212.2

0.0

127.9
148.4
206.5
205.0
283.1
91.1
129.4
149.4
207.6
207.6
285.9
92.8
131.5
152.0
211.0
211.1
290.5

..

Shear under

Moment under

SWAY

3.63
3.25
3.47
3.53
3.52
3.37
3.44
3.43

Fixed
lj3.0

loo
150

200
100

I /4.0

150
200
l/5.0

loo
I50
200

NOTEincreased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beast
Column
Beam

destgn is governed
stresses.

44.3
17.8
45.0
18.2
46.6
18.6
43.9
16.6
47.0
17.3
48.6
17.6
47.2
15.9
47.8
16.4
50. I
16.9

0.0
8.5
38
16.2
10.9
23.1
0.0
8.8
7.1
16.3
15.4
23.7
0.0
8.8
9.7
16.1
18.1
23.4

66.9
68.9
69.2
71.2
71.1
73.2
70.6
72.6
75.7
77.8
77. I
79.3
74.3
76.3
78.0
80.1
81.3
83.4

by DL + WL combinatton,

Base

0.0
43.7
51.7
76. I
75.0
107.5
0.0
49.7
58.2
84.9
85. I
120.9
0.0
53.2
63.8
92. I
91.8
129.9

9.2
24.4
9.6
24.3
9.9
24.4
9.4
27.4
10.2
27.2
10.5
27.2
9.8
29.3
10.3
29. I
10.8
29.3

tne corresponding

0.0
8.0

8.2
16.3
12.2
24.3
0.0
I I.1
8.7
20.9
12.9
30.8
0.0
13.0
9.1
24.2
13.4
34.9
design

forces

68.6
47.3
113.7
44.0
159.8
42.4
66.3
59. I
III.0
52.2
155.4
2;
65.1
109.3
59.9
48.5
57.2

0.0
15.4
101.0
13.0
142.7
14.4
0.0
8.6
100. I
19.9
140.8
31.5
0.0
13.5
99.2
29.1
153.5
42.7

have been multiplied

13.8
3.8
22.4
0.0
31.d
0. I
13.8
3.0
22.4
0.8
31.1
0.8
13.9
2.6
22.6
1.4
10.8
1.4

0.0

I.6
17.2
5.4
24. I
6.8
0.0
1.4
17.7
4.2
24.8
5.4
0.0
I.5
IS.1
3.8
31.3
48

3.07
3.44
3.22
3.19
3.19
3.44
3.06
3.46
3.25

by I 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 18.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column

16

height = 12.0 m

BASIC MEMBER

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

.$

HAUNCH

BASE/CROWN

Moment

PRES-

under

(kN)

(kN)

Cornpression
(kN.m)

unde?

Goment

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Beam
Column
Column
Column
Beam
Column

65.9
20.3
71.8
21.5
75.4
22.2
68.6
18.7
71.8
19.2
78.0
20.2
68.2
17.1
73.5
17.9
76. I
18.3

0.0
15.4
II.6
26.2
25.5
37.4
I.8
14.2
17.2
24.4
30.2
34.2
5.2
13.8
19.6
23.0
36.2
32.6

140.2
178.4
171.4
106.3
104.0
109.8
102.2
144.2
177.7
228.1
110.5
116.3
104.4
146.2
109.2
234.9
III.5
117.3

under

..
Shear

*
Ten-
sion

Gompression

Ten-
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

7.9
35.9
8.4
38.0
8.7
39.3
8.5
39.6
8.9
40.7
9.2
42.9
8.1
41.1
9.1
43.0
9.3
44.0

Hinged

SWAY

Shear

SURE

(kg/m*)

FRAMES

spacing = 6.0 m

COMPRE- TENSION
SSION

WIND

PORTAL

unoer)

z
z

*
Ten-
sion

Cornpression

Ten)
sion

(kN)

Cornpression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
21.7
10.7
38.2
15.2
55.4
6.4
25.3
10.9
44.6
15.3
63.0
6.7
28.4
II.2
48.4
15.9
69. I

0.0
78. I
0.0
82.7
0.0
85.5
0.0
88.3
0.0
90.6
0.0
95.6
0.0
92.9
0.0
97.3
0.0
99.4

0.0
28.9
0.0
31.0
0.0
31.6
0.0
17.3
0.0
24.9
0.0
41.2
0.0
15.5
0.0
36.2
0.0
58.7

19.4
17.4
28.2
1.9
8.7
I.9
17.8
2.6
25.9
23.2
9.2
2.8
17.9
3.1
9. I
3.2
9.3
3.3

0.0
17.9
22.6
27. I
38.5
36.4
14.3
16.2
22.9
24.8
38.1
33.3
14.7
15.5
28.0
23.7
38.3
32.0

3.45

Base

0.0
173.5

,200.o
276.3
277.9
380.9
124.3
174. I
202.9
279.4
279. I
382.3
128.2
178.8
206. I
283.6
285.9
390.5

3.21
3.32
3.20
3.46
3.10
3.69
3.37
3.59

Fixed
100

l/3.0

I50
2N
114.0

100
I50
200

l/5.0

100
I50
2BO

NOTE increased

Ikherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

51.0
22.6
58.4
23. I
59.8
23.5
59.6
21.4
60.9
22.3
63.5
22.5
61.4
20.5
62. I
21.2
64.9
21.4

0.0
12.2
6.4
22.3
16.5
32.4
0.0
12.4
10.7
22.4
21.6
32. I
I.1
12.4
14.0
22.2
25.9
31.5

84.7
88.2
87.2
90.8
89.7
93.5
91.5
94.9
97.5
101.1
98.4
102.2
96.6
100.0
101.4
105. I
101.9
105.7

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
60.8
72.9
104.9
104.1
146.9
0.0
68.2
80. I
114.8
116.7
163.7
49.2
73. I
87.5
124.6
126.3
176.5

II.6
31.2
12.0
31.2
:2.4
31.3
12.2
35.1
13.2
34.8
13.3
35.3
12.8
j;.5
13.5
37.3
13.5
38.0

the corresponding

0.0
II.7
II.4
22.8
16.6
33.5
0.0
15.7
12.1
288
17.4
42.0
6.9
18.3
12.7
33.1
18.0
47.8
design

forces

93.6
60.6
152.6
57.9
214.5
55. I
91.0
73.6
151.6
65.3
208.0
66.4
90.8
81.2
149.5
74.4
59.9
17.5

0.0
18.5
135.2
15.9
190.9
21.6
0.0
12.9
136.7
28.0
187.9
44.4
81.7
20.0
135.8
39.8
203. I
61.5

have been multiplied

18.8
0.2
30.3
0.1
41.8
0.0
18.8
4.0
30.4
1.0
41.8
I.1
19.0
3.4
30.6
I.8
13.5
1.9

0.0
5.1
23.3
7.3
32.5
9.2
0.0
I.8
24.0
5.4
33.3
7.3
14.9
2.0
24.6
4.9
42.0
6.9

3.51
3.52
3.56
3.38
3.41
3.24
3.27
3.60
3.36

by I / 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 24.0 m
ROOF

SLOPE

Column
BASIC

17

height = 9.0 m

MEMBER

IQIND

COMPRE-

ANAI.\st:r
Frame

dESULTS

TI NSIOH

Gi

BASE/CROWN

Moment

under

(kN)

(kN)

Gompression
(kN.m)

Shear under

Moment

Beam

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

Column
Beam

Beam

56.3
26.6
58.5
27.3
61.7
28.4
51.3
25.0
59.5
25.6
61.6
26.3
58.3
24.0
60.3
24.6
62.4
25.2

0.0
9.1
7.7
19.4
11.4
28.8
1.4
10.6
13.0
20.0
24.1
29.4
3.8
10.9
16.4
20. I
29.0
29.3

129.2
131.1
132.6
134.5
137.9
140.0
136.5
138.4
140.0
142.0
143.6
145.6
142.5
144.3
145.5
147-4
149.0
151.0

under

..

Shear under>

5;
g

h
Ten)
sion

(Corn-~Z
pression

sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

Hinged
Column
Beam
Column

SWAY

(kg/m*)

Ki

FRAMES

HAUNCH

SURE

l/5.0

PORTAL

spacing = 4.5 m

SSION

PRES-

OF LATTICE

Compression
(kN.m)

Ten-
sion
(kN.m)

Gompression

Ten?
sion

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

Base

0.0
84.5
100.6
151.0
148.3
215.9
58.0
92.1
109.3
161.8
160.5
230.9
62.1
98.1
116.4
171.0
169.6
242.8

14.4
34.3
14.1
35.2
15.3
36.7
15.2
37.3
15.b

38 3
16.0
39.3
15.8
39.5
16.2
40.4
16.6
41.4

0.0
10.2
1.8
21.1
12.0
32.8
4.2
14.5
8.8
28.0
13.4
41.4
4.1
11.2
9.6
32.0
14.4
46.8

0.0
84.5
0.0
86.9
0.0
90.6
0.0
91.8
0.0
100.5
0.0
103.2
0.0
101.5
0.0

110.0
0.0
112.8

0.0
21.0
0.0
24.8
0.0
25.8
0.0
13.8
0.0
35.3
0.0
58.0
0.0
22.0
0.0
50. I
0.0
18.1

14.4
6. I
14.7
0.2
21.0
0.2
15.2
0.9
15.6
0.9
16.0
0.9
15.8
3.7
16.2
1.1
16.6
1.7

0.0
2.1
14.5
8.8
20.9
11.7
8.7
4.4
15.5
6.1
22.3
9.0
9.2
2.6
16.3
5.8
23.3
1.8

2.51
2.63
2.41
2.56
2.58
2.61
2.68
2.17
2.13

Fixed
100

V3.0

Column
Beam

150
200
I 4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
I50
200

NOTE-

increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

53.3
32.8
53.2
32.7
52.5
32.7
55.8
32.7
55.7
32.6
54.5
32.2
58. I
32.7
57.8
32.5
56.2
31.9

0.0
9.9
6.8
21.2
17.7
32.5
0.0
Il.7
I I.5
23.3
24.2
34.7
I.1
12.4
14.0
24.3
28.0
35.9

112.5
113.8
112.5
113.8
112.6
114.0
125.6
126.9
125.5
126.9
123.8
125.2
135.6
136.9
135.1
136.5
132.4
133.8

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
36.8
47.9
77.4
78.3
Ill.9
0.0
48. I
60.7
94.8
95.9
141.4
30.3
22.3
69.0
57.5
107.4
90.9

21.6
29.9
21.6
29.9
21.6
29.9
23.5
33.9
23.4
33.9
23.0
33.9
24.8
36.9
24.7
36.8
24. I
36.6

the corresponding

0.0
7.3
9.7
16.9
15.7
26.3
0.0
Il.3
II.5
23. I
Il.9
35.0
5.5
8.4
12.6
19.1
19.5
29.9
design

forces

82.2
57.5
81.8
57.8
89.3
57.6
85.5
74.9
85.2
74.8
83.2
76.8
87.7
87.8
87. I
87.4
84.5
89.4

0.0
17.0
69.6
14.2
103.4
21.8
0.0
12.0
72.6
31.5
105.8
52.9
39.7
19.9
74.6
45.3
108.3
73.2

have been multiplied

21.6
2.8
21.6
2.7
23.4
2.7
23.5
1.3
23.4
1.3
23.0
I.2
24.8
0.2
24.7
0.2
24. I
0.1

0.0
I.6
16.4
2.9
24.7
4.3
0.0
1.6
18.2
2.7
26.9
3.6
10.0
I.5
19.3
2.3
28.4
3.1

1.54
I .98
2.62
I.10
1.63
2.49
0.88
1.39
2.31

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 24.0 m
ROOF

SLOPE

Column
BASIC

MEMBER

WIND

18 ANALYSlS

height = 9.0 m
COMPRE-

Frame

spacing

HAUNCH

Moment

under

Shear

SURE

(kg/m*)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

Beam
Column
Beati
Column
Beam

Beam
Column
Beam
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

72. I
33.7
76.4
35.1
79.6
36.2
73.9
31.9
77.1
32.8
79.2
33.4
76.3
31.0
78.4
31.6
81.6
32.5

0.0
14.1
11.5
26.7
25.2
39.5
3.7
15.1
19.0
27.5
35.2
40.2
6.1
15.2
23.3
27.6
39.8
39.7

163.3
166.7
170.1
173.6
175.3
179.0
173.7
177.1
178.7
182.2
182.1
185.8
183.2
186.6
186.3
189.9
191.6
195.2

Moment

Shear

under

.4

under

\
Tension

Compression

Tension

Compression

Ten?
sion

sion

Compression

(kN.m)

(kN,

(kN)

(kN.m)

(kN.m)

tkN)

tkN)

(cm)

18.1
43.8
18.9
45.6
19.5
47. I
19.3
47.9
19.9
49.4
20.2
50.3
20.4
51.3
20.7
52.3
21.3
53.8

0.0
15.1
10.9
30.0
16.6
45.1
6.2
20.7
12.3
38.6
18.5
56.8
6.8
23.9
13.3
43.9
19.6
63.5

0.0
108.8
0.0
113.6
0.0
117.3
0.0
126.6
0.0
130.5
0.0
133.2
0.0
140.6
0.0
143.3
0.0
147.6

0.0
32.5
0.0
30.7
0.0
38.7
0.0
20.9
0.0
51.2
0.0
82.6
0.0
32.6
0.0
71.0
0.0
108.4

18.1
0.2
18.9
12.3
22.4
16.5
19.3
1.2
20.6
1.2
20.2
I.2
20.4
2.2
20.7
2.2
21.3
2.3

0.0
7.8
19.8
II.7
28.5
15.5
12.2
5.8
21.2
8.9
30.4
12.0
12.7
4.9
22.2
7.7
31.5
10.5

2.73

Hinged
Column

under
h

%z-zTen-\

SWAK

BASE/CROWN

PRES-

FRAMES

= 6.0 m

TENSION

SSION

OF LATTICE PORTAL

RESULTS

Base

0.0
118.1
138.3
204.7
203.2
292.3
82.8
128.2
150.7
219.9
219.8
312.7
87.8
135.0
159.7
231.6
230. I
326.6

2.41
2.41
2.63
2.54
2.66
2.46
2.66
2.52

Fixed
I/3.0

100
I50
200

114.0

100
I50
200

I/5.0

100
150
200

NOTEincreased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

68.8
41.8
68.8
41.8
68.2
41.7
72.6
41.9
72.2
41.7
72.7
41.3
75.2
41.7
72.9
41.4
73.6
41.2
by DL+

0.0
14.4
10.7
29.4
25.0
44.3
0.8
16.5
16.8
31.9
32.3
46.6
3.1
17.6
21.8
33.8
38.3
48.8

143.6
145.9
143.7
146.1
143.6
146. I
161.2
163.5
160.6
163.0
159.0
161.5
173.3
175.6
172.5
174.9
171.5
174.0

WL combination,

Base

0.0
53.1
68.2
107.0
108.8
161.0
38.3
67.6
85.3
130. I
130.4
190.1
45.1
33.6
98. I
83.0
147.5
125.7

27.5
38.5
27.5
38.5
27.4
38.5
30.0
43.9
29.8
43.8
29.4
4413
31.6
47.7
31.4
47.0
31.1
47.4

the corresponding

0.0
10.9
13.7
23.6
21.6
36.3
7.2
16.1
16.0
31.9
24. I
47.6
8.2
12.4
17.9
27. I
26.7
40.9
design

forces

103.8
75.6
103.5
75.5
121.6
76.0
108.6
98.4
107.8
98.1
105.3
103.7
110.9
115.1
I 10.4
110.9
108.7
115.1

0.0
20.8
95.2
17.1
139.4
32.7
53.4
18.8
98.7
45.5
140.6
75.5
55.5
30.2
103. I
64.0
146.6
100.0

have been multiplied

27.5
3.4
27.5

0.0
2.2
22.6

3.4
32.0
3.4
30.0
1.6
29.8

4.0
33.5
5.7
13.2
2.2
24.9

1.6
29.4
1.4
31.6
0.2
31.4

3.5
36. I
4.6
l4,2
2.0
26.8

0.3
31.1
0.2

3.0
38.6
4.0

1.50
I .98
2.61
1.04
1.60
2.01
0.89
1.82
2. I4

by I! I.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 24.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

19

Column height = 12.0 m

BAW

ME~~BER

WIND

ANALYSIS

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

COMPRE- TENSION

FRAMES

Moment

PRES-

SURE

(kN)

(kN)

/cornpression
(kN.m)

SWAY

BASE/CROWN

HAUNCH

SSION

(kg/m2)

PORTAL

Frame spacing = 4.5 m

under

Shear unde?

Moment

under

Shear under

*
Corn-

Ten?
sion

Ten-
sion

fCompressidn

Ten-

Corn-

Ten-

sion

sion

Pression

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

11.4
36.9
11.7
38.0
12.1
39.3
11.9
39.7
12.3
41.2
12.8
42.7
12.3
41.7
12.9
43.7
13.3
45.2

0.0
13.2
8.5
26.7
12.8
40.1
0.0
17.4
9.0
32.7
13.3
48.0
5.1
20.2
9.5
36.4
13.9
53.0

0.0
99.3
0.0
102.5
0.0
105.9
0.0
I1 1.2
0.0
115.3
0.0
119.7
0.0
119.7
0.0
125.4
0.0
129.9

0.0
35.5
0.0
34.5
0.0
33.7
0.0
20.3
0.0
32.0
0.0
54.9
0.0
18.9
0.0
46.0
0.0
74.2

12.1
10.3
20.2
0.9
26.0
20.2
13.6
8.7
18.4
1.9
28.3
2.0
12.8
7.8
20.4
2.6
21.9
2.7

0.0
10.2
17.5
15.4
24.7
20.7
0.0
8.6
18.0
13.2
25.2
17.8
11.1
6.6
18.4
12.2
28.5
16.5

3.32

Hinged Base
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

63.4
24.3
66.5
25.1
69.5
25.9
64.2
22.2
67.9
23.0
71.5
23.8
64.8
20.9
69.6
21.9
73.3
22.6

0.0
10.9
6.7
20.9
18.2
30.8
0.0
11.2
11.5
20.4
23.7
29.6
2.0
11.2
14.1
19.8
27. I
28.6

136.6
148.6
140.8
173.9
197.4
244.5
142.9
145.9
148.0
173.8
172.1
156.7
147.7
150.7
154.6
176.2
160.1
251.0

0.0
133.0
156.0
225.1
224.6
318.2
0.0
139.3
162.1
233.1
231.4
326.7
97.4
145.2
167.2
239.9
238.2
335.9

3.53
3.63
3.29
3.32
3.32
3.51
3.20
3.20

7,

Fixed
100

113.0

150

200
l/4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
150
200

NOTEincreased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

design is governed
stresses.

56.0
27.1
55.4
27.9
57.0
28.6
58.4
26.8
57.5
26.8
59.5
27.2
59.2
26.0
59.2
26. I
61.4
26.3

0.0
lb.2
6.4
20.7
15.9
31.1
0.0
Il.3
11.4
21.7
22. I
31.9
1.2
11.8
14.3
22.0
25.7
31.9

116.2
118.3

I is.0
120.2
121.3
123.5
127.8
129.9
127.8
130.0
129.8
132.1
134.8
136.9
135.3
137.5
136.4
138.6

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
51.9
64.8
99.9
99.0
146.0
0.0
62.4
77.5
116.6
117.1
169.8
42.2
69.7
85.7
127.7
127.6
183.9

16.2
31.6
16.6
31.4
17.1
31.6
17.5
35.2
17.5
35.2
17.7
35.6
18.1
37.8
18.2
37.8
18.3
38.4

the corresponding

0.0
8.6
9.9
18.9
15.4
28.7
0.0
12.7

11.0
25.3
16.6
37.6
5.9
15.3
11.8
29.3
17.5
43.0
design

forces

78.8
74.7

110.0
70.8
159.1
67.8
82.0
88.6
82.4
88.8
153.1
88.8
82.6
100.5
108.2
100.1
93. I
102.9

0.0
22.6
108.2
18.4
156.9
24.9
0.0
14.0
108.4
36.8
153.9
58.2
64.2
23.2

110.1
51.5
154.1
79.9

have been multiplied

16.2
3.0
21.8
1.2
31.1
1.3
17.5
1.7
17.5
0. I
31.5
0. I
18.1
I.1
22.1
1.0
18.3
1.1

0.0
1.5
18.9
4.1
27.3
5.1
0.0
1.4
20.0
2.5
28.5
3.4
11.8
I.1
20.8
1.9
32.0
2.6

2.95
3.46
3.30
2.37
3.36
3.41
2.24
3.20
3.17

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 24.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

20

hCight = 12.0 m

MEMBER

ANALYSIS

OF LATTICE

COMPRE- TENSION

BA~E/CROWN

Moment under

\
Shear under
h

%Gi-hzTen

(kN)

WV

pression
(kN.m)

sion

Compression

(kN.m)

(kN)

14.4
47. I
14.8
48.5
15.7
51.4
15.0
50.5
15.7
53.1
16.1
54.4
15.7
53>8
16.4
56.4
16.8
57.7

Hinged
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Beam
Column

81.3
30.8
85.0
31.7
92.2
33.6
81.7
28. I
88.0
29.5
90.9
30.2
84. I
26.8
90.3
28.1
93.2
28.7

0.0
15.6
11.7
29.0
24.6
41.6
,::A
17.3
28.0
34.9
40.6
4.4
15.7
20.7
27.2
39.4
39.1

FRAMES

HAUNCH

SilRE

(kg/m*)

PORTAL

spacing = 6.0 m

Frame

SSION

WIND
PaFs-

RESULTS

172.3
192.4
206.8
255.8
259.4
323.5
179.6
185.0
188.7
221.8
192.9
273.9
188.2
193.7
197.4
239.5
205.5
207.5

\
Tension

/
/

h
.Moment under
*

COm-

Ten-

SWAY

\
Shear under
/

Com-

Ten-
sion

sion

pression

YkN)

pression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
19.1
12.0
37.3
17.3
54.3
6.9
25. I
12.5
45.0
18.4
65.9
7.3
28.3
13.1
50.0
19.1
72.7

0.0
127.7
0.0
131.6
0.0
139.6
0.0
142.4
0.0
149.8
0.0
153.4
0.0
155.2
0.0
163.0
0.0
166.6

0.0
43.3
0.0
41.6
0.0
42.9
0.0
21.8
0.0
47.2
0.0
79.7
0.0
29.7
0.0
66.3
0.0
105.9

19.6
13.7
26.8
20.3
34.4
26.9
17.4
11.5
24.1
16.8
16.1
22.2
17.0
3.2
27.7
3.4
28.6
3.5

0.0
13.6
23.9
20.6
33.2
27.5
14.9
11.5
24.4
17.6
38.3
23.8
15.3
10.6
25.0
16.3
38.6
22.1

3.37

Base

0.0
182.8
215.0
306.7
302.9
426.3
131.0
192.0
221.7
315.0
315.9
441.5
135.4
198.0
228.5
324. I
325.0
453.7

3.58
3.19
3.59
3.25

3.48
3.43
j.13
3.35

Fixed
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
NOTE-Wherever
increased allowable

design is governed
stresses.

70.8
35.0
72.2
35.7
74.4
36.4
73.9
33.8
75.7
34.3
77.8
35.d
76.4
33.3
78.5
33.6
79.9
33.5

0.0
14.8
9.9
28.5
22.4
42.4
1.0
16.1
15.9
29.8
30.6
43.4
3.4
16.7
19.3
30. I
35.9
42.8

146.6
150.4
150.5
154.4
153.9
158.0
160.4
164.2
163.3
167.2
167.0
171.1
172.4
176.1
174.2
178.1
172.5
176.6

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
74.2
91.2
137.2
137.6
199.5
54.9
88.2
108.2
159.5
160.6
230.0
61.6
97.5
118.3
173.4
173.6
247.2

20.4
40.3
21.1
40.5
21.6
40.6
21.8
45.3
22.2
45.4
22.8
46.0
23.1
48.6
23.3
49.0
23.0
49.9

the corresponding

0.0
12.8
13.8
26.3
21.0
39.6
7.8
18.4
15.3
35.0
2.7
51.2
8.5
21.8
16.3
40.2
23.6
58.6
design

forces

98.8
96.7
149. I
93.1
214.4
89.2
101.6
117.7
106.6
115.3
132.3
114.5
105.0
129.5
146.8
130.5
121.0
138.1

0.0
27.2
146.0
22.4
210.3
37.4
86. I
23.2
146.8
52.9
207.6
80.8
88.5
34.8
148.6
72. I
204.7
113.9

have been multiplied

20.4
4.0
29.6
1.4
42. I
1.6
21.8
2.6
22.2
0.3
22.8
0.2
23.1
1.4
30.8
1.4
23.0
1.5

0.0
2.1
25.7
5.5
36.9
6.8
15.7
2.3
27.2
3.5
38.6
4.5
16.5
I.5
28.2
2.5
43.1
3.7

3.42
3.45
3.50
2.92
3.28
3.04
2.61
2.94
3.13

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Span = 30.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

height = 9.0 m

MEMBER

WIND

21

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

PORTAL

FRAMES

spacing = 4.5 m

COMPRE- TENSION
Moment

SURE

Shear

under

unde?

/Moment

(kg/m*)

(kN)

(kN)

under

Shear

A
Cornpression
(kN.m)

Ten-

SWAY

BASE/CROWN

HAUNCH
A

SSIOlv

PRES-

OF LATTICE

Corn-

under>
.

Ten3

/corn-

Ten-

siorr

pression

sion

sion

Cornpression

Ten)
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
35.7
0.0
32.2
0.0
36.6
0.0
19.3
0.0
so.7
0.0
83.7
0.0
31.9
0.0
74.7
0.0
115.8

21.9
4.9
22.5
1.6
23.3
1.6
23.6
3.0
24.2
0.0
24.8
0.0
25.0
1.0
25.0
1.1
25.6
1.2

0.0
1.6
16.0
7.0
23.8
9.2
9.1
1.6
17.5
4.5
26.0
6.0
10.2
2.1
19.0
3.4
27.9,
4.6

2.67

Hinged

Base
s

113.0

100
150
200

114.0

100
150
200

l/S.0

100
150
200

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

61.4
36.9
69.9
37.9
73.4
39.3
69.4
35.8
12.0
36.8
i4.3
37.6
71.2
35.1
72.3
35.4
74.1
36.3

0.0
11.2
9.2
23.5
20.6
35.5
1.6
12.7
15.3
24.9
29.3
31.3
4.2
13.9
20. I
26. I
35.0
38.3

197.2
199.1
202.4
204.5
210.1
212.2
212.8
214.7
218.2
220.3
223.2
225.3
224.8
226.1
22s. I
227.2
230.7
232.8

0.0
94.6
113.9
178.3
173.8
260.2
61.6
107.0
127.4
196.1
193.7
285.6
71.7
120.2
141.2
213.4
210.5,
307.2

21.9
41.4
22.5
42.6
23.3
44.2
23.6
45.9
24.2
47.1
24.8
48.2
25.0
48.1
25.0
49.3
25.6
SO.6

0.0
10.6
9.3
23.5
14.8
36.0
4.6
15.5
10.8
30.8
17.0
46.3
5.7
19.1
,12.3
36.3
18.9
53.4

0.0
116.0
0.0
119.4
0.0
124.2
0.0
140.2
0.0
144. I

0.0
147.7
0.0
149.2
0.0
158.8
0.0
163.0

2.66
2.51
2.52
2.52
2.58
2.31
2.66
2.65

Fixed
l/3.0

100
150
200

114.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
150
200

NOTE increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

65.4
46.9
65.0
46.7
63.0
45.8
69.7
48.7
69.3
48.5
69.2
48.3
72.1
49. I
71.7
48.8
72.0
49. I

0.0
12.2
8.8
27.6
23. I
43.2
0.0
14.6
13.8
30.8
28.4
46.8
1.3
16.6
17.3
33.5
32.7
50.5

169.0
170.4
168.4
169.8
165.5
167.0
194.9
196.2
194.3
195.8
193.9
195.3
210.8
212.1
210.0
211.5
211.7
213.2

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
45. I
60.6
101.6
io4.5
159.5
0.0
60.7
78.8
127.6
128.5
193.8
37.1
40.4
92.9
98.5
148.6
157.6

33.2
35.9
33.0
35.7
32.3
35.4
37.1
41.8
36.9
41.7
36.7
41.7
39.2
45.5
39.0
45.3
39.3
45.3

the corresponding

0.0
8. I
12.3
19.3
20.9
30.9
0.0
12.5
14.8
26.5
24. I
40.4
6.7
10.2
16.9
23.5
27. I
36.5
design

forces

129.7
70.9
128.8
70.8
125.3
71.8
138.9
101.1
137.9
100.7
136.7
101.9
142. I
122.0
140.8
121.5
142.1
119.2

0.0
2.8
80.5
17.9
124.2
25.0
0.0
13.6
84.9
39.4
129.1
65.9
42.9
26.0
89.2
60.9
135.8
93.3

have

been multiplied

33.2

0.0

5.3
33.0
5.3
32.3
5.2
37. I
3.3
36.9
3.3
36.7
3.3
39.2
1.8
39.0
I.8
39.3
1.8

2.8
19.0
5.2
29.9
7.6
0.0
2.9
21.5
4.9
33.1
6.9
II.1
1.6
23.6
2.6
36. I
3.7

1.29
I .45
2.67
- 1.03
I.11
I.55
0.82
0.93
I.18

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE
Column

Span = 30.0 m
ROOF SLOPE

BASIC

2i

height = 9.0 m

MEMBER

WIND

ANALYSIS

RESULTS

Frame

spacing = 6.0 m

COMPRE- TENSION
SSION

Moment

under

(kg/ mr)

(kN)

(kN)

press-

sion

ion
(kN.m)

(kN.m)
Hinged

100

Column
Beam
Column
150
Beam
Column
200
Beam
100 . Column
Beam
Column
I50
200

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

150
200

Beam
Column
Beam

87.4
47.4
91.2
48.9
94.7
50.3
89.6
45.8
92.0
46.7
95.6
48.1
92. I
45.4
94.2
45.6
97.7
46.8

0.0
16.2
13.8
32.5
29.9
48.8
4.3
18.2
23.4
34.8
41.6
51.0
7.7
19.8
28.4
35.7
48.2
51.9

252.4
255.9
260.3
263.9
267.8
271.5
271.4
274.8
276.4
280. I
284.6
288.4
290.7
294.2
289.8
293.4
297.3
301.1

Compression
IkN)

28.0
53.4
28.9
55.2
29.8
56.8
30.2
59.0
30.7
60.2
31.6
62.0
32.3
62.0
32.2
64.0
33.0
65.7

FRAMES

Moment
\

SWAY

BASE/CROWN
h

under
A

zL?-YzTen-\

114.0

Shear

SURE

l/3.0

PORTAL

HAUNCH
.&

PRES-

OF LATTICE

Shear

under
\

under

Tension

Compression

Ten-
sion

(kN)

Compression
(kN.m)

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

0.0
15.5
13.1
32.5
20.7
49.7
7.0
22.3
15.5
43.2
23.6
63.6
8.5
27.1
17.1
49.8
25.9
72.6

0.0
151.1
0.0
156.3
0.0
161.2
0.0
181.7
0.0
185.7
0.0
191.6
0.0
190.1
0.0
207.7
0.0
213.5

0.0
44.1
0.0
39.7
0.0
54.8
0.0
29.7
0.0
74.9
0.0
118.7
0.0
47.0
0.0
105.2
0.0
160.6

Tension

(cm)

Base

0.0
132.3
157.9
242.9
239.7
353.8
90.2
149.9
179.5
270.0
266.2
387.7
103.6
167.8
194.4
289.7
286.3
414.0

28.0
6.4
28.9
2.0
29.8
2.1
30.2
0.1
30.7
0.1
3 I :6
0.1
32.3
1.3
32.2
1.5
33.0
1.5

0.0
2.2
22.0
9.3
32.6
12.2
13.0
4.0
24.4
6.0
35.5
8.0
14.5
2.9
26. I
4.5
37.8
6.2

2.53
2.43
2.46
2.57
2.75
2.63
2.38
2.56
2.44

Fixed
I/3.0

00
150
200
100

l/4.0

IS0
200
100

I/5.0

150
200

NOTE increased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

84.4
59.9
84.2
59.8
81.6
58.5
90.2
62.2
89.9
62. I
86.7
61.0
94.2
62.9
89. I
60.6
90.1
61.1

0.0
17.9
13.6
38.2
32.7
58.9
0.7
20.9
20.3
42.3
42. I
64.7
3.3
23.2
27.9
46.6
48.0
68.2

216.i
218.5
216.0
218.5
211.6
214.3
249.8
252.2
249.5
252. I
245.4
248.0
270.9
273.3
261.6
264.2
263.9
266.6

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
66.1
86.7
140.9
145.4
218.2
44.7
87. I
III.2
175.6
181.3
267.9
55. I
58.3
134.1
139.3
205.7
213.6

42.2
46.2
42. I
46.2
41.1
45.7
47.3
54.0
47. I
54.0
46.3
52.9
50. I
59.2
48.2
57.5
48.5
57.9

the corresponding

0.0
12.1
17.4
27.0
28.8
42.6
8.3
18.0
20.8
36.7
33.9
56. I
9.8
14.9
24.2
33.7
37. I
51.0
design

forces

163.7
93.8
162.9
93.8
157.8
95.6
175.7
132.9
174.6
132.9
171.3
129.3
179.7
162.9
172.1
160.1
172.9
160.9

0.0
0.5
110.4
21.7
167.7
38.7
56.9
22.3
116.0
57.5
177.6
93.6
60.3
39.4
123.7
91.8
182.0
138.8

have been multiplied

42.2
6.7
42. I
6.7
41.1
6.5
47.3
4.2
47. I
4.2
46.3
4. I
50. I
2.1
48.2
2.0
48.5
2.0

0.0
3.8
26.4
7.0
40.8
IO.1
14.3
3.9
29.7
6.5
45.8
9.3
15.8
2.1
33. I
3.5
49.0
4.9

I.19
1.44
2.65
0.93
1.09
2. I I
0.70
I .42
1.60

by I/ 1.33 to account

for

TABLE 23 ANALYSIS RESULTS OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES

Span =

30.0m

ROOF SLOPE

Column
BASIC

height = 12.0 m

MEMIIEW

WIND

Frame

spacing

= 4.5 m

CoMprt~- TENSION
SSION

HAUNCH
A

PaEs-

Moment

under

Shear

SUdE

(kg/m2)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

Com-

I50

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

200

Column
Beam

l/4&

100
150
200

I
115.0

100
150
200

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Cloumn
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

74.9
33.4
78.3
34.5
81.8
35.6
75.4
31.1
81.0
32.8
84.9
33.9
77.1
29.8
79.8
30.5
83.2
31.4

0.0
11.7
6.9
23.7
19.7
35.6
0.0
12.7
12.3
23.8
26.3
35.2
2.3
13.1
18.2
24.5
33.6
35.7

210.5
213.6
217.2
220.5
224.2
245.8
221.5
224.6
233.1
236.4
240.8
244.2
230.6
233.7
235.8
239.1
242.8
246.3

Moment
\

sion

pressIon

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

17.5
44.7
18.1
46.2
18.7
47.7
18.5
48.4
19.4
51.0
20.1
52.7
19.2
51.2
19.7
52.4
20.2
54.0

0.0
12.6
9.5
27.2
14.8
41.8
0.0
17.9
10.3
34.2
15.8
51.2
5.6
21.2
11.5
40.2
17.3
58.9

Hinged
100

Tension

SWAY

BASE/CROWN
h

under
*

%zFxzTen-\

l/3.0

Compression
(kN.m)

Shear

under
/

under

Tension

Compression

Ten?
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

0.0
47.4
0.0
44.9
0.0
42.5
0.0
26.4
0.0
48.3
0.0
83.0
0.0
30.3
0.0
74.4
0.0
117.6

17.5
8.3
19.8
12.9
24.3
17.7
18.5
6.4
19.4
1.5
20.3
1.5
19.2
5.5
19.7
2.4
20.2
2.5

0.0
4.3
18.4
12.4
26.7
16.6
0.0
4.0
19.2
9.7
27.7
13.2
11.6
4. i
20.5
8.6
29.3
11.7

Base

0.0
141.4
167.4
251.8
248.7
361.8
0.0
153.7
176.9
264.4
260.9
378. I
103.2
162.9
192.1
282.6
279.5
400.9

0.0
140.3
0.0
145.0
0.0
149.9
0.0
160.7
0.0
169.4
0.0
175.2
0.0
175.8
0.0
1810.0
0.0
185.6

3.35
3.51
3.59
3.56
3.!9
3.21
3.34
3.63
3.64

Fixed Base
113.0

loo
I50
200

114.0

100
I50
200

I/S.0

I OU
I50
200

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

61.9
39.6
61.9
39.6
61.3
39.5
69.2
38.8
71.6
39.6
70.0
38.8
74.2
39.2
73.7
38.9
73.6
39.0

0.0
12.3
7.8
26.0
21.3
39.5
0.1
14.2
13.1
28.0
29.3
41.6
0.4
14.9
16.8
29.2
32.7
43.3

178.6
i80.9
178.6
180.9
178.2
180.7
195.9
198. I
200.7
203.0
196. I
198.5
214.1
216.3
213.1
215.4
213.4
215.8

0.0
60.9
79.0
126.7
12x. I
192.2
42.9
7x.7
97. I
151.7
153.4
226.2
49. I
30.2
I I I.2
x3.9
172.2
136.6

25.6
38.0
25.5
38.1
25.4
3x.4
27.2
43.0
27.9
43.5
27. I
43.6
29.2
46.9
29.0
46.7
29.0
46.7

0.0
9.3
12.0
21.4
19.1
33.5
6. I
14.4
13.7
2X.9
21.4
44. I
6.8
IO. I
15.2
23.5
23.6
33.6

128.2
96.0
127.5
96.9
155.9
99.9
130.2
126.1
133.9
124.2
128.9
130.5
136.4
143.2
135.2
142.5
135.0
142.6

0.0

2x.5
I IX.4
24. I
172.4
38.3
65.H
20.1
121.4
50.0
174.7
87.2
67.7
31.4
125.4
72.6
182.1
113.1

25.6
3.0
25.5
2.9
30.9
2.9
21.2
I.3
27.9
I.2
27. I
I .o
29.2
0. I
29.0
0.1
29.0
0. I

NOTE - Wherever design is governed by DL + WL combination. the corresponding design forces have been multiplied by
increased allowable stresses.

0.0
I.7
20.9
3.2
31.0
4.4
12.0
1.7
22.1
2.8
33.3
3.6
12.7
2.I
24.2
3.0
35.5
4.0

2. IX
2.78
3.56
2.22
2.34
3.64
1.30
2.04
2.72

I I.33 to account for

TABLE
Span = 30.0 m
ROOF

SLOPE

Column
BASIC

24

height = 12.0 m

MEMBER

WIND

COMPRE-

ANALYSIS
Frame

RESULTS

Moment

under

Shear

unde?

Moment

(kN)

(kN)

/cornpression
(kN.m)

Beam

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Column
Beam
Cloumn
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

96.0
42.5
100.3
43.9
108.3
46.4
91.9
40.0
10417
41.9
108.6
42.9
98.6
31.9
103.5
39.2

I1O.C
40.9

0.0
17.0
12.3
3310
26.9
48.2
1.4
18.6
18.9
32.9
39.0
48.4
6.2
18.7
26.4
33.6
45.6
48.1

266.5
272. I
275. I
281.0
290.1
340. i
283.7
289.3
297. I
303.0
303.8
309.9
291.9
291.5
301.9
307.8
314.8
321.0

under

Ten-
sion

Cornpression

Ten-

Com-

sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

pression
(kN.m)

Shear

under\
5;

22.2
57.2
22.9
59. I
24.2
62.5
23.6
62.6
24.8
65.6
25.3
67.2
24.3
65.4
25.2
67.7
26.2
70.7

0.0
18.6
13.4
38.2
20.1
56.6
7.3
25.4
14.4
47.4
22.0
70.6
8.4
30.4
16.6
55.2
23.5
79.5

0.0
180.7
0.0
18710
0.0
197.9
0.0
209.3
0.0
219.6
0.0
224.9
0.0
226.2
0.0
234.4
0.0
244.7

Ten-
sion

Cornpression

Ten?
sion

(kN.m)

(kN)

(kN)

(cm)

0.0
57.6
0.0
54. I

22.2
11.5
25.6
17.2
32.0
0. I
23.6

0.0

3.38

Base

0.0
196.9
232.8
343.9
336.3
485.6
135.6
211.1
244.8
359.8
358.9
513.5
148.0
226.2
263.7
382.9
377.4
537.5

0.0
54.0
0.0
30.2
0.0
71.5
0.0
i 20.2
0.0
48.4
0.0
106.0
0.0
162.2

..

Hinged
Column

SWAY

BASE/CROWN

SSION

(kg/ mZ)

g
Y
4

FRAMES

HAUNCH

SURE

l/5.0

PORTAL

spacing = 6.0 m

TENSION

PRES-

I/4.0

OF LATTICE

1.9
24.8
2.0
26. I
Il.2
24.3
3.0
27.6
3.1
26.2
3.3

11.0

25.4
16.6
36.0
22.1
15.3
8.5
26.4
13.0
31.9
17.6
16.3
7.4.
27.9
II.5
39.4
15.6

3.54
3.15
-3.47
3.13
3.36
3;59
3.55
3.20

Fixed
100

l/3.0

150
200
l/4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
150
200

NOTEincreased

Wherever
allowable

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

design is governed
stresses.

87.7
50.5
85.3
49.8
88.5
50.8
93.4
50.9
92.9
50.6
93.9
50.4
96.0
50.0
92.2
48.7
92.7
48.8

0.0
17.8
14.3
36.4
29.3
54.2
0.0
19.6
19.4
38.4
38.6
56.0
2.7
21.1
26.9
40.3
47.8
58.7

227.6
231.6
224.3
228.4
229.5
233.8
257.4
261.4
256.5
260.7
255.0
259.3
273.3
277.3
266.2
270.4
266.9
271.2

by DL + WL combination,

Base

0.0
87.8
114.6
177.3
177.2
261.8
0.0
107.7
136.4
208.3
208.2
304. I
73.2
46.5
157.4
117.0
237.6
184.6
the corresponding

32.4
48.9
31.8
48.6
32.6
49.2
35.7
56.4
35.5
56.2
35.1
57.1
37.1
60.5
36.0
59.6
36.1
59.8
design

0.0
13.9
17.1
30.5
26.4
46.0
0.0
19.9
19.2
40.0
28.9
59.6
10.0
15.1
21.3
33.4
32.2
50.9
forces

161.5
126.0
157.7
127.8
214.2
126.0
170.5
163.6
169.2
162.9
166. I
172.7
172.2
187.6
166.4
188.5
166.2
189.3

0.0
35.0
161.8
31.1
235.2
53.8
0.0
28.8
164.9
72.5
233.6
120.6
94.4
47.9
170.3
107.8
243.8
164.0

have been multiplied

32.4
3.7
31.8
3.5
42.3
3.7
35.7
1.4
35.5
1.4
35.1
1.2
37.1
0.3
36.0
0.3
36. I
0.4

0.0
2.4
29.0
4.2
42.3
6. I

2.11

0.0

1.53

2.3
31.1
3.7
44.8
4.7
17.9
2.7
33.3
4.0
48.1
5.3

by I/ 1.33 to account

3.45
3.24

2.27
2.79
1.30
2.89
3.46

for

SP 47(5&T): 1988

TABLE

25 FOUNDATION

Span =~9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

Column
WIND

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height * 4.5 m

LOAD

(kg/m*)

OF LATTICE

Frame

AXIAL

Hinged

MOMENT

(kN

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 13.31
- 7.73
13.71

1.97
1.87
8.40

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/3.0

150 DL
ZL
WL

- 13.30
-7.73
20.97

1.97
1.87
12.59

-0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 13.63
- 7.73
27.42

2.01
1.87
16.79

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 13.22
-8.91
14.87

1.97
2.19
8.34

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/4.0

150 DL.
LL
WL

- 13.14
-8.91
22.30

1.96
2.18
12.51

0.0
0.0
0.0

114.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 13.46
-8.91
29.14

1.99
2.18
16.68

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-13.11
-9.63
15.68

1.96
2.38
8.39

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 13.09
-9.63
23.53

1.96
2.38
12.59

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 13.41
-9.63
31.37

2.00
2.38
16.78

0.0
0.0
0.0

94

= 4.5 m

SHEAR

(kN)

_-

Spacing

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

( Continued )

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

25 FOUNDATION

Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Conld

Column Height = 4.5 m

WIND

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

AXIAL

LOAD

0%/m*)

: 1988

MOMENT

SHEAR

@NJ

(kN.m)

(W

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 13.33
- 1.13
10.93

3.09
2.88
9.28

- 560.2
-520.7
1702.0

l/3.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

- 13.32
-7.73
16.38

3.10
2.89
13.93

- 563.2
- Z22.5
2559.3

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 13.34
-7.13
21.83

3.11
2.89
18.58

-564.1
- 523.6
3418.6

l/4.0

100 DL
ILL
WL

- 13.Ll3
-8.91
12.28

3.06
3.34
9.j5

- 535.4
- 583.8
1671.0

l/4.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

- 13.17
-8.91
18.42

3.07
3.36
14.03

-538.2
- 585.9
2511.3

114.0

200 DL
LL
-WL

-13.19
-8.91
24.55

3.08
3.36
18.72

- 538.9
- 587.1
3352.3

l/5.0

lo0 DL
LL
WL

- 13.14
-9.63
13.17

3.05
3.62
9.47

- 520.0
-617.2
1679.5

I/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 13.07
- 9.63
19.75

3.04
3.64
14.22

- 519.5
-619.3
2524. I

I/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 13.09
-9.63
26.33

3.05
3.65
18.97

-520.1
- 620.6
3369.2

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

95

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE 26 FOUNDATION
Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES

Column Height = 4.5 m

WIND

LOAD

(Ire/ m2)

AXIAL
NJ)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

SHEAR
NJ)

MOMENT

(kN.m)

Hinged Baac
2.36

0.0

2.48
II.19

0.0
0.0

- 17.14

2.38

0.0

- IO.31
27.42

2.48
16.78

0.0
0.0

- 17.64
- IO.31
36.57

2.44
2.48
22.37

0.0
0.0
0.1

LL
WL

- 16.71
- I I .87
19.83

2.35
2.90
II.11

0.0
0.0
0.0

I/4.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

- 17.01
-11.87
29.73

2.38
2.89
16.66

0.0
0.0
0.0

I/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-~l7.17
- II.87
39.65

2.40
2.89
22.22

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

I00 DL
LL
WL

- 16.65
- 12.84
20.91

2.35
3.16
II.18

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

- 16.55
- 12.84

2.33
3.16

o;o
0.0

16.76

0.1

200 DL

- 17.03
- 12.84

2.38
3.16

0:o
0.0

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

I/3.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

113.0

200 DL
LL
WL

l/4.0

l/5.0

IO0 DL

LL
WL

-16.90

- 10.31.
18.29

31.37

41.83

0.1

22.35
( Continued)

96

HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES (Without Cranes)

SE' 47(S&T)-:1988

TABLE

26 FOUNDATION

Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

WIND

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column

Height = 4.5 m

LOAD

PORTAL

FRAMES--Co&d
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

@NJ

@NJ

(kg/m2)

MOMENT

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 16.83
- 10.31
14.60

3.67
3.77
12.33

-663.3
- 678.0
2248.0

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 16.86
- 10.31
21.88

3.69
3.78
18.51

- 665.9
-680.3
3380.3

l/3.0

200 DL
ZL
WL

- 16.87
- 10.31
29.16

3.69
3.79
24.69

-666.3
-681.7
4515.0

114.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 16.71
-11.87
16.40

3.65
4.37
12.41

- 636.6
-759.6
2197.7

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 16.68
-11.87
24.59

3.65
4.39
18.63

- 635.%
- 762.2
3302.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 16.69
-11.87
32.77

3.65
4.40
24.86

-635.9
- 763.8
4408.3

115.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 16.60
- 12.84
17.58

3.62
4.73
12.56

-614.7
- 802.8
2208.6

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 16.62
- 12.84
26.36

3.63
4.75
18.86

-616.7
.-805.4
3318.4

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 14.63
- 12.84
35.14

3.63
4.77
25.17

-617.0
-807.1
4429.9

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

97

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

27 FOUNDATION

Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

Column
WIND
(kei

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m

LOAD
m2)

Hinged

Frame

Spacing

= 4.5 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

MOMENT

&NJ

(kN)

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
UfL

- 14.76
-7.73
16.66

1.46
1.42
10.55

-0.0
-0.0
0.0

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 15.64
-7.74
24.98

1.52
1.42
15.82

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 15.84
-7.74
33.31

1.53
1.42
21.10

0.0
-0.0
0.2

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 14.59
-8.91
17.72

1.44
1.65
10.42

-0.0
-0.0;
0.0

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 15.13
-8.91
26.58

1.48
1.65
15.63

-0.0
-0.0
0.1

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 15.52
-8.91
35.44

1.51
1.65
20.84

l/5,0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 14.54
- 9.63
18.50

1.44
1.79
10.43

-0.0
-0.0
0.0

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 14.89
-9.63
27.75

1.46
1.79
15.64

0.0
-0.0
0.2.

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 15.47
-9.64
37.01

1.51
1.79
20.85

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

0.0
0.0
0.2

0.0
-0.0
0.2
( Continued)

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

27 FOUNDATION

Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES
Column

WIND

LOAD

(kg/m*)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Co&f

Height = 6.0 m

Frame Spacing= 4.5 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

MOMENT

CkN)

@NJ

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

115.0

200 DL
LL
WL

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTllRES

WITH STEEL

- 1474
-7.73
11.76

2.31
2.18
11.42

-541.7
- 509.0
2772.5

- 14.72
- 7.73
17.62

2.31
2.J9
17.15

-540.4
-511.0
4168.9

- 14.74
- 7.73
23.48

3.31
2.19
22.87

- 540.8
-512.3
5568.4

- 14.59
-8.91
13.08

2.27
2.51
11.38

-514.7
-568.1
2698.4

- 14.62
-8.91
19.60

2.28
2.52
17.08

-516.9
- 570.3
4057.2

- 14.64
-8.91
26.12

2.28
2.53
22.79

-517.2
-571.8
5419.4

- 14.49
-9.63
13.95

2.24
2.71
11.43

-496.2
-6410.3
2680.6

- 14.52
- 9.63
20.92

2.24
2.72
17.16

-498.1
-602.6
4030.6

- 14.54
-9.63
27.88

2.25
2.73
22.89

-498.3
-604.2
5383.1

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

99

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

28 FOUNDATION

Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

Column
WIND

LOAD

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m
AXIAL

(kg/ m2)

W)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

SHEAR

MOMENT

&NJ

(kN.m)

Hinged Base
- 19.05
- 10.31
22.20

150 DL
LL
WL

- 19.82
- 10.32
33.31

21.09

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-20.77
- 10.32
44.41

1.87
1.88
28.11

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 18.92
-11.87
23.62

1.73
2.J8
13.88

~- 0:o
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 19.48
-11.88
35.44

1.77
2.18
20.83

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL

- 20.05
-11.88

1.81
2.18

WL

47.25

27.77

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

LOO

0.0
0.0
0.1

1.74
1.88

100 DL
LL
WL

l/3.0

14.06
1.80
1.88

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 18.86
- 12.84
24.67

1.73
2.37
13.89

-0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 19.34
- 12.85
37.02

1.75
2.37
20.84

-0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 19.99
- 12.85
49.35

1.81
2.37
27.78

0.0
0.0
0.2
( Confinued)

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)
.-

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE

28 FOUNDATION

Span = 9.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF ~LATTICE

PORTAL

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND LOAD
(kg/m*)

FRAUEB-Contd
Frame Spacing=6.0

AXIAL
(kN)

SHEAR
(kN)

m
MOMENT
(kN.m)

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

I/3.0

150 DL
LL
OWL

- 18.68
- 10.31
15.72

2.12

-635.4

2.85
15.19

-662.5
3666.8

- 18.70
- 10.31
23.56

2.73
2.86
-22.50

-637.1
-665.1
5513.5

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 18.66
- 10.31
31.39

2.73
2.87
30.42

- 636.9
-666.8
7364.4

l/4.0

100 DL

- 18.56
- 11.87
17.41

2.68
3.28
15.12

-606.7
-739.1
3568.8

- 18.52
- 11.85
26.19

2.67

-604.6

3.30

- 742.1

22.10

5366.4

- 11.87
34.90

2.67
3.31
30.29

-604.3
- 744.0
7168.4

WL

-18.44
- 12.84
18.64

2.64
3.54
15.18

- 584.9
- 780.9
3545.9

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 18.46
- 12.84
27.94

2.65
3.56
22.80

- 586.4
- 784.1
5331.5

l/5.0

200 DL
LL

- 18.42
- 12.84
37.24

2.65
3.57
30.42

- 586.0
-786.1
7120:8

LL
WL

I/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

l/4.0

- 18.47

200 DL
LL
WL

l/5.0

100 DL
LL

WL

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

101

b
,t
Si

J7(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

29 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF

LATI-I<E

PORCAI. ,FWAMES

Column Height = 4.5 m

WIND LOAD
@.e/m*)

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

AXIAL

s tIEAt

(kN)

(kN)

MOMEST

(kN.m)

Hinged Base
I/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 16.00
- 10.31
16.07

3.46
3.27
9.20

0.0
0 0
0.0

113.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-~I 5.93
-10.31
24.10

3.44
3.27
13.79

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 16.32
- IO.31
32.14

3.52
3~26
18.39

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 15.79
- Il.88
17.70

3.47
3.85
9.47

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/4.0

150 DL
Lz.
WL

- 15.72
- I I .87
26.55

3.46
3.85
14.20

0.0
0.0
0.1

I/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 16.10
- Il.87
35.40

3.53
3.85
18.92

0.0
0.0
0.1

I/5.0

100 DL
1.L
WL

- 15.73
- 12.84
18.82

3.50
4.22
9.77

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

-15.66
- 12.84
28.23

3.48
4.22
14.64

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 15.66
- 12.84
37.64

3.48
4.22
19.51

0.0
0.0
0.1

( Conrinucd)

102

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

29 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLDPE

FORCES
Column

WIND

OF LATTICE

LOAD

Fixed

100 DL

FRAMES-ConLd

Height = 4.5 m

Frame

Spacing

= 4.5 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

MOMENT

@N)

(kN)

(kN.m)

(kg/m*)

l/3.0

PORTAL

: 1988

Base

LL
WL

- 15.97
- 10.31
13.94

5.34
5.00
10.81

- 1000.8
- 934.8
2171.7

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 15.95
- 10.31
20.91

5.34
5.01
16.23

- 1000.6
-937.1
3262.0

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 15.97
- 10.31
27.87

5.35
5.02
21.65

- 1002.4
- 938.5
435j.5

I/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 15.78
- 11.87
15.79

5.36
5.88
11.47

- 967.3
- 1059.1
2197.9

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 15.76
-11.87
23.68

5.36
5.90
17.22

-966
- 1061
33M

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 15.78
-11.87
31.56

5.37
5.91
22.98

-96
- 1063.
4404.0

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-15.67
- 12.84
16.99

5.35
6.42
11.95

-938.1
-1123.8
2227.1

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 15.70
- 12.84
25.47

5.38
6.43
17.94

- 942.2
- 1125.9
3343.7

l/5.0

200 DL
LZ
WL

- 15.72
- 12.84
33.96

5.39
6.45
23.95

r- 943.6
- 1127.6
4461.6

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

103

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

30 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

Column

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 4.5 m

WIND LOAD

AXIAL

(kg/ mz)

ON
Hinged

Frame

Spacing

SHEAR
@J)

= 6.0 m
MOMENT
(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-20.11
- 13.75
21.42

4.16
4.34
12.25

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-20.41
- 13.75
32.13

4.21
4.33
18.37

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-21.10
- 13.75
42.85

4.32
4.33
24.49

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 19.87
- 15.83
23.60

4.17
5.11
12.59

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 19.86
- 15.83
35.41

4.18
5.10
18.88

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 20.43
- 15.63
47.20

4.25
5.10
25.15

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 19.79
- 17.12
25.09

4.20
5.60
12.99

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 19.70
-17.12
37.64

4.18
5.59
19.47

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-20.16
- 17.12
50.19

4.24
5.59
25.94

OJI
0.0
0.1

i
i

( Conh4ed)

.,I_

104

HANDBOOK

-ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Ctenesb

_.!_

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

30 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES
Column

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Contd
Frame

Height = 4.5 m

: 1988

Spacing

= b.0 m
MOMENT

WIND LOAD

AXIAL

SHEAR

(kg/ m2)

@NJ

&NJ

(kN.m)

Fixed

Base

11.70

100 DL
LL
WL

- 20.44
- 13.75
18.61

6.40
6.57
14.30

- 1192.5
- 1220.0
2853.9

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 20.07
- 13.75
27.91

6.39
6.58
21.45

-1189.1
- 1220.5
4280.8

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-20.09
- 13.75
37.20

6.40
6.59
28.61

- 1190.2
- 1222.1
5712.0

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-20.30
- 15.83
21.05

6.54
7.86
15.3(

- 1178.7
- 1413.4
2930.3

I/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-20.22
- 15.83
31.58

6.47
7.80
22.84

- 1161.7
-1398.2
4362.6

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-20.19
- 15.83
42.11

6.43
7.76
30.36

- 1152.2
- 1387.7
5786.5

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-20.27
- 17.13
22.63

6.66
8.75
16.13

- 1171.2
- 1535.9
3016.6

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 20.20
- 17.12
33.96

6.56
8.61
23.95

- 1147.2
- 1502.8
4457.9

I/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-20.16
- 17.12
45.28

6.52
8.56
31.83

- 1137.4
- 1491.3
5912.3

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEELlATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

105

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

31 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTA-L

FRAMES

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND
(kg/

LOAD
m2)

Hinged

Frame

Spacing

= 4.5 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

MOMEST

(kN)

lkNl

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 17.42
- 10.31
18.29

2.61
2.50
11.20

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 17.98
- 10.31
21.43

2.67
2.50
16.80

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 18.68
- 10.31
36.57

2.75
2.50
22.40

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 17.20
-11.87
19.83

2.59
2.92
11.13

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 17.53
-11.87
29.74

2.63
2.92
16.69

0.0
0.0
0.1

114.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 18.20
- 11.87
39.65

2.71
2.92
22.25

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-17.14
- 12.84
20.92

2.60
3.19
11.20

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 17.46
- 12.84
31.37

2.63
3.19
16.79

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 18.13
- 12.84
41.83

2.71
3.18
22.39

0.0
0.0
0-I
( Conrinued)

106

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Witnout

Cranes)

SP 47(!3&T):1988

TABLE 31 FOUNDATION FORCES OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES-Cod

Span = 12.0 m
SWPE

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND LOAD
(kg/

09

Frame SpacingE4.5

AXIAL

SHEAR

&NJ

(kN)

m
M0hiaN~

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
OWL

- 17.41
- 10.31
14.57

4.07
3.84
12.37

-983.1
- 926.2
3028.8

- 17.37
- 10.31
21.84

4.06
3.85
18.58

-981.7
- 929.1
4554.9

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 17.33
- 10.31
29.10

4.07
3.86
A.78

- 982.8
- 930.9
6083.3

l/4.0

100 DL

- 17.21
- 11.87
16.37

4.03
4.46
12.47

-939.1
- 1038.3
2971.4

LL
WL

- 17.24
-11.87
24.55

4.05
4.48
18.72

-943.5
- 1041.6
4464.5

l/4.0

2UO DL
LL
WL

- 17.20
-11.88
32.73

4.05
4.49
24.98

-944.5
- 1043.7
5959.7

l/5.0

100 DL

- 17.15
- 12.84
17.56

4.01
4.84
12.63

-912.2
- 1097.7
2986.6

-17.11
- 12.84
26.33

4.01
4.85
18.97

-910.4
- 1101.0
4487.7

- 17.07
- 12.84
35.10

4.01
4.87
25.30

-911.0
- 1102.9
5989.3

LL
WL

l/4.0

150 DL

LL
WL

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
OWL

HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES WITH STEEL I.ATTlCE PORTAL FRAMES (Without Cranes)

187

SP 47(S&T)

: 11988

TABLE

32 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES
Column

WIND

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m

LOAD

Frame

AXIAL

Hinged

= 6.0 m

SHEAR

&NJ

(kg/ m2)

Spacing

MOMENT

fkN.ml

(kN)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 22.35
- 13.75
24.38

3.16
3.32
14.92

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-23.26
- 13.75
36.57

3.27
3.31
~22.38

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 24.36
- 13.76
48.76

3.40
3.31
29.84

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-22.09
- 15.83
26.44

3.14
3.87
14.82

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 22.74
- 15.83
39.65

3.22
3.87
22.23

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-23.40
- 15.83
52.86

3.30
3.87
29.64

0.0
0.0
0.1

115.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-22.01
-17.12
27:89

3.15
4.22
14.91

0.0
0.0
0.0

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-22.66
- 17.12
41.82

3.23
4.22
22.36

0.0
0.0
0.1

115.0

200

-23.32
- 17.13
55.78

3.30
4.22
29.82

010
0.0
0.2

DL
LL
WL

( Continued)

108

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LAITICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

-..-

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

32 FOINDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SI.OlJh

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column

Height = 6.0 m

WI\I, LOAl,
(kg m:)

PORTAL

FRAMES-Contd
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

MOMENT

W)

CW

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-21.93
- 13.75
19.46

4.83
5.03
16.44

- 1161.8
- 1205.8
4001.2

l/3.0

150 DL
LL

-21.95
- 13.75

4.85
5.05

- 1165.7
- 1209.3

WL

29.17

24.68

6015.6
- 1166.0
- 1211.5
8034.3

I/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-21.91
- 13.75
38.87

4.85
5.06
32.93

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-21.70
- 15.83
21.86

4.78
5.84
16.55

- 1108.8
- 1350.9
3907.6

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-21.72
- k5.83
32.77

4.79
5.86
24.85

-1112.2
- 1354.9
5872.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-21.67
- 15.83
43.69

4.80
5.87
33.15

-1112.3
- 1357.4
7842.6

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-21.62
- 17.12
23.44

4.75
6.32
16.75

- 1075.9
- 1427.5
~3926.6

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-21.64
- 17.12
35.14

4.77
6.34
25.16

- 1079.2
- 1431.7
5898.6

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-21.59
-17.12
46.85

4.77
6.36
33.57

- 1079.2
- 1434.3
7872.8

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

~FRAMES (Without Cranes)

.

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

33 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

WIND LOAD
(kg/ m2)

AXIAL
W)

Frame Spacing = 4.5

SHEAR

MOMENT

(kN.m!

W)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 23.25
- 10.32
24.58

1.90
1.69
15.55

0.0
0.0
0.2

113.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-25.50
- 10.32
36.87

2.03
1.69
23.32

0.0
-0.0
0.2

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-27.11
- 10.32
49.16

2.14
1.69
31.10

0.0
-0.0
0.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 22.99
- 11.88
25.94

1.87
1.96
15.35

0.0
0;o
0.2

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-24.56
-11.88
38.91

I.96
1.96
23.02

0.0
0.0
0.2

114.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 26.79
- 11.87
51.86

2.10
.1.96
30.69

0.0
0.0
0.5

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-22.91
- 12.85
26.96

1.86
2.13
15.34

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-24.48
- 12.85
40.45

1.96
2.13
23.00

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-26.70
- 12.84
53.92

2.10
2.12
30.66

0.Q
0.0
03
( Continued)

110

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(5&T)

TABLE

33 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES
Column

WIND

OF

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Co&f
Frame

Height = 9.0 m

LOAD

UN

Fixed

Spacing

SHEAR

AXIAL

(kg/m*)

: 1988

= 4.5 m
MOMENT

M)

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 20.23
- 10.31
16.34

2.68
2.59
16.74

- 929.7
- 895.8
6087.6

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-20.58
- 10.31
24.28

2.79
2.70
25.24

- 975.0
- 939.0
9320.7

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-21.42
- 10.31
32.15

2.90
2.76
33.75

- 1022.1
-966.0
12601.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 20.02
-11.88
18.08

2.62
2.98
16.63

-881.8
-999.2
5925.9

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 20.37
-11.87
26.91

2.73
3.10
25.10

-924.3
- 1047.5
9068.1

114.0

250 DL
LL
WL

-20.81
- 11.87
35.52

2.84
3.24
33.69

-971.5
-1103.1
12399.0

115.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 19.96
- 12.84
19.24

2.60
3.21
16.66

-856.1
- 1056.3
5881.9

115.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-20.31
- 12.84
28.66

2.71
3.35
25.17

- 897.0
-1107.1
9001.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-20.75
-12.84
37.88

2.82
3.50
33.81

-941.4
- 1164.5
12300.9

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

III

SP 47(!3&T):1988

TABLE
Span = l2.0
SLOPE

34 FOUNDATION

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

Column Height = 9.0 m

m
WIND

LOAD

(kg/ mZ)

FRAMES
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

IkN)

CkN)

MOMENT

(kN.m)

Hinged Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-30.13
- 13.75
32.77

2.29
2.24
20.72

0.0
0.0
<).3

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 32.38
- 13.76
49.16

2.41
2.24
31.08

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 34.63
-13 75
65.63

2.55
2.24
41.50

0.0
0.0
0.4

114.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 29.07
- 15.84
34.58

2.20
2.59
20.45

0.0
0.0
0.2

li4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-32.l5
- 15.83
51.86

2.39
2.59
30.67

0.0
0.0
0.5

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
.WL

- 34.38
- 15.83
69.15

2.53
2.59
40.90

0.0
0.0
0.4

115.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-28.97
- 17.13
35.95

2.20
2.82
20.43

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-32.04
- 17.12
53.92

~2.38
2.82
30.64

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-34.26
- 17.12
71.89

2.52
2.81
40.85

0.0
0.0
0.4
( Continued)

112

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

34 FOUNDATION

Span = 12.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Co&

Column Height = 9.0 m

WIND

LOAD

(kg/m9

: 1988

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAL

SHEAR

U-1

&NJ

(kN.m)

MOMENT

Fixed Base
113.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 25.94
- 13.75
21.68

3.28
3.52
22.37

- 1141.2
- 1219.0
8195.6

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-26.55
- 13.75
32.01

3.44
3.72
33181

- 1215.8
- 1307.0
12713.8

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-27.59
- 13.75
42.43

3.56
3.78
45.18

- 1266.1
- 1332.1
17140.7

I/4.0

100 DL

LL
WL

-25.37
- 15.83
24.16

3.08
_ 3.89
22.11

- 1033.0
- 1299.7
7841.9

114.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-26.21
- 15.83
35.67

3.35
4.24
33.59

- 1141.0
~- 1435.7
12271.5

I/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-27.33
- 15.83
47.20

3.49
4.36
44.99

- 1195.7
- 1482.8
16654.6

l/5.0

lO0 DL
LL

-25.29
- 17.12
25.70

3.05
4.91
22.15

- 1002.1
- 1373.9
7784.6

LL
WL

-26.04
- 17.12
38.02

3.30
4.59
33.70

- 1097.6
- 1516.5
12176.6

200 DL
LL
WL

- 27.33
- 17.12
50.49

3.40
4.66
45.08

L 1132.3
- 1545.3
16413.2

WL
l/5.0

I/5.0

HANDBDOK

150 DL

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

113

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

35 FOUNDATiON

Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

AXIAL

LOAD

(kg/m*)

SHEAR

W)

MOMENT

(kN.m)

(W

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100 DL

-23.15
- 15.47
23.20

5.83
5.47
13.56

0.0
0.0
0.1

LL
WL

-23.46
- 15.47
34.80

5.88
5.46
20.32

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 24.36
- 15.47
46.40

6.07
5.46
27.07

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

100 DL

- 22.30
- 17.81
25.70

5.76
6.48
14.16

0.0
0.0
0.1

LL
WL

- 22.86
- 7.81
3B .55

5.86
6.47
21.22

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-23.73
- 17.81
51.40

6.05
6.46
28.27

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

100 DL
LL

-22.72
- 19.27
27.40

5.83
7.14
14.72

0.0
0.0
il.0

LL
WL

- 22.76
- 19.26
41.09

5.92
7.11
22.03

200 DL
LL
WL

-23.06
- 19.26
54.78

5.99
7.11
29.35

LL
WL
l/3:0

150 DL

LL
WL
l/4.0

150 DL

WL
115.0

l/5.0

150 DL

0.0

0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2

( Continued)

_^

114

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Cnnes)

_*.-_*._
^_..

,vm--.^-

(Wimaar

_-

. ,-

.x

_...

.I

,<A\
.

.c

I
.,
..I
d

na_

>

!. ;:

,,

1,.

C.

,&+

( *: ..,
:

c
1:

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

35 FOUNDATION

Span = 18.0 m

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column

Height = 6.0 m

PORTAL

FRAMES-Contd
Frame

Spacing

= 4.5 m

WIND LOAD

AXIAL

SHEAR

(kg/ m2)

(kN)

(kN)

(kN.m)

WL

- 23.31
- 15.48
20.62

9.02
8.56
16.62

- 2307.3
-2184.1
4504.7

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 23.23
- 15.47
30.95

8.90
8.46
24.71

- 2263.0
-2147.9
6674.6

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-23.19
- 15.47
41.27

8186
a.43
32.94

- 2247.4
-2132.6
8852.3

l/4.0

loo DL
LL
WL

~- 23.19
- 17.82
23.40

9.25
10.28
18.05

-2281.7
- 2532.0
4658.0

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 23.08
- 17.81
35.11

9.16
10.21
26.95

-2250.1
-25o4.1
6928.4

l/4.0

2OO DL
LL
WL

- 23.08
- 17;81
46.80

9.17
10.22
35.93

- 2249.4
- 2503.0
9232.5

l/5.0

loo DL
LL
WL

-23.11
- 19.27
25.21

9.31
11.39
19.11

- 2245.8
- 2726.8
4782.1

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 23.08
- 19.27
37.81

9.33
11.32
28.52

- 2227.4
- 2697.3
7113.3

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
U!L

- 23.03
- 19.26
50.42

9.28
11.26
37.89

- 2209.7
- 2675.8
9426.1

SLOPE

Fixed
l/3.0

HANDBOOK

Base

loo DL
LL

ON STRUCTURES

MOMENT

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

11s

-_.

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

36 FOUNDATION

Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

Column
WIND
04

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m

LOAD

AXIAL

m*)

&N)

Hinged

Frame

Spacing

= 6.0 m
MOMENT

SHEAR

(kN.m)

0-j

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-29.23
- 20.63
30.93

1.01
1.26
18.03

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 30.00
-20.62
46.40

1.23
1.25
21.02

0.0
0.0
02

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-31.40
- 20.63
61.86

1.53
7.25
36.00

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-28.97
-23.75
34.26

7.07
8.59
18.82

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 28.86
- 23.75
51.39

7.14
8.58
28.21

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 29.61
-23.75
08.53

7.28
8.58
37.59

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 28.60
-25.68
36.52

7.24
9.73
19.86

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 28.62
- 25.69
54.7P

7.17
9.43
29.27

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 29.49
- 25.69

7.35
9.42

0.0
0.0

73.04

39.00

0.2
( Continued)

116

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL ~LATTICE PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Crams)

SP 47(5&T)

: 1988

\
TABLE 36 FOUNDATION
Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND LOAD

AXIAL

(kg/ mZ)

(EN)

FRAMES-Co&j
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m
SHEAR

MOMENT

@NJ

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
113.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-29.31
- 20.63
21.45

11.06
11.50
22.22

-2836.6
- 2939.1
6043.2

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-29.18
- 20.63
41.19

10.96
11.42
33.20

-2191.1
-2907.3
8990.9

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-29.13
- 20.63
54.93

10.90
11.38
44.15

-2775.3
-2885.7
11922.6

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

, -29.66
-23.15
31.18

11.46
13.72
24.05

-2819.9
- 3369.0
6194.8

114.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 29.49
-23.75
46.79

11.33
13.62
35.88

-2175.2
- 3326.9
9203.7

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 29.41
- 23.75
62.40

11.25
13.53
47.63

-2744.8
- 3292.5
12175.9

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 29.43
- 29.69
33.60

11.52
15.11
25.36

-2746.8
- 3594.9
6316.4

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-29.18
-25.68
50.40

11.42
15.05
31.92

.-2714.4
-3569.2
9420.1

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 29.07
-25.69
67.20

11.37
15.03
50.49

-2696.4
- 3555.9
12520.4

8
iJ

ii
i
k
!:

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTlCE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

117

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

37 FOUNDATION

Span = 18.b no
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

WIND

Loao

AXIAL

(kg/m*)

WI

In
I

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

SHEAR

.\

MOMENT

(kN.m)

WI

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-29.17
- 15.47
27.43

4.31
3.76
16.81

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-31.12
- 15.47
41.14

4.55
3.76
25.21

0.0
0.0
0.4

113.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 33.73
- 15.47
54.85

4.85
3.76
33.61

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 27.96
- 17.81
29.74

4.20
4.40
16.70

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 29.83
- 17.81
44.61

4.41
4.40
25.05

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-31.64
- 17.81
59.47

4.63
4.40
33.40

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 27.72
- 19.26
31.38

4.18
4.80
16.81

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-29.71
- 19.26
47.06

4.42
4.80
25.21

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-31.52
- 19.26
62.74

4.64
4.80
33.62

.o.o
0.0
0.2
( tiontmued)

\I8

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTKZE PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

I-------

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

37 FOUNDATION

Span = 18.0 m

FORCES
Column

SLOPE

WIND

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Contd

Height = 9.0 m

LOAD

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

AXIAL

(kg/m*)

: 1988

SHEAR

&NJ

MOMENT

(kN.m)

NV

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-25.48
- 15.47
21.85

6.01
5.77
18.58

-2175.9
- 2085.4
6832.5

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 25.93
- 15.47
32.60

6.23
5.97
28.07

- 2276.5
-2177.2
10481.4

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 26.36
- 15.47
43.18

6.45
6.19
37.71

- 2392.3
- 2288.2
14376.6

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-25.18
- 17.81
24.56

5.95
6.70
18.72

- 2077.3
- 2337.8
6692.3

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-25.30
- 17.81
36.82

5.97
6.73
28.10

- 2085.0
-2343.6
10048.8

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-25.71
- 17.81
48.84

6.26
7.06
37.92

-2210.1
-2485.6
13874.5

l/5.0

100 DL

-25.83
- 19.26
26.32

5.96
7.32
19.00

- 2033.6

LL
WL
l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-25.10
- 19.26
39.48

5.91
7.29
28.47

-2010.1
- 2476.6
lea.9

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-26.10
- 19.27
52.54

6.09
7.49
38.23

- 2080.3
-2551.2
13694.6

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

-2491.0
6756.2

Cranes)

119

~---

..-.-

-.-

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

38 FOUNDATION

Column

Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

WIND

LOAD

Ilw m*)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

Height = 9.0 m

FRAMES
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAL

s HEAR

MOMENT

(kN)

(kN)

(kN.m)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-36.66
- 20.62
36.57

5.20
4.99
22.39

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-40.31
- 20.63
54.85

5.62
4.99
33.59

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 43.05
- 20.63
73.13

5.95
4.99
44.78

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-35.34
- 23.75
39.65

5.08
5.83
22.25

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-38.16
- 23.75
59.47

5.39
5.85
33.37

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-39.81
- 23.76
79.31

5.57
5.83
44.50

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-35.20
-25.69
41.83

5.07
6.37
22.39

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 37.88
- 25.70
62.76

5.37
6.37
33.58

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 39.65
- 25.69
83.66

* 5.58
6.36
44.77

0.0
0.0
0.4
( Conrinued)

I20

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTIRES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP

TABLE

38 FOUNDATION

Span = 18.0 m

FORCES
Column

SLOPE

WlND

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

LOAD

Frame

AXIAL

Fixed

Spacing

SHEAR

(W

) : 1988

FRAMES-Confd

Height = 9.0 m

(kg/ m2)

47 (S&l

= 6.0 m
MOMENT

WI

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 32.77
- 20.63
29.11

7.25
7.69
24.77

- 2623. I
-2773.7
9111.0

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 32.44
- 20.63
43.46

7.48
7.94
37.40

- 2129;6
- 2883.5
13960.3

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-33.63
- 20.63
57.69

7.79
8.13
50.13

- 2864.4
- 2977.0
18974.5

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 32.70
.-23.75
32.68

7.35
9.10
25.07

-2571.6
-3174.5
9012.3

150 DL

-31.91

7.31

- 2556.7

LL
WL

- 23,75
49.01

9.11
37.62

-3175.2
13521.8

I/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 33.76
- 23.75
65.21

7.62
9.27
50.37

-2671.8
-3231.7
18234.1

I/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 32.57
- 25.69
35.03

7.35
9.96
25.48

- 2508.9
- 3392.4
9116.1

I/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-31.80
- 25.69
52.57

7.28
9.88
38.40

- 2479.6
- 3354.3
13584.5

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 33.52
- 25.69
70.13

7.41
9.79
50.72

-2516.0
-3315.5
17983.4

l/4.0

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

121

SP

TABLE

39 FOUNDATION

Column

Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES
Height

WISD LOAD
(ka ml)
Hinged

Ii3.0

100 DL

OF

LATTICE

PORTAL

= 12.0 m

47(S&T)

: l)X8

FRAMES
Frame

AXIAL

SHEAR

(kN)

(kN)

Spacing

= 4.5 m
MOMENT
(kN.m)

Base
- 35.84
- 15.47
33.31

3.47
2.85
21.12

0.0

LL
WL

-38.52
- 15.47
49.96

3.66
2.85
31.67

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-43.77
- 15.47
66.61

4.08
2.85
42.22

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-34.37
- 17.81
35.43

3.34
3.32
20.86

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-37.68
- 17.82
53.16

3.60
3.32
31.29

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-40.83
- 17.82
70.87

3.85
3.31
41.72

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-34.24
- 19.26
37.01

3.34
3.61
20.88

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/S.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 37.39
- 19.27
55.51

3.57
3.61
31.31

0.0
0.0
0.5

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-40.52
- 19.27
74.02

3.81
3.6i
41.74

0.0
0.0
0.2

LL
WL
l/3.0

150 DL

0.0
0.4

( Continued)

122

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE 39 FOUNDATION
Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

: 1988

FORCES OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES--Co&d

Column Height = 12.0 m

WIND LOAD
(kg/m*)

Frame Spacing = 4.5 urn

AXIAL

SHEAR

MOMENT

IKN)

(kN)

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
I/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-28.81
- 15.47
23.33

4.65
4.53
22.99

-2195.0
-2130.5
11342.5

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
OWL

-29.51
- 15.47
34.61

4.85
4.72
34.70

-2317.2
-2246.5
11477.2

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-31.18
- 15.47
45.77

5.06
4.84
46.44

- 2442.3
-2321.9
23755.0

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 28.07
- 17.81
26.14

4.40
5.04
22.79

- 1994.4
- 2278.3
10834.4

114.0

150 DL
LL
wz

-29.19
- 17.81
38.66

4.77
5.46
34.65

-2194.5
-2503.8
16987.9

l/4.0

200 D1
LL
Wi

- 30.78
- 17.81
-51.29

4.88
5.57
46.37

-2260.8
-2566.9
22977.4

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-27.98
- 19.27
27.89

4.37
5.44
22.89

- 1935.6
- 2407.5
10764.9

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
OWL

- 28.52
- 19.26
41.52

4.58
5.76
34.70

- 2044.7
- 2562.7
16611.8

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-30.81
- 19.26
54.98

4.84
5.97
46.57

-2175.8
-2671.7
22641.8

HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL IATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

I23

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABlE

40 FOUNDATION

Span = 18.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Fmme !!$acing = 6.0 m

Column Height = 12.0 m

WIND

LOAD

AXIAL
MU

(kel m*)

SHeAn

MOMENT

&NJ

(kN.m)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-45.21
- 20.63
44.41

4.15
3.19
28.31

0.0
0.0
0.4

i/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-51.17
- 20.63
66.61

4.61
3.78
42.20

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-54.81
- 20.63
88.81

4.88
3.78
56.27

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-44.07
- 23.76
47.24

4.12
4.40
27.79

0.0
0.0
0.5

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-48.00
-23.76
70.87

4.33
4.40
41.69

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-54.20
- 23.75
94.49

4.82
4.39
55.59

0.0
0.0
0.2

i/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-42~48
-25.70
49.35

3.91
4.78
27.81

0.0
0.0
0.5

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-47.83
-25.69
74.01

4.32
4.78
41.71

0.0
(r.0
0.1

115.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-50.38
-25.69
98.68

4.51
4.78
55.61

0.0
0.0
0.2
( Conrimed)

124

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE 40 FOUNDATION
Span = 18.0 m

FORCES OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES-Contd

Column Height = ,2.0 m

WIND LOAD
(kg/ n+)

: 1988

SHEAR
(kN)

MOMENT
(kN.m)

-36.40
- 20.63
31.10

5.58
6.03
30.64

- 2632.7
- 2826.0
15113.3

LL
WL

-31.73
- 20.63
46.30

5.80
6.20
46.17

- 2754.4
- 2926.1
23102.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-39.14
- 20.62
61.15

6.05
6.38
61.84

- 2904.2
- 3042.0
31500.7

l/4.0

100 DL

-35.80
-23.15
34.14

5.40
6.85
30.48

-2449.7
- 3095.8
14583.3

LL
WL

-37.15
- 23.75
51.35

5.80
7.37
46.32

- 2619.1
- 3383.0
22889.6

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 39.74
-23.75
68.49

5.94
7.35
61.72

- 2735.0
- 3362.6
30464.9

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-35.69
-25.69
37.09

5.35
1.40
30.63

- 2375.0
- 3270.1
14487.5

l/5.0

!SO DL
LL
WL

- 36.46
-25.69
55.13

5.62
7.83
46.45

-2513.7
- 3487.8
2w3.0

l/5.0

ZOO DL
LL
WL

-39.20
-25.69
73.68

5.71
7.71
61.74

- 2569.4
- 3419.5
29652.0

SLOPE

AXIAL
(kN)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

l/3.0

150 DL

LL
WL

l/4.(

150 DL

HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL

FRAMES (Without Cranes)

I25

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

41 FOUNDATION

Span = 24.0 m
SLOP&

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

WIND LOAD
(kg/m*)

AXIAL
(kNb

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

SHEAR
tkN1

MOMENT

(kN.m)

Hinged Base
100 DL
LL

- 35.12

- 20.62
32.14

7.79
6.57
18.42

0.0
0.0
0.1

LL
WL

- 37.87
-20.63
48.20

8.16
6.57
21.62

0.0
0.0
0.4

200 DL
LL
WL

8.76

0.0

- 20.63
64.27

6.56
36.82

0.0
0.4

LL
WL

- 33.55
- 23.75
35.41

7.42
7.75
19.00

0.0
0.0
0.3

150 DL
LL
WL

- 35.76
-23.75
53.10

7.81
7.74

28.47

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-37.90
- 23.75
70.80

8.21
7.74
37.94

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-32.64
- 25.69
37.65

7.33
8.50
19.60

0.0
0.0
0.3

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-34.51
- 25.69
56.46

7.61
8.49
29.38

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 36.67
- 25.69
75.28

8.07
8.49
39.15

d.0
0.0
0.4

l/3.0

WL

l/3.0

l/3.0

l/4.0

I/4.0

150 DL

-41.11

100 DL

( Conrinud)

126

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

41 FOUNDATION

Span = 24.0 m
SLOPE

WIND

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column

Height = 9.0 m

LOAD

PORTAL

Spacing

SHEAR
(kN)

(kN)

Fixed

FRAMES-Contd
Frame

AXIAL

(h/m*)

: 1988

= 4.5 m
MOMENT

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 32.63
- 20.63
27.76

11.18
10.45
22.06

-4253.1
- 3966.8
9041.7

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-32.54
- 20.63
41.64

11.15
10.43
33.03

-4231.6
- 3946.3
13512.7

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-31.85
- 20.63
55.50

11.17
10.44
44.05

-4234.7
- 3949.8
18026.9

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-32.08
- 23~76
31.49

11.09
12.37
23.55

-4047.7
-4504.4
9159.8

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-31.94
- 23.76
47.22

11.06
12.36
35.28

- 4028.0
-4490.8
13704.5

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 30.73
- 23.76
63.01

10.82
12.18
46.66

- 3916.4
-4400.9
18017.3

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-32.41
-25.69
33.89

11.27
13.54
24.63

- 3989.4
- 4784.0
9285.3

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-32.10
- 25.69
50.83

11.16
13.53
36.90

- 3941.7
-4168.5
I-3890.6

115.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 30.47
- 25.69
67.82

10.79
13.31
48.71

- 3786.9
- 4662.0
18232.5

HANDBOOK

ON STHICTIRES

WITH STEEL I.AHl<I~:

lOi~lAl.

I~HAMES

(Uithout Cranes)

127

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

42 FOUNDATION

Span = 24.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

WIND LOAD

AXIAL

s HEAR

(kg/ m2)

(kN)

&NJ

Hinged

MOMENT

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-44.61
-27.50
42.85

9.42
8.72
24.53

0.0
0.0
0.2

I/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-48.89
-27.50
64.26

10.18
8.72
36.79

0.0
0.0
0.5

1/3.u

200 DL
LL
WL

-52.12
-27.50
85.68

10.77
8.71
49.04

-0.0
0.0
0.1

I/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-42.27
-31.67
47.21

9.02
10.28
25.27

0.0
0.0
0.4

114.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-45.42
- 31.67
70.80

9.58
10.28
31.87

~0.0
0.0
~0.4

I/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-47.53
-31.67
94.40

9.96
10.27
50.47

0.0
-0.0
0.2

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 42.08
- 34.25
50.19

9.08
11.27
26.06

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-44.15
- 34.25
75.28

9.44
11.26
39.06

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-47.31
- 34.25
100.37

10.03
11.26
52.06

D.0
0.0
0.4
(

128

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

CbIlrimrl~ll)

-(Without Cranea)

SP 47(S&l-)

: 198X

TABLE

42 FOllNDATlON

Span = 24.0 m

S1.01+

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

Column Height = 9.0 m

ul\l>
(kg

FORCES

i.O\l)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAL

Ill)

FRAMES-Cotid

(kN)

SHEAR
WN)

MOMEX I

(kN.m)

I-ixed Base
/

150 DL
WI.

--41.35
27.50
-41.30
37.03

13.81
13.68
29.25
13.67

-5170.8
- 5205.5
-5158.3
11920.9

l/3.0

LL
WL

- 27.50
55.53

43.84
13.81

- 17851.8
5194.3

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-40.71
- 27.50
74.04

13.63
13.77
58.34

-5134.0
-5167.0
23714.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-40.93
-31.67
41.98

13.64
16.33
31.20

- 4949.2
- 5910.9
12071.1

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-40.57
-31.67
62.97

13.51
46.73
16.32

- 4888.6
- 18051.6
5888.7

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-41.03
-31.66
84.06

13.42
15.95
61.51

-4819.4
- 5710.0
23564.2

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-41.00
- 34.25
45.19

13.72
17.86
32.59

- 4824.2
- 6265.7
12217.9

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-38.70
- 34.25
67.75

13.39
18.04
49.15

-4710.0
-6330.4
18450.4

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 39.32
- 34.25
90.39

13.38
17.75
64.88

- 4678.1
- 6190.6
24219.0

I /LO

HANDBOOK

100 DI.
LL

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

I.ATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Withuut

Cranes)

129

Sl 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

43 FOUNDATION

Column

Span = 24.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES

WIND

OF

LATTICE

FRAMES
Frame

Height = 12.0 m
AXI-AI.

LOAD

Hinged

Spacing

= 4.5 m
MOMES I

SHEAR

(kN)

(kg/m9

(kN.m)

(kN)

Hasc

100 DL
LL
WI.

-42.X I
- 20.63

l/3.0

l/3.0

I/3.0

PORTAL

36.51

6.35
5.03
22.42

0.4

150 III.
I. 1.
WI.

-45.88
- 20.63
54.86

6.71
5.03
33.63

0.0
0.0
0.4

200 DL
CL
WL

-4X.92
- 20.62
73.13

7.0x
5.03
44.83

0.0
0.0
0.1

I/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-40.50
- 23.15
39.65

6.03
5.88
22.29

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

-44,12
- 23.15
59.47

6.45
5.88
33.42

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-41.16
- 23.76
79.31

6.90
5.88
44.57

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-39.15
- 25.69
41.83

5.89
6.42
22.43

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-43.94
- 25.69
62.74

6.46
6.42
33.64

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-41.56
-25.69
83.67

6.91
6.42
44.85

0:o
0.0
0.2

0.0
0.0

( Corlritlltctt)

130

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

*-------

._.. ._ .___
__

,__

__

TABLE

43 FOUNDATION

Span = 24.0 m

FORCES
Column

OF LATTICE
Height=

WIND LOAD

SLOPE

(kg/m*)

Fixed

PORTAL

12.0 m

FRAMES-Confd
Frame

AXIAL

SHEAR

&N)

(kN)

Spacing = 4.5 m
MOMENT

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 35.41
- 20.63
29.03

8.37
7.88
24.89

- 4063 .O
-3818.4
12332.2

l/3.0

150 DL
.LL
WL

- 34.80
- 20.63
43.36

8.52
8.07
37.53

-4166.6
- 3935.7
18827.9

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 36.39
- 20.63
57.54

8.89
8.26
50.30

- 4387.4
- 4063.4
25602.7

I/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 34.63
-23.75
32.62

8.19
9.30
25.20

- 3842.5
-4352.7
12217.4

I /4.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

-33.76
-23.75
48.92

b. 18
9.28
37.78

- 3830.7
- 4335.0
18283.8

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-35.77
- 23.75
65.17

8.41
9.33
50.45

-3939.8
- 4359.3
24462.3

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 33.47
- 25.69
35.01

8.07
10.05
25.53

- 3684.2
- 4575.2
12237.5

I/5.0

isO DL
LL
WL

-33.49
-25.69
52.50

8.10
10.07
38.32

- 3690.5
- 4579.6
18369.8

I/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-35.12
-25.68
70.03

8.30
9.98
50.98

- 3770. I
- 4526.8
24320. I

HANDBOOK

ON

STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEI.

I,ATTIC:E

PORTAl,

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SI

o(S&f)

: 1988

TABLE

44 FOUNDATION

Span = 24.0 m
SI,OPti

FORCES

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

Column Height = 12.0 m

WIND

LOAD

FRAMES
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

AXIAI.

SIIBAR

MOMENT

(kN)

(kN)

(kN.m)

(kg/ m9

Hinged Base

100 DL
LL
WL

- 53.84
-27.50
48.75

6.6X
29.87

113.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 51.49
- 27.50
73.12

8.10
6.67
44.80

0.0
0.0
0 I

113.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-64.72
-27.51
91.52

8.98
6.61
59.74

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 50.07
-31.67
52.87

7.16
7.80
29.69

0.0
0.0
0.5

114.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 56.27
-31.68
79.31

1.92
7.81
44.52

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 59.23
-31.68
105.74

a.27
7.80
59.36

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-49.87
- 34.25
55.71

7.17
8.52
29.87

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 56.04
- 34.27
83.68

7.93
8.52
44.81

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 58.98
- 34.26
111.55

8.28
8.51
59.73

0.0
0.0
0.4

113.0

7.68

-0.0
0.0
0.2

( ~lJrrtirll#d
1

132

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WlTH

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(\Vithout

Crones)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

44 FOUNDATION

Span = 24.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES--Co&d

Column Height = 12.0 m

WIND

LOAD

(kg/ m2)

: 1988

AXIAL
ON

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

SHEAR

MOMENT

UN

(kN.m)

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-~43.29
-27.50
- 38.73

10.03
10.42
33.14

-4851.2
- 5024.5
16371.9

l/3.0

150 DL
LL

- 44.65
27.50

10.65
10.41

-5066.7
-5157.1

l/3.0

200 DL
WL
LL
WL

-46.91
57.88
-27.50
76.83

49.93
10.77
66.90
10.88

-24943.9
5278.0
-33865.0
5307.0

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-42.21
-31.67
43.57

9.71
12.12
33.42

-4524.1
-5631.6
16000.6

l/4.0

150 DL

-44.06

9.95

- 4642.0

l/4.0

200 LL
DL
WL
LL
WL

-31.66
-46.10
65.24
-31.67
86.87

50.32
12.29
10.34
12.42
67.26

-5716.1
-24218.4
4833.0
- 5780.6
32506.5

l/5.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-42.13
- 34.25
46.69

9.76
13.35
34.02

-4440.5
- 6055.9
16247.1

115.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-44.25
- 34.25
70.00

9.98
13.35
51.03

- 4530.6
-6043.6
24339.6

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-45.66
- 34.25
93.52

10.04
12.99
67.54

-4531.8
- 5848;o
31828.9

HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL -FRAMES (Without Cranes)

133

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE 45 FOUNDATION
Span = 30.0 m
Sl.oPe

FORCES OF LATTICE

Column
wINI>

0%

Height = 9.0

I.OAI)
m?)
Hinged

l/3.0

100 DL

LL
WL

PORTAl,

FRAMES

Frame

AXIAI.

SIII:4K

(kN)

(khi)

Spacing = 4.5

MOMWT
(kN.m)
--

Base

-41.62

I I .87

0.0

- 25.78
37.59

10.04
22.55

0.0
0.3

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-44. IO
- 25.76
56.38

12.46
10.04
33.80

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-47.66
- 25.78
75.17

13.32
10.03
45.03

0.0
0.0
0.4

114.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-39.75
- 29.69
41.82

11.70
II.94
23.80

0.0
0.0
0.3

114.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-42.29
- 29.68
62.72

12.32
Il.93
35.66

0.0
0.0
0.4

I/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

,-44.59
- 29.69
83.63

12.87
II.93
47.53

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/5.0

100 DL

- 39.08

LL
WL
l/5.0

l/5.0

I I .55

0.0

13.43

0.0

44.66

25.15

0.2

-32.1

LL
_WL

-40.18
-32.11
66.99

II.86
13.15
37.25

0.0
0.0
0.2

200 DL
LL
WL

-42.60
-32.11
89.31

12.49
13.14
49.63

0.0
d.0
0.4

150 DL

( ~;~IrrirIwd )

134

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47 (S&T) -: 1988

TABLE

45 FOUNDATION

Column Height = 9.0 m

Span = 30.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES OF LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES-Cod

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

AXIAL

WIND LOAD

Fixed

100 DL

MOMENT

SHEAR

(kN)

(kg/m*)

(kN.m)

4cN)

Base
-

LL
WL

39.57
-25.79
34.00

17.36
15.83
28.42

- 6790.4
-6181.4
11664.7

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- 39.20
- 25.79
50.99

17.20
15.81
42.57

-6715.8
-6161.2
17445.3

I/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-37.18
- 25.79
68.03

16.63
15.68
56.46

- 6454.7
- 6075.9
23012.4

l/4.0

100 DL

- 39.99
-29.69
38.72

18.09
19.00
31.14

- 6780.0
-7113.1
12054.6

LL
WL

- 39.63
- 29.70
98.08

17.93
18.99
46.65

- 6704.3
- 7089.8
18022.2

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 39.53
- 29.69
77.43

l7.84
18.89
61.96

-6645.9
- 7025.3
23854.6

l/5.0

100 DL

-39.97
-32.11
41.75

18.22
20.98
33.05

-6608.0
- 7600.2
12332.6

- 39.55
-32.11
62.62

18.03
20.95
49.49

-6518.3
- 7564.7
18417.3

- 39.87
-32.11
83.46

18.20
21.11
66.28

- 6583.0
- 7626.4
24683.4

l/3.0

LL
WL

l/4.0

150 DL

LL
WL

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

115.0

200 DL
LL
WL

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

135

TABLE

46 FOUNDATION

Span f 30.0 m
SLDPL

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column Height 19.0

WIND

PORTAL

AXIAI

LDAD

(kg/ ml)

(kW
Hinged

FRAMES
Frame

Spacing

SIII~AH
(kN)

= 6.0 m
MOMI-SI
(kN.m)

Hasc

100 DL
LL
WL

- 53.07
-- 34.31
50. I?

14.71
13.34
29.99

113.0

I50 _DL
LL
WL

-56.79
- 34.N
7S:IX

15.59
13.33
44.95

0.0
-0.0
0.2

113.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 60.32
- 34.38
100.23

16.43
13.32
59.89

-0.0
-0.0
0.2

114.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 49.99
- 39.58
55.75

14.30
15.85
31.64

0.0
0.0
0.4

I/4.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

- 52.40
- 39.58
X3.63

14.87
15.84
47.42

0.0
0.0
0.4

I IS.0

200 DL
LL
UL

- 56.06
- 39.58
III.50

15.79
15.83
63.18

0.0
-0.0
0.1

l/5.0

loo DL
l-1.
WL

-49.32
-42.81
59.54

14.30
18.00
33.62

0.0
-0.0
0.4

l/5.0

I50 />I_
LL
WL

-51.41
-42.81
89.32

14.75
17.45
49.51

0.0
0.0
0.4

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 54.85
-42.81
119.08

15.59
17.44
65.96

0.0
0.0
0.1

I /3.0

-0 0
00
0.4

( Coflrimcd)

136

IIASI~BOOK

ON -STWI<TlHES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 471WT)

TABLE

;(6 FOllNDATION

Span = 30.0 m
SLOPE

FORCES
Column

WIND
(kg/

OF

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES-Co&

Height = 9.0 m

LOAD

Frame

AXIAL

ml)

(kN

Fixed

Spacing

= 6.0 m
MOMENT

SHEAR

-.

: 1988

(kN.m)

W)

Base

HL

- 50.04
- 34.38
45.35

21.28
20.92
37.64

- 8266. I
-8102.3
15341.3

I/3.0

I50 III.
1.1.
WI.

-49.81
- 34.38
68.01

21.20
20.89
56.37

-8215.9
-8071.8
22934.5

113.0

20

I)/.
1.1.
WI.

-47.22
- 34.38
90.76

20.36
20.69
74.71

- 7841.0
-7943.4
30205.7

114.0

loo III.
1.1.
WI.

- 50.67
- 39.58
51.62

22.18
25. IO
41.21

- 8254.2
-9318.5
15839.8

I /4.0

I50 111.

- 50.37

1.1.
WI.

- 39.58
77.43

22.07
25.06
61.69

-8186;O
- 9272.3
23652.0

l/4.0

200 111.
LL
WL

-47.12
- 39.59
103.24

2l.L9
25.1 I
82.31

-7851.9
-9280.0
31531.2

115.0

IO0 DL
LL
WL

-51.34
-42.81
55.68

22.50
27.56
43.56

- 8082.0
- 9884.6
I61 17.5

I/5.0

I50 DL
1.1.
WI.

- 46.27
-42.81
83.53

20.82
27.36
64.98

- 7443.9
- 9762. I
23935.5

115.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 47.33
-42.81
III.36

21.17
27.36
86.57

- 7550.0
- 9735. I
31823.1

l/3.0

100 DL

1.1.

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTKX

PORTAE

,FRAMES

tWithew

Tr8nes)

117

TABLE
Span = 30.0

SlSWl:

47 FOIINDATION

FOR(I;.S
Column

WIND

01; t.ATTt<E:

l.OAl)

/\\I

Hinged

LL
WL
l/3.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

Frame

Spacing = 4.5 m

MOMENT

SIII:\K

(kN)

(kN.m)

Haac

- 49.07
-25.78
41.lb

9.78
7.76
24.00

- 52.55
- 25.7H
61.73

10.34

0.0
0.0
0.4
-0.0
0.0

7.76

35.98

0.1

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL.

- 56.00
--25.78
82.29

10.93
7.75
47.97

-0.0
0.0
0.2

I/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-45.71
- 29.69
45.20

9.33
9.13
24.08

0.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

I50

-51.35
-29.69
67.7%

10.30
9.13
36. IO

0.0
0.0
~0.2

DL
LL
WL

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 55.26
- 29.69
90.38

to.94
9. I2
48.14

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/5.0

100 DL

-44.95
-32.11
47.98

9.21

0.0

LL
WL

10.01

0.0

24.65

0.4

I50 DL
LL
WL

-47.68
-32.11
71.97

-200 DL
LL
WL

-51.09
-32.11
95.94

l/5.0

l/5.0

l3R

\I

(kN)

100 DL

FRAMES

Height z 12.0 m

(kg, m-)

t/3.0

IORTAI.

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

9.65

0.0

10.00

0.0

36.96

0.4

10.24
9.99
49.24
*

0.0
0.0
0.4

PORTAL

FRAMES

( Conrinucd

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

47 FOUNDATION

Span = 30.0 m
SLOPE

WIND

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column

Height = 12.0 m

LOAD

PDRTAL

NV

Fixed

FRAMES-Co&f
Frame

AXIAL

(kg/m*)

: 1988

Spacing

= 4.5 m

SHEAR

MOMENT

&NJ

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-42.11
- 25.79
34.91

13.26
12.31
27.48

- 6653.8
-6162.2
15007.9

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-42.07
- 25.79
52.46

13.24
12.26
41.13

- 6624.0
-6122.1
22410.5

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-41.55
- 25.78
70.01

13.22
12.13
54.56

-6581.8
-6025.1
29561.9

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 39.49
- 29.70
39.64

12.87
14.31
28.92

- 6174.5
- 6850.1
14942.2

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-41.92
- 29.69
59.39

13.39
14.49
43.62

- 6437.0
- 6949.0
22624.0

114.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-40.29
- 29.69
79.32

12.97
14.11
57.37

-6178.3
-6711.4
29471.1

115.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-42.11
-32.10
42.59

L3.37
15.83
30.33

- 6250.7
- 7388.2
15283.5

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-41.55
-32.11
63.89

13.20
15.82
45.44

-6154.5
- 7363.I
22868.6

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-41.51
-32.10
65.17

13.22
15.81
60.53

-6153.8
- 7343.1
30429.4

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Withuut

Cranes)

I39

SP 47(S~i)

: Ic)BX

TABLE

48 FOUNDAl-ION

Column

Span = 30.0 m
Slswl:

EORCES

WIND

OF

PORTAL

hIAl>

AXIAL

Hinged

Frame

Spacing

= 6.0 m
MOMENT

SHEAR

(kN)

100 I)/.

FRAMES

Height = 12.0 m

(kg/ rn?

I /.x0

LATTICE

WI

(kN.m)

Base

1. I.
WI.

-61.60
- 34.38
54.x7

II.90
10.30
31.95

-0.0
0:o
0.4

l/3.0

I50 IJI.
1.1.
WI.

- 65.94
- 34.38
82.30

12.62
10.30
47.92

- 0.0
-0.0
~0.2

I/3.0

200 111.
I. I.
JVI.

- 73.89
- 34.38
109.73

13.94
10.29
63.90

-0.0
-0.0
0.2

l/4.0

100 III.
1.1.
WL

- 58.33
- 39.58
60.26

II.52
12:I2
32.06

D.0
0.0
0.2

l/4.0

I50 DL
LL
WL

-65.11
-39.58
90.38

12.64
12.11
48.08

0.0
0.0
0.1

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

- 68.47
- 39.58
120.50

13.21
12.11
64.11

0.0
- 0.0
0.2

l/5

100 DL
LL
WL

-55.76
-42.81
63.97

II.05
13.27
32.19

0.0
- 0.0
0.5

I / 5:o

150 DL
LL
WL

-60.71
-42.81
95.94
,

11.89
13.27
49.14

- 0.0
-0.0
0.4

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-67.19
-42.81
127.93

12.98
13.26
65.50

0.0
0.0
9.2
( Cor~riwrcf)

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE 48 FOUNDATION
Span = 30.0 m
SLOPE

WIND

FORCES

OF LATTICE

Column

Height = 12.0 m

LOAD

PORTAL

Frame

AXIAL

(k/m*)

Spacing

SHEAR

@N)

Flxea

FRAMES-Cot&f
= 6.0 m
MOMENT

@NJ

(kN.m)

Base

l/3.0

100 DL
LL
WL

- 53.32
- 34.37
46.64

16.18
16.25
36.43

-8071.2
- 8080.0
19782.6

l/3.0

150 DL
LL
WL

- so.97
- 34.38
70.03

15.73
16.10
54.42

- 7809.5
- 7964.1
29386.0

l/3.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-54.15
- 34.37
93.22

16.37
16.26
72.79

-8146.8
- 8064.9
39509.3

l/4.0

100 DL
LL
OWL

- 53.78
- 39.59
52.82

16.53
19.14
38.57

-7913.2
- 9138.2
19920.4

l/4.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-53.30
- 39.58
79.21

16.36
19.12
57.79

-7816.4
-9107.7
29806.5

l/4.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-54.31
- 39.58
105.76

16.41
18.68
76.10

-7781.4
-8831.4
38930.4

115.0

100 DL
LL
WL

-53.18
-42.81
56.82

16.24
20.89
40.15

- 7543.0
- 9679.2
20127.6

l/5.0

150 DL
LL
WL

-49.41
-42.82
85.28

15.42
20.63
59.78

-7127.0
- 9509.1
29828.8

l/5.0

200 DL
LL
WL

-49.91
-42.80
113.68

15.50
20.59
79.59

-7149.4
- 9470.7
39659.6

TABLE 49 CONSTANTS
BASE
CONDITION

Fixed

Hinged

HANDBOOK

OF POLYNOMINAL

EQUATION

FOR OPTIMAL

CORNER-LEG MEMBERS
SPACING (mm)

OF

Column haunch
Column base
Beam haunch
Beam crown
Column and beam
Column haunch
Column base
Beam haunch
Beam crown
Column and beam

ON STRUCTURES

width

width

LATTICE

PORTA-L

FRAMES

COEFFICIENT VALUES
A
ko

kz

k,

18.7
17.9
15.0
7.9
12.1
29.0
55.6
21.3
27;6
3.2

0.281
0.271
0.701
0.344
0.384
0.173
0.070
0.506
0.432
0.376

0.820
0.928
0.423
0.847
0.385
0.899
0.806
0.447
0.432
0.878

0.136
0.064
0.245
0.148
0.296
0.202
0.079
0.190
0.156
0.402

0.143
0.106
0.095
0.217
0.198
0.150
0.130
0.138
0.160
0.315

WITH STEEL LATTICE

RORTAL

FRAMES

(Without thnes)

141

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

50 DESIGN

Span = 9.0 m

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 4.5 m

WIND

ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

MEMBaR

PRESSURE
(kg/ m2)

DEPTH

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(0

(s)

CORNIS

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

UNIT
WT.

(cm)

km)

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

lSA/lSRO

INTER-

(kg/m*)

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100

cohlmn
Beam

45
42

21
21

5050 X 6
5050X6

WDia
1&Dia

E-Dia
1CDia

150

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

48

24
24
26
26

5050X6
5050 x 6
6060x6
6060X6

1CDia
18-Dia
lbDia
l&Dia

l&Dia
1CDia
IO-Dia
12-Dia

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column

45
42
48
44

21
21
24
24

5050X6
5050X6
5050 X 6
5050x6

14-Dia
1I-Dia
1CDia
18-Dii

36
33
39
35

50
46

26
26

6060x6
6060X6

lbDia
l&Dia

8-Dia
1tDia
l&Dia
14-Dia
l&Dia
14-Dia

200
l/4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

44

50
46

36
33
39
35
40
36

40
31

100

Column
Beam

45
42

21
21

5050 X 6
5050X6

1CDia
l&Dia

I-Dia
14-Dia

150

Column

48
44
50
46

24
24
26
26

5050 X 6
50% X 6
6060X6
6060X6

1CDia
l&Dia
1CDia
1&Dia

l&Dia
WDia
IO-Dia
14-Dia

36
33
39
35
40
36

200
Beam

13.3
13.9
15.4
13.1
13.7
15.4
13.0
13.7
15.3

Fixed Base
l/3.0
is

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

27
31

19
19

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

IO-Dia
1CDia

8-Dia
12-Dia

20
24

12.0

150

Column
Beam

5050X6
5050 X 6
5050X6
5050X6

8-Dia
12-Dia

22
24

12.0

Column
Beam

21
21
22
22

IO-Dia
1CDia

200

28
32
29
33

1ZDia
1CDii

8-Dia
l&Dia

23
25

12.1

100

Column
Beam

27
31

19
19

5050X6
5050X6

IO-Dia
l+Dia

I-Dia
12-Dia

20
24

11.8

l50

Column
&am

28
32

21
21

5050 X 6
5050X6

IO-Dh
1CDia

22
25

11;9

200

Column

29
33

22
22

5050X6
5050 X-6

12-Dia
1CDia

I-Dia
12-Dia
E-Dia
12-Dia

23
25

12.2

27
31
28
32
29
33

19
19
21
21

5050X6
5050X6
5050X6
5050 X~6

lO-Dii
1dDia
IO-Dia
1CDia

8-Dia
12-Dia
&I-Dia
12-Dii

20
24
22
25

22
22

5050 X 6
5050 X~6

l&Dia
1CDia

8-Dii
12-Dia

23
26

100

Column
Beam

150
200

Column

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

fRAMES

.-

11.8
11.8
11.8

(Without Cranes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE

51 DESIGN -RESULTS OF LATTICE

$pan = 9.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Frame Spacing J 6.0 m

Column Height = 4.5 m

WIND

MEMBER

-DEPTH

WIDTH

LACING

XACING

SPACING

(0)

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

INTER-

PRESSURE
(k&m*)

SIZE

OF

UNIT
WT.
(kg/

m2)

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
113.0

l/4.0

100

Column
Beam

47
44

24
24

5050X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
l&Dia

lO_Dia
ICDia

31
35

10.3

150

Column
Beam

50
47

27
21

6060X6
6060 X~6

1bDia
4040X6

l&Dia
14-Dia

40
31

13.1

200

Column
Beam

53
49

29
29

1575X6

1CDia
4040X6

1ZDia
14-Dia

42
39

15.3

100

Column
Beam

47
44

24
24

5050X6
5050 X 6

IO-Dia
l(FDia

31
35

1~1.6

150

Column
Beam
Column
Beam

50
41

21
27

6060X6
6060X6

13.2

29
29

6565
6565

X 6
X 6

lO-Dia
1dDia
1ZDia
1CDia

40
37

52
49

1CDii
4040X6
1CDia
4040X6
1CDia
4040X6

42
38

13.8

Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam

47
44
50
41
52
49

24
24

5050X6
5050X6

11.5

5050X6
5050X6

40
38

11.9

29
29

6565
6565

X 6
X 6

l&Dla
1CDia
l&Dia
1dDia
12-Dia
1CDia

37
35

21
21

1CDia
4040X6
1CDia
4040 X~6
1dDia
4040X6

42
39

13.7

200
l/S.0

100
150
200

1515

X 6

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

100

Column
Beam

28
33

150

Column

200

5050 X 6
5050 X 6
5050X6
5050X6

lO-Dia
16-Dia
lO-Dia
1CDia

I-Dia
12-Dia

21
26

9.0

29
34

21
21
23
23

8-Dia
1%Dia

23
21

9.0

Column
Beam

30
35

24
24

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
l&Dia

I-Dia
12-Dia

23
21

9.1

Column
Beam
Column
&am

28
33

l&Dia
18-Dia
12-Dia
1&Dia
1ZDia
1&Dia

I-Dia
1CDia
8-Dia
1CDia
I-Dia
12-Dia

9.5

23
21

9.8

30
35

5050X6
5050 X 6
5050 X 6
5050 X 6
5050 X 6
5050X6

21
2i

Column
Beam

21
21
23
23
24
24

23
28

9.6

100

Column
Beam

28
33

21
21

5050X6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
l&Dia

I-Dia
14-Dia

21
26

9.1

150

Column
&am

29
34

23
23

5050X6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
1&Dia

&Dia
14-Dia

23
26

9.1

200

Column
Beam

30
35

24
24

505006
5050 X 6

12-Dia
18-Dia

8-Dia
12-Dia

23
21

9.5

100
150
200

l/5.0

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

29
34

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

143

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

52 DESIGN

Span = 9.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS
Column

MEMBER

WIND
PRESSURE

DEPTH
(9

(cm)

(kg/m*)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m

Frame

Spacing

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(4

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

(cm)

LEG,
ISA

lSA/ISRO

ISA /TSR0

INTER-

= 4.5 m
UNIT

,k;z)

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

58
47

21
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

18-Dia
1&Dia

l&Dia
1CDia

46
37

16.7

150

Column
Beam

62
51

31
31

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
1&Dia

1ZDia
14-Dia

50
-41

24;3

200

Column
Beam

64
53

34
34

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

12-Dia
12-Dia

52
43

27.1

Beam

58
41

21
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1&Dia
1&Dia

IO-Dia
1CDia

46
38

16.5

150

Column
Beam

61
50

31
31

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

12-Dia
14-Dia

50
40

24.0

200

Column

64
53

34
34

7575 X 6
1575 X 6

4040X6
4CMOX6

.12-Dia
1ZDia

52
42

25.8

l&Dia
l&Dia

l&Dia
1CDia

46
38

16.7

loo

loo

Column
Beam

58
47

27
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

150

Column
Beam

61
50

31
31

6060x6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

l2-Dia
1CDia

50
39

22.9

200

Column
Beam

64
53

34
34

7575 X 6
7515 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

12-Dia
1CDia

52
41

25.9

Fixed
l/3.0

k/4.0

l/5.0

144

Base

LOO

Base

Beam

34
34

21
21

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

l2-Dia
1CDia

8-Dia
12-Dia

27
27

14.1

150

Column
Beam

36
36

23
23

5050X6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
ICDia

8-Dia
l2-Dia

28
28

14.1

200

Column

31
37

24
24

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
l6-Dia

&Dia
IO-Dia

29
29

13.9

100

Column

34
34

21
21

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

l2-Dia
l6-Dia

I-Dia
14-Dia

27
27

14.2

150

Column
Ekam

36
36

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
1CDia

8-Dia
1ZDia

28
28

14.0

200

Column
Beam

37
37

24
24

5050X6
5050 X 6

14-Dia
1CDia

8-Dia
IO-Dia

29
28

14.2

100

Column
Beam

.34
34

21
21

5050 X 6
5050X6

l2-Dia
16-Dia

I-Dia
1CDia

27
27

14.1

f50

Column
Beam

36
36

23
23

509x6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
1CDia

I-Dia
12-Dia

28
28

13.9

200

Column

37
37

24
24

5050X6
5050 X 6

l4-Dia
1&Dia

8-Dia
IO-Dia

29
29

14.7

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

53 DESIGN

Span = 9.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

OF LATTkCE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(D)

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,

INTER-

(kg/m*)

PRESSURE
(kg/m*)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

ISA/lSRO

lSA/lSRO

ISA

UNLT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

60
50

30
30

6060X6
6060X6

18-Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1CDia

48
41

15.9

150

Column

64
54

35
35

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
1CDia

52
43

20.8

200

Column
Beam

67
56

38
38

8080X8
8080X8

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
14-Dia

54
45

24.5

100

Column
Beam

60
50

30
30

6060X6
6060X6

18-Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1CDia

48
40

15.7

150

Column
Beam

64
53

35
35

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

14-Dia
1dDia

52
42

20.0

200

Column
Beam

67
56

38
38

9090X6
9090X6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
l4-Dia

54
44

22.1

100

Column
Beam

60
50

30
30

6060X6
6060X6

l8-Dia
4040X6

1ZDia
1bDia

48
39

15.6

150

Column
Beam

64
53

35
35

7575 X 6
7515 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

14-Dia
1CDia

52
43

19.9

200

Column
Beam

67
56

38
38

9090X6
9090X6

4040X6
4040X6

l4-Dia
14-Dia

54
43

22.0

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

35
37

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
l&Dia

8-Dia
14-Dia

27
29

11.2

150

Column
Beam

37
38

25
25

5050X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
l&Dia

1GDia
I ZDia

29
30

11.6

200

Column
Beam

38
39

21
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1CDia
1&Dia

IO-Dia
IO-Dia

30
31

11.4

Column
Beam

35
37

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
1&Dia

8-Dia
14-Dia

21
28

11.1

150

Column
Beam

37
38

25
25

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
l&Dia

l&Dia
lCDia

29
30

11.3

200

Column
Beam

38
39

21
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

14-Dia
l&Dia

IO-Dia
lO-Dia

30
31

11.3

100

Column
Beam

35
37

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dii
l&Dia

I-Dia
1CDia

27
29

11.2

150

Column
Beam

37
38

25
25

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1CDii
l&Dia

IO-Dia
14-Dia

29
30

11.6

200

Column
Beam

38
39

21
27

5050 X 6
5050X6

1CDia
l&Dia

l&Dia
12-Dii

30
31

1~1.4

100

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

145

--..

_^_

SP 47(S&T) ; 1988

TABLE

54 DESIGN

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

DF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

Column Height = 4.5 m

WIND

MEMBER

PRESSURE

DEPTH
(0

(kg/ m2)

(4

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(4

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,
ISA

INTER-

&g/ m2)

WIDTH

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

UNIT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

I/4.0

115.0

100

Column
Beam

47
48

23
23

5050 X 6
5050X6

ICDia
4040X6

l&Dia
14-Dia

31
38

13.8

150

Column
Beam

50
51

27
21

5050X6
5050X6

1CDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
ICDia

40
40

14.5

200

Column
Beam

52
53

29
29

6060X6
6060X6

1CDia
4040X6

1ZDia
14-Dia

42
42

15.9

100

Column
Beam

47
48

23
23

5050X6
5050X6

1CDia
4040X6

l&Dia
1CDii

37
39

13.9

150

Column
Beam

50
51

27
21

5050 X 6
5050X6

ICDia
4040X6

l&Dip
1bDia

40
41

14.3

200

Column
Beam

52
53

29
a9

6060X6
6060X6

ICDia
4040X6

12-Dir
ItGDia

42
42

15.9

100

Column
Beam

41
48

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

IrlDia
4040X6

IGDia
ICDia

31
38

13.8

150

Column
Beam

50
51

27
27

5050 X 6
5050X6

ICDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
ICDia

40
40

14.2

200

Column
Beam

52
53

29
29

5050x6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

IZDia
ICDia

42
42

14.4

Fixed Base
I/3.0

I/4.0

100

146

5050X6
5050X6

12-Dia
1&Dia

I-Dia
12:Dia

23
29

11.5

Column

30
39

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
18-Dia

I-Dia
1ZDia

24
30

11.5

200

Column

31
40

24
24

5050 X~6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
l&Dia

I-Dia
12-Dia

25
31

11.5

29
37

21
21

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
18-Dia

+-Dia
IZDia

23
29

11.3

Column
Beam

30
39

23
23

5050x6
5050X6

12-Dia
l&Dia

8-Dia
12-Dia

24
30

1~1.3

Column
Beam

31
40

24
24

5050x6
5050 X 6

IZDia
18-I%

8-Dia
12-Dia

25
31

11.3

100

Column
Beam

29
31

21
21

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
I&Dia

8-Dia
12-Dii

23
29

11.2

150

Column
Beam

30
39

23
23

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
1E-Dia

l%Dia
IEDia

24
30

11.2

200

Column
Beam

31
40

24
24

5050 X 6
5050X6

1ZDia
18-Dia

I-Dia
ICDii

25
31

11.5

100

200

21
21

150

150

I/5.0

29
37

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47 (F&T) : 1988

TABLE

55 DESIGN

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF
SLOpE

RESULTS
Column

WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

PRESSURE

(9
(cm)

(kg/m*)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame

Height = 4.5 m

Spacing

= 6;O m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,
ISA

INTER-

(kg/m*)

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

UNIT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS

Hinged
l/3.0

Column
Beam

49
51

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

lbDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1CDia

39
40

10.9

150

* Column
Beam

52
54

30
30

6060X6
6060X6

16Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1dDia

42
43

12.1

Column
Beam

54
56

33
32

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

&Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1dDia

42
45

13.9

100

Column
Beam

49
51

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

lf%Dia
4040X6

l&Dia
18-Dia

39
41

11.0

150

Cnlumn
Beam

52
54

30
30

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

16-Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1&Dia

42
42

11.1

Column
Beam

54
56

33
33

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

12-Dia
1&Dia

42
45

12.8

Column
Beam

49
51

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

ICDia
404&X 6

16Dia
1&Dia

39
40

10.9

150

Column

52
54

30
30

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

1ZDia
l&Dia

42
43

11.0

200

Column

54
56

33
33

6060X6
6060X6

1CDia
4040X6

12-Dia
1&Dia

42
45

12.2

200

l/5.0

100

Fixed
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

Base

100

200

I/4.0

(cm)

Base

100

Column
Beam

30
40

23
23

6060X6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
4040X6

B-Dia
1ZDia

23
31

10.5

I50

Column
Beam

31
41

25
25

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
4040X6

8-Dia
ICDia

25
33

10.3

200

Column
Beam

32
42

27
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

14-Dia
4040X6

lO_Dia
1CDia

25
34

10.6

100

Column
Beam

30
40

23
23

6060X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

I-Dia
14-Dia

23
31

10.7

150

Column
Beam

32
41

25
25

6060X6
5050X6

1CDia
4040X6

I-Dia
1CDia

25
33

10.8

200

Column
Beam

33
42

27
27

6060X6
5050 X 6

l4-Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1CDia

25
34

10.9

100

Column
Beam

30
40

23
23

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

14-Dia
4040X6

8-Dia
1CDia

23
32

10.9

150

Column
Beam

32
41

25
25

6060X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

8-Dia
1CDia

25
33

10.7

200

Column
Beam

33
42

27
27

6060X6
5050X6

14-Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
14-Dia

25
33

10.8

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

147

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

56 DESIGN

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS
Column

WIND

MEMBER

PRESSURE
(kg/ m2)

DEPTH

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m

WIDTH

Frame Spacing = 1.5 m

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(0)

(4

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

0F LACING

WT.

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,

INTER-

(kg/m*)

lSA/lSRO

lSA/ISRO

UNIT

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

100

Column
Beam

60
55

30
30

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

I8-Dia
4040X6

IZDia
ICDia

150

Column
Beam

64
58

34
34

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

14-Dia
1CDia

200

Column

67
61

38
38

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

60
55

30
30

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

100
Beam

l/5.0

48
43

16.8

52
46

21.4

14-Dia
l6-Dia

54
48

24.2

1ZDia
18-Dia

48
44

16.9
20.7

;50

Column

64
58

34
34

6060X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

LCDia
l&Dii

52
47

200

Column
Beam

66
61

38
38

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

14-Dia
ICDia

54
49

23.0

100

Column
Beam

60
55

30
30

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

18-Dia
4040X6

1bDia
l8-Dia

48
43

16.8

150

Column
Beam

64
58

34
34

6060X6
6060x6

4040X6
4040X6

IQDia
l&Dia

52
47

20.6

200

Column
Beam

66
61

38
38

1575 X 6
1575 X 6

~4040x6
4040X6

I4-Dia
1CDia

54
48

22.9

Fixed Base
l/3.0

1f4.0

100

Column
Beam

37
42

24
24

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
18-Dii

8-Dia
14-Dia

29
33

13.0

150

Column
Beam

39
43

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
I&Dii

IO-Dia
14-Dia

30
35

13.3

200

Column
Beam

40
45

27
27

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1CDia
18-Dia

l&Dia
IZDia

32
36

13.4

100

Column
Beam

37
42

24
24

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
18-Dia

8-Dia
14-Dia

29
33

12.9

Beam

39
43

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
4040X6

1CbDia
l4-Dia

30
34

15.0

40
45

27
27

5050 X 6
5050X6

l4-Dia
4040X6

l&Dia
14-Dia

32
35

15.4

150
200
l/5.0

148

100

Column
Beam

37
42

24
24

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

12-Dia
4040X6

8-Dia
l4-Dia

29
32

14.6

150

Column
Beam

39
43

26
26

5050X6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
l4-Dia

30
34

14.8

200

Column
Beam

40
45

27
27

5050x6
5050x6

14-Dia
4040X6

lO-Dh
1CDia

32
35

15.2

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

57 DESIGN

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 6.0 m

WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

PRESSURE

(0

(kg/ mz)

(cm)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

UNIT
WT.

(cm)

LEG,

ISAjlSRO

ISA/ISRO

INTER-

(kg/m*)

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
Column
Beam

63
58

34
34

6060X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

1ZDia
18Dia

50
46

15.5

Beam

67
62

39
39

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

IQDia
18Dia

54
48

18.4

Column
Ream

69
64

42
42

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1bDia
IbDia

57
50

21.6

Column
Beam

63
5R

34
34

6060X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

IZDia
18-Dia

50
47

15.3

Column
Beam

67
62

39
39

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
18Dia

54
49

17.5

Column
Beam

70
64

42
42

9090X6
9090X6

4040X6
4040X6

IbDia
18-Dia

57
51

19.7

Column
Beam

63
58

34
34

6060X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

12-Dia
4040X6

50
47

16.2

Column

67
62

39
39

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

14Dia
4040X6

54
48

18.4

Column
Beam

70
64

42
42

9090X6
9090X6

4040X6
4040X6

1bDia
18Dia

57
50

19.6

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

i/5.0

38
45

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1ZDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1bDia

30
36

11.6

150

Column

40
47

28
28

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

14-Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1CDia

31
37

119

200

Column
Beam

41
48

30
30

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

l4-Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
14Dia

38
38

11.7

100

Column
Ream

38
45

26
26

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

14Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
IbDia

30
36

11.7

150

Column
Ream

40
47

28
28

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1bDia

31
37

11.7

200

Column
Beam

41
48

30
30

5050X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1CDia

33
38

11.5

Beam

38
45

26
26

5050 X 6
5050X6

I4-Dia
4040X6

IbDia
1bDia

30
35

11.6

40
47

28
28

5050X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

l&Dia
1bDia

31
37

11.7

41
48

30
30

5050X6
5050X6

1bDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
1bDia

33
38

12.0

100

Column
Beam

loo
150

Column

200

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTKZE PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

149

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

~0 DESIGN

Span = 12.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS
Column

MEMBER

WIND
PRESSURE

DEPTH
(0
(cm)

(kg/m*)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 9.0 m

Frame

Spacingr4.5

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,

INTER-

(kg/m*)

lSA/lSRO

lSA/ISRO

UNIT

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged
l/3.0

100

Column
Beam

85
66

43
43

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1GDia
IbDia

69
52

35.5

150

Column
Beam

91
71

49
49

110110 X 8
110110x8

4040X6
4040X6

18-Dia
18-Dia

72
57

45.1

200

Column
Beam

95
74

54
54

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050X6

404oxt
4040X6

75
57

55.5

loo

Column
Beam

85
66

43
43

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

M-Dia
WDia

69
53

35.5

150

Column
Beam

90
70

49
49

MO100 X 8
110110 X 8

4040X6
4040X6

I&Dia
18-Dia

72
56

41.8

200

Column
Beam

95
74

54
54

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

75
58

54.9

100

Column
Beam

85
66

43
43

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

404&X 6
4040 X 6-

1CDia
WDia

69
53

35.4

150

Column
Beam

90
70

49
49

lOOlOOX8
1~00100 X 8

4040X6
4040X6

1kDia
4040X6

-72
55

43.1

200

Column
Beam

95
74

54
54

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

75
58

54.7

l/4.0

l/5.0

Fixed
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

150

Base

Base

100

Column
Beam

52
50

28
28

5050 X 6
5050X6

lbDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
l4-Dia

41
39

19.0

150

Column
Beam

55
51

30
30

6060X6
5050X6

I&Dia
4040X6

l2-Dia
l2-Dia

43
40

21.1

200

Column
Beam

57
53

32
32

8080 X 6
6060X6

WDia
4040X6

12-Dia
l2-Dia

46
42

24.5

Column
Beam

52
50

28
28

5050X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

KbDia
l4-Dia

41
39

18.8

150

Column
Beam

55
51

30
30

6060X6
5050 X 6

I&Dia
4040X 6

12-Dia
I2-Dia

43
40

20.8

200

Column
Beam

57
52

32
32

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

1&Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
I2-Dia

46
42

22.8

Column
Beam

52
50

28
28

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

16Dii
4040X6

IO-Dia

41
39

18.7

150

Column
Beam

55
51

30
30

6060X6
5050X6

l&Elk
4040X6

I 2-Dii
l2-Dia

43
40

20.8

200

Column
Beam

57
53

32
32

7575 X 6
5050X6

l&Dii
4040X6

12-Dia
l2-Dia

46
42

22.7

100

100

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

ICDia

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)
i
I

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

59 DESIGN

ROOF

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

Span = 12.0 m
WIND

SLOPE

RESULTS

MEMBER

PRESSURE

DEPTH
(0
(cm)

(kg/ ml)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

INTER-

(kg/m*)

ISA

UNIT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
113.0

Column

89
10

49
49

100100 x 8
1001CHlX 8

4040X6
4040X6

95
75

55
55

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050 X 6

Beam

99
18

61
61

130130 x 10
130130 x 10

100

Column
Beam

89
70

49
49

150

Column
Beam

95
75

55
55

200

Column
Beam

99
18

61
61

Beam

89
10

49
49

95
15

55
55

99
18

61
61

Column
Berm

54
53

30
30

6060X6
5050X6

IdDia
4040X6

Column
Begm
Column

33
33
35
35

8080X6
5050X6
8080 X 8
6060X6

100

&am
I50

Column

200
I/4.0

l/LO

100
150

Column

200
Beam

12
54

31.1

4040X6
4040X6

15
60

41.6

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

18
63

48.3

4040X6
4040X6

l&Dia
4040X6

72
56

30.3

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050X6

4040X6
4040X6

15
58

41.3

~30130 X 10
130130 x 10

4040X6
6060X6

4046X6
4040X6

18
61

48.1

4040X6
4040X6

l&Dii
4040X6

72
55

30.2

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050X6

4040X6
4040X6

15
58

41.1

130130 x 10
130130x 10

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
61

48.5

12-Dia
1CDia

42
42

-15.4

18-Dia
4040X6
4040X6
4040X6

12-Dia
12-Dia
i 2-Dia
12-Dia

45
45
41
45

22.1

9090X8
9090X8

9090X8
9090X8

l&Dia
18-Dia

Fixed Base
l/3.0

IOU

Baam

51
55
59
51

100

Column
Beam

94
53

30
30

5050X6
5050X6

lbDia
4040X6

1aDii
ICDia

42
42

14.6

I50

Column
Beam

51
55

33
33

1515 X 6
5050X6

18-Dia
4040X6

1ZDia
12-Dia

45
44

11.1

206

Colurun
Beam

59
51

35
35

8080 X 8
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

I2-Dia
I ZDia

41
45

22.5

100

Cnlumn
Beam

54
53

30
30

5050X6
5050X6

ICDia
4040X6

I2-Dia
IbDia

42
42

14.5

150

Column
Beam

57
55

33
33

1515 X 6
5050X6

I &Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1CDia

45
45

17.2

Column

59
57

35
35

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

I ZDia
1ZDia

47
45

21.1

150
200
114.0

l/5.0

200

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

11.1

151

.-

SP 47(S&T):1988

TABLE

60 DESIGN

Column

Span = 18.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

MEMBER

WIND
PRESSURE
(k/m*)

OF

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame

Height = 6.0 m

Spacing

= 4.5 m
UNIT

DEPTH

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(0
(cm)

(4
(cm)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

INTER-

(kg/m*)

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

ISAjISRO

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged
l/3.0

I/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

63
67

35
35

6060X6
6060X6

4040 X 6
4040X6

1rlDia
I &Dia

52
54

17.5

150

Column
Beam

67
71

40
40

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

ICDia
I 8-Dia

54
57

18.4

200

Column
Beam

70
74

44
44

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

16Dia
4040X6

57
59

22.1

100

Column
Beam

63
67

35
35

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
I&Dia

52
54

15.9

150

Column
Beam

67
71

40
40

6060X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

14-Dia
4040X6

54
~57

18.6

200

Column
Beam

70
74

44
44

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

ICDia
4040X6

57
59

21.1

100

Column
Beam

63
67

35
35

6060X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

14-Dia
4040X6

52
53

150

Column
Beam

67
71

40
40

6060X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

14Dia
4040X6

54
57

18.5

200

Column
Beam

70
74

44
44

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

16Dia
4040X6

57
59

19.5

Fixed
t 13.0

l/4.0

115.0

152

Base

17.5

Base

100

Column

41
55

28
28

6565 X 6
5050X6

lbDia
4040X6

IO-Dia
14-Dia

33
44

14.6

150

Column
Beam

43
57

30
30

6060X6
5050 X 6

16-Dia
4040x6

IO-Dia
14Dia

34
46

14.3

200

Column
Beam

45
59

32
32

6060X6
5050X6

lbDia
4040X6

I2-Dia
1CDia

36
47

14.5

100

Column
Beam

42
55

28
28

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

16Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
14Dia

33
44

14.9

150

Column
Beam

44
57

30
30

7515 X 6
5050 x 6

RI-Dia
4040X6

IO-Dia
ICDia

34
46

14.9

200

Column
Beam

45
59

32
32

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

16Dia
4040X6

1ZDia
ICDia

36
47

14.6

100

Column
Beam

42
55

28
28

8080X6
5050X6

IbDia
4040X6

I&Dia
1CDia

-33
44

15.1

I50

Column
Beam

44
57

30
30

7515 X 6
5050 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

l&Dia
l4-Dia

34
45

14.9

200

Column

45
59

32
32

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

I CDia

12-Dia
1bDia

36
47

15.3

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

4040X6

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

61 DESIGN

Span = 18.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS
Column

WINo

MEMBER

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 6.0 m

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

DEPTH

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(D)

(s)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,

ISAjlSRO

ISAjlSRO

INTER-

&g/ m2)

PRESSURE
(kg/m*)

(w

ISA

UNIT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

66
71

40
40

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
4040X6

52
57

14.7

150

Column
Beam

70
75

45
45

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

57
61

17.5

200

Column
Bea.n

73
78

49
49

8080 X 8
8080 x 8

4040X6
5050 X 6

1I-Dia
4040X6

60
63

20.4

100

Column
Beam

66
71

40
40

6565 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

ICDia
4040X6

52
57

15.0

150

Column
Beam

70
75

45
45

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040x6
5050 X 6

1GDia
4040X6

57
59

15.6

200

Column
Beam

73
78

49
49

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1I-Dia
4040X6

60
63

17.5

100

Column
Beam

66
71

40
40

6565 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

52
57

14.9

150

Column

70
75

45
45

6565 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

57
* 61

15.5

200

Column

73
78

49
49

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1I-Dia
4040X6

60
63

17.4

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

43
59

30
30

8080 X 6
5050 X 6

1I-Dia
4040X6

1GDia
14&a

34
47

11.8

150

Column
Beam

45
62

33
33

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

1ZDia
14-Dia

35
49

11.8

200

Column
Beam

47
63

35
35

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

1E-Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
14-Dia

37
51

11.8

100

Column
Beam

43
60

30
30

9090X6
6060X6

18-Dia
4040X6

l&Dia
1CDia

34
47

12.9

150

Column
Beam

45
62

33
33

9090X6
6060X6

1kDia
4040X6

1ZDia
lbDia

35
50

13.1

200

Column
Beam

47
63

35

8080 X 6

35

6060x6

4040X6

IZDia
l-&Dia

37
51

12.7

100

Column
Beam

43
60

30
30

8080 X 6
6060X6

1I-Dia
4040X6

lO-Dia
ICDia

34
48

13.4

150

Column
Beam

45
62

33
33

8080 X 6
6060X6

1&Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1CDia

35
49

13.6

200

Column
Beam

47
63

35
35

9090X6
6060X6

l&Dia
4040X6

12-Dia
1CDia

37
50

13.0

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

1I-Dia

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

153

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE

62 DESIGN

Span = 18.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS
Column

MEMBER

WIND
PRESSIIRE
(kg/ m2)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame

Height = 9.0 m

Spacing

= 4.5

DEPTH

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LA<ING

SPACING

(D)
(cm)

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LAVING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,

INTERSE(TION

(kg m?)

lSA/lSRO

ISA/lSRO

ISA

USlr

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)
Hinged
I/3.0

100
150
200

l/4.0

100
150
200

l/5.0

100
150
200

89

50

8080 X 8

4040X6

I&Dia

72

Beam

%l

50

8080 X 8

4040X6

4040X6

65

Column

95

51

100100 X 8

4040X6

4040X6

75

Beam

86

57

100100 X 8

5050 X 6

4040X6

67

Column

100

63

130130 X 8

4040X6

4040X6

78

Beam

90

63

130130 X 8

5050 X 6

4040X6

72

Column

90

50

9090 X 6

4040X6

I&Dia

72

Beam

81

50

9090X6

5050 X 6

4040X6

63

Column

95

57

9090X8

4040X6

4040 X~6

15
68

l/4.0

l/5.0

9090X8

5050 X 6

4040X6

110110X

404OX~6

4040X

Beam

90

63

110110X

5050 X 6

4040X6

71

Column

90

50

9090X6

4040X6

l&Dia

72

Beam

81

50

9090X6

5050 X 6

4040 X 6

65

Column

95

57

9090X8

4040X6

4040X6

15

Beam

86

57

5050 X 6

4040X6

67

Column

99

63

110110 X 8

4040X6

4040X6

78

Beam

90

63

110110X

5050 X 6

4040X6

70

39.8

IZDia

47
52

17.1

48
54

17.6
20.1

9090X8

5050 X 6

Column

61

36

6060X6

Beam

68

36

Column

64

38

Beam

70

100

Column
Beam

150

150
200

154

78
40.0

28.8
35.0

Base

33 .
33

100

35.2

51
63

65

200

29.0

86

58

200

45.0

99

Beam
150

31.9

Column

Column

100

30.6

Beam

Fixed
113.0

Base

Column

18-Dia
4040X6

I&Dia

I I-Dia

IZDia

5050 X 6

4040X6

IGDia

7575 X 6

4040X6

1CDia

38

5050 X 6

4040X6

l4-Dia

51
55

58
65

33
33

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

1I-Dia
4040X6

IZDia
18-Dia

41
53

16.9

%olumn

61

36

5050 X 6

18-Dia

IZDia

Beam

68

36

5050 X 6

4040X6

1I-Dia

48
54

16-9

Column

64

38

6565 X 6

4040X6

ICDia

Beam

70

38

5050 X 6

4040X6

IGDia

51
56

19.9

Column

58

33

6060X6

Beam

65

33

5050X6

47
52

17.6

Column

61

36

5050 X 6

IEDia

IZDia

Beam

68

36

5050X6

4040X6

l&Dia

48
55

16.8

Column

64

38

6060X6

4040X6

1CDia

Beam

70

38

6060X6

5050 X 6

16-Dia

51
57

21.3

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

5050 X 6

WITH STEEL LATTICE

18-Dia
4040X6

PORTAL

12-Dia
18-Dia

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE
Span = l8.0
ROOF

63 DESIGN

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

Column Height = 9.0 m

m
WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

PRESSURE

SLOPE

RESULTS

(0

(em)

(kg/ m2)

: 1988

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

(em)

LEG,
ISA

ISA/lSRO

lSA/lSRO

INTER-

UNIT

WT.
&/

ml)

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG

MEMBERS
(em)
Hinged Base
l/3.0

100

Column
Beam

93
86

57
57

150

Column
Beam

100
91

65
65

~200

Column
Beam

104
95

100

Column
Beam

150

Column
Beam

l/4.0

200
l/5.0

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

75
67

26.7

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
5050X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
72

33.8

71
71

139130 x 10
130130 X 10

4040X6
6064X6

4040X6
4040X6

81
75

40.1

93
85

57
57

8080 X 8
8080 X 8

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

75
66

24.7

99
91

65
65

110110 X 8
110110 X 8

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

78
71

30.1

104
95

71
71

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

81
77

34.4

4040X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

75
67

24.5

9090X8
9090X8

100

Column
Beam

93
85

57
57

8080X8
8080 X 8

150

Column

99
91

65
65

110110 X 8
110110 X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
73

30.7

Column
Beam

104
95

71
71

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

81
76

.34.7

200

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100

60
70

36
36

6060X6
5050X6

18-Dia
4040X6

1CDia
4040X6

48
57

14.5

63
73

39
39

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
1CDia

51
59

15.1

Column
Beam

66
75

41
41

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

14-Dia
lbDia

52
61

18.2

Beam

60
70

36
36

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

l&Dia
5050X6

1CDia
4040X6

48
56

15.5

Column
Beam

150
200
l/4.0

l/5.0

100
150

Column

63
73

39
39

6060X6
~5050X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
1dDia

51
59

15.7

200

Column

66
75

41
41

8080 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
1CDia

52
59

17.8

100

Column
Beam

60
70

36
36

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

18-Dia
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

48
57

16.0

150

Column
Beam

63
73

39
39

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

14Dia
4040X6

51
-59

16.8

66
76

41
41

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
l&Dia

52
61

18.2

200

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

155

SP 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

64 DESIGN

Span = 18.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

__

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 12.0 m

MEMBER

WIND
PRESSURE
(kg/

DEPTH
(0

m2)

(cm)

WIDTH

SIZE

OF

(B)

CORNER

(cm)

LEG,

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

LACING

LACING

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

ISA/ ISRO

lSA/ISRO

ISA

SPACING
OF

UNIT

LACING
INTER-

WT.
(kg/m*)

SE<TION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

I/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

115
92

65
65

110110 X 8
110110X 8

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

92
72

4810

150

Column
Beam

121
98

74
74

110110 X 10
110110x 10

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

96
79

55.1

200

Column
Beam

127
103

81
81

150150 X 10
150150 X 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

100
82

69.8

100

Column
Beam

114
92

65
65

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

92
74

44.8

150

Column
Beam

122
98

74
74

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

96
77

53.2

200

Column
Beam

127
102

81
81

130130 x 10
130130 X 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

100
80

62.6

100

Column
Beam

114
92

65
65

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

92
73

44.6

150

Column
Beam

122
98

74
74

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

96
79

54.0

200

Column
Beam

127
102

81
81

130130 x 10
130130 x IO

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

100
83

62.7

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

I/5.0

156

100

Column
Beam

75
74

37
37

6060X6
5D50 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

I4-Dia
l&Dia

60
59

23.1

150

Column
Beam

79
77

40
40

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1dDia
ICDia

63
61

24.6

200

Column
Beam

82
79

42
42

8080 X 8
6060x6

4040X6
4040X6

ICDia
1bDia

64
63

29.1

100

Column
Beam

74
74

37
37

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1CDia
40+X6

60
59

22.9

150

Column
Beam

79
77

40
40

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

1dDia
IdDia

63
61

24.7

200

Column
Beam

82
79

42
42

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

ICDia
1CDia

64
63

28.4

Column
Beam

74
74

37
37

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

ICDia
4040X6

60
59

22.8

150

Column
Beam

79
77

40
40

6565 X 6
5050X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

l&a
1CDia

63
63

24.6

200

Column
Beam

82
79

42
42

9090X6
6060x6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1GDia

64
63

28.3

100

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

tCDia

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

65 DESIGN

Span = 18.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 12.0 m

WIND

MEMBER

PRESSURE
(kg/

m2)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

DEPTH

WIDTH

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(0)

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

ISAjlSRO

SIZE

OF

: 1988

INTER-

UNIT
WT.
(kg/

m2)

SECTION

ISA

WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

114.0

115.0

100

Column

120
98

73
73

130130 x 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

96
79

41.1

150

Column
Beam

12-I
104

83
83

150150 x 10
150150 x 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

lop
82

52.4

200

Column

132
108

91
91

150150 x 12
150150 X 12

6060X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

104
86

61.1

96
77

40.7

100

Column

120
98

73
73

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

404OX~6
4040X6

150

Column

127
104

83
83

130130 x 10
130130 x 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

100
84

46.9

200

Column
Beam

132
108

91
91

150150 x 12
150150 x 12

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
88

62.1

100

Column
Beam

119
97

73
73

110110X 8
110110 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

96
79

36.5

150

Column
Beam

127
104

83
83

130130x 10
130130 x 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

100
83

46.7

132
108

91
91

150150 x 10
150150 X 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
87

55.0

200

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

I/5.0

100

Column

~77
79

40
40

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1bDia
4040X6

61
63

19.8

I50

Column
Beam

82
82

43
43

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

ICDia
1dDia

64
67

21.5

200

Column
Beam

85
85

46
46

9090X8
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

IbDia
16Dia

68
67

24.2

100

Column

77
79

40
40

6060X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

61
63

19.2

i50

Column
Beam

82
82

43
43

9090X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDia
1CDia

64
66

20.7

200

Column
Beam

85
85

46
46

9090X8
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

IdDia
16Dia

68
68

24.6

100

Column
Beam

77
79

40
w

6060X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

ICDia
4040X6

61
63

19.1

150

Column
Beam

82
82

43
43

9090X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

16Dia
I &Dia

64
67

20.8

200

Column
Beam

84
85

46
46

8080 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

16Dia
16Dia

68
67

24.3

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

157

SP 47 (S&T) : 1988

TABLE

66 DESIGN

Span,= 24.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

OF LATTICE PORTAL

FRAMES
Framt Spacing = 4.5 urn

Column Height = 9.0 m

MEMBER

WIND
PRE~~IJRE

DEPTH
(0
(cm)

(kg/ m2)

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

LACING
B-PLANE

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

(4

ISA

SPACING

UNIT

OF LACING

WT.

INTER-

(kg/m*)

SECTION
WITH
CORNER

LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

93
93

150

Column
Beam

98
99

64
64

100100 X-8
100100 X 8

200

Column
Beam

103
104

70
70

130130 X 8
130130 x 8

100

Column
Beam

93
93

56
56

150

Column
Beam

98
99

64
64

200

Column
Beam

103
103

70
70

100

Column
Beam

92
93

150

Column
Beam

200

Column
Beam

56
56

8080 x 8
8080 X 8

4040X6
5050X6

4040X6
4040X6

75
74

29.2

4040X6
5050X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
79

33.5

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

81
81

40.9

9090X6
9090X6

4040X6
5050X6

404Od6
4040X6

75
74

26.6

9090X8
9090X8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
79

32.1

110110X 8
110110X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

El
82

36.4

56
56

8080X6
8080 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

75
74

26.1

98
98

64
64

8080 X 8
8080 X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
78

30.0

102
103

70
70

100100 x 8
100100 x 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

81
81

34.1

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100

Column
Beam

63
80

37
37

7575 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

1CDii
l&Dia

51
64

20.4

150

Column
Beam

67
%3

40
40

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

14-Dii
18-Dii

52
66

19.6

69
85

42
42

7575 X 6
5050X6

4040X6
5050X6

1CDia
1CDia

56
68

19.5

200
l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column

64
80

37
37

8080 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

14-Dii
l&Dia

51
65

20.5

150

Column
Beam

67
83

40
40

7575 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050X6

14-Dii
l&Dii

52
66

20.2

200

Column
Beam

69
85

42
42

-6565 X 6
5050X6

4040X6
5050X6

1isDia
l&Dii

56
68

19.0

100

Column
Beam

64
80

37
37

9090X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

M-Die
4040X6

51
64

22.4

150

Column
Beam

67
83

40
40

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

14-Dii
4040X6

52
67

22.1

Beam

69
85

42
42

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
~5050 X 6

lt%Dii
18-Dia

56
69

18.8

FRAMES

(Without

200

I58

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

Clmcs)

_--.--

__.

._^______.

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE

67 DESIGN

RESULTS

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

Span = 24.0 m
ROOF

WIND

SLOPE

PRESSURE

MEMBER

(kg/ ml)

DEPTH

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

UNIT

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(0

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,
ISA

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

INTERSECTION

&8/ m2)

WITH
CoRNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

Column
Beam

91

150

Column
Beam

103

200

Column
Beam

100

63
63

99

9090X8
9090X8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040 X 6

78
79

24.4

105

72
72

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050X6

81
84

31.4

107

79

130130 x 10

109

79

130130 x 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4(woX6
4040X6

85
87

36.1

Column
Beam

96
98

63
63

8080 X 8
8080X8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050X6

78
19

23.2

150

Column
Beam

103
105

72
72

110110 X 8
110110 x 8

4040X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

81
85

28.4

250

Column
Beam

107
109

79
79

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

85
88

32.2

100

Column
Beam

96
98

63
63

8080 X 8
8080X8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
5050X6

78
78

23.1

150

column
Beam

103
LO4

72
12

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

4040X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

81
84

26.7

200

Column

107
109

19
79

130130 x 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

85
87

32.9

loo

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

66
86

40
40

9090X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

14-Dii
4040X6

52
70

17.2

150

Column
Beam

69
89

43
43

8080 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050X6

1bDii
4040X6

54
72

17.8

200

Column
Beam

71
92

46
46

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
6060X6

56
14

17.1

100

Column
Beam

66
86

40
40

8080 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

l4-Dia
4040X6

52
68

19.1

150

Column
Beam

69
89

43
43

8080 X 8
6565 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDii
4040X6

54
72

18.7

~200

Column
Beam

71
92

46
46

9090X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDii
4040X6

56
74

18.7

100

Column
Beam

66
86

40
40

9090X8
7515 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

14-Dia
4040X6

52
69

19.6

150

Column
Beam

69
89

43
43

8080X6
5050X6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
4040X6

54
71

16.5

200

Column
Beam

71
92

46
46

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
4040X6

56
74

17.6

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

1CDia
1&Dim

(Without Cranes)

159

SP ~47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE

68 DESIGN

ROOF

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

Column Height = 12.0 m

Span = 24.0 m

SLOPE

RESULTS

MEMBER

WIND
PRESSURE
(kg/m*)

UNIT

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(0

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

(4

(cm)

LEG,

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

INTER-

DEPTH

WIDTH

SIZE

OF

ISA

WT.
(kg/m*)

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

100

Column

119
107

73
73

110110x8
110110 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

96
84

42.5

150

Column

126
113

83
83

110110 X 10
110110X 10

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

100
90

48.7

6060X6
6060X6

4040x6
4040X6

104
93

55.7

200
I/4.0

l/5.0

Column
Beam

131
118

91
91

130130 X 10
130130 X 10

100

Column
Beam

118
106

73
73

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

96
84

40.6

I50

Column
Beam

126
ll3

83
83

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

100
91

47.8

200

Column
Beam

131
118

91
91

130130 X 10
l30130 x 10

6060X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
95

56.6

100

Column
Beam

118
106

73
73

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

96
84

38.1

150

Column

126
113

83
83

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

100
90

47.5

200

Column
Beam

131
118

91
91

130130 x 10
130130 x 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
94

57.4

9090X8
9090X8

Fixed Base
l/3.0

100

Column
Beam

81
90

41
41

6060X6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

ICDia
4040X6

64
72

22.3

I50

Column
Beam

85
94

44
44

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

68
76

22.8
25.0

200
Ij4.0

l/5.0

160

100

Column
Beam

89
96

47
47

9090X8
6060X6

4040X6
5050 X 6

I&Dia
ll-Dia

70
79

Column
Beam

81
90

41
41

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

64
72

23.3

1bDia
4040X6

68
74

22.6

I&Dia
I&Dia

70
77

25. I

150

Column

85
94

44
44

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

200

Column

88
97

47
47

7575 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

81
90

41
41

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

-1GDia
1040X6

64
74

22.3

100
150

Column
Beam

85
94

44
44

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

ICDia
4040X6

68
76

23.5

200

Column
Beam

88
97

47
47

7575 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

l&Dia
4040X6

70
78

26.8

HqNDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Wifhout

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE

69 DESIGN

Span = 24.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS
Column

WIND

MEMBER

PRESSURE
(kg/

m2)

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Height = 12.0 m

DEPTH

WIDTH

(D)

(4

CORNER

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,

SIZE

OF

: 1988

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

LACING

LACING

SPACING

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

ISAjlSRO

ISAjlSRO

ISA

UNIT

INTER-

WT.
(kg/m*)

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

100

Column
Beam

124
113

82
82

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

100
90

36.7

150

Column
Beam

131
119

93
93

130130 x 10
130130 X 10

6060X6
6565 X ~6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
97

43.0

200

Column
Beam

137
125

102
102

150150 X 12
150150 x 12

6060X6
7575 X 6

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

109
101

55.0

100

Column
Beam

124
112

82
82

IlOl~lOX 8
110110X 8

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

100
91

32.8

150

Column
Beam

131
119

93
93

130130 X 10
130130 X 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
95

43.4

137
124

102
102

150150 X 10
150150 X 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

109
98

48.5

4040X6
5050 X 6

100
90

32.6

200
l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

124
112

82
82

110110 X 8
110110 X 8

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

150

Column
Beam

131
119

93
93

130130 X 10
130130 x 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
94

43.2

200

Column
Beam

137
124

102
102

150150 X 10
150150 X 10

6060X6
8080 X 6

5050 X 6
6060X6

109
97

49.5

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

83
97

45
45

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

ICDia
4040X6

66
79

17.9

150

Column
Beam

88
101

48
48

8080 X 6
6060x6

4040X6
6060X6

l&Dia
4040X6

70
81

19.9

200

Column
Beam

91
104

51
51

8080 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1&Dia
4040X6

22
84

22.4

100

Column
Beam

83
97

45
45

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

16-Dia
4040X6

66
77

17.7

150

Column
Ream

88
101

48
48

8080 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
6060X6

18-Dia
4040X6

70
82

19.6

200

Column
Beam

91
104

51
51

8080 X 8
8080 X 6

4040X6
6565 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

72
85

22.9

100

Column
Beam

83
97

45
45

7575 X-6
5050 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1dDia
4040X6

66
78

18.3

150

Column

88
101

48
48

9090X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

18-Dia
4040X6

70
81

20.4

200

Column

91
104

4040X6
6565 X 6

18-Dia
4040X6

72
84

23.4

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

51
51

8080 X 8
9090X6

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

_ _ _..

SP 47(S&T)

70 DESIGN

Span = 30.0 m
ROOF

. _..-.-

____l_l-_

: 1988

TABLE

SLOPE

_.^

RESULTS
Column

OF LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES
Frame Spacingz4.5

Height = 9.0 m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

PRESSURE

V)

(B)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(kg/ m2)

(cm)

(cm)

LEG,

INTER-

&g/ m2)

WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

lSA/ISRO

ISA/I!%0

ISA

UNLT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

95
104

61
61

8080 X 8
8080 X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
83

28.0

150

Column
Beam

101
111

70
70

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

81
87

31.9

200

Column
Beam

106
116

76
76

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

85
93

38.9

100

Column
Beam

,95
IO4

61
61

9090X6
9090X6

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
4040X6

78
83

25.6

150

Column
Beam

101
110

70
70

9090X8
9090X8

4040X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

81
88

30.2

200

Column
Beam

105
115

76
76

110110X8
1lOllQ X 8

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

85
93

34.7

100

Column
Beam

95
104

61
61

8080 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6
404@X 6

78
84

25.3

150

Column
Beam

101
110

70
70

8080X8
8080 X 8

4040X6
6565 X 4

4040X6
4040X6

81
89

28.2

200

Column
Beam

105
115

76
76

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

5050X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

85
92

34.6

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

l/5.0

162

100

68
94

40

llO8OX8
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

l4-Dia
1CDia

54

40

75

21.2

8080X8
6565 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

16-Dia
l&Vi

56
79

22.0

58
81

19.2

150

Column
Beam

71
97

43
43

200

Column
Beam

73
100

46
46

7575 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
18-Dia

68
94

40
40

9090X8
7575 x 6

4040X6
6060X6

14-Dia
l&Dia

54
75

23.0

100
150

Column

71
97

43
43

9090X8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

16-Dia
l8-Dia

56
79

23.2

2QO

Column
Beam

74
100

46
46

8080 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
l&Dia

58
81

22.6

100

Column
Beam

68
94

40
40

JO0100 X 8
8080 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1eDii
I&Dii

54
74

24.0

150

Column
Beam

71
98

43
43

9090x8
8080X6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
l8-Dii

56
78

23.5

200

Cohmn
Beam

74
100

46
46

9090x8
8080X6

4040X6.
6060X6

1CDii
l&Dia

58
80

23.6

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE

71 DESIGN

ROOF

OF LATTlCE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 9.0 m

Span = 30.0 m

SLOPE

RESULTS

WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

PREsSURE

(0

(kg/m*)

(cm)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

UNIT

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(J.4

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

(cm)

LEG,
ISA

INTER-

(kg/m*)

ISA/ISRO

ISA/ISRO

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
i/3.0

100

Column
Beam

100
110

69
69

100100 X 8
100100 X 8

4040X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
505p X 6

81
87

25.0

150

Column
Beam

106
117

78
78

130130-X 8
130130 X 8

5050X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050x6

85
93

30.8

Beam

110
122

86
86

130130 X 10
130130 x 10

5050 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

90
98

35.1

200

l/4.0

/I

l/5.0

100

Column

99
110

69
69

9090X8
8080 X 8

4040X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050x6

81
88

23.3

150

Column
Beam

105
117

78
78

100100 x 8
100100 X 8

5050 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5bSOX6

85
93

26.2

200

Column

110
122

86
86

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050X6
7575 X 6

4040x6
5050 X 6

90
96

30.5

Beam

99
110

69
69

4040X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

81
81

23.1

150

Cdlumn
Beam

105
117

78
78

100100 x 8
100100 X 8

5050 X 6
7515 X 6

4040X6
5050x6

85
92

26.1

200

Column
Beam

110
122

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

5050 X 6
8080 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

90
98

31.3

100

9090X8
8080X8

86
86

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0
I

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

70
101

44
44

1OorOOx 8
8080 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1bDia
l&Dia

56
81

18.5

150

Column
Beam

74
104

47
47

100100 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

l&Dia
l&Dia

58
83

18.2

200

Colttmn
Ikam

76
107

50
50

4040X6
606tJX6

l&Dii
4040x6

60
87

16.6

100

Column
Beam

71
101

44
44

130130 x 8
9090X6

4040X6
6565 X 6

IdDia
4040X6

56
81

21.6

150

Cdumn
Beam

74
105

47
47

110110 X 8
9090X6

4040X6
6565 X 6

1CDii
4040X,6

58
83

20.7

200

Column
Beam

76
107

50
50

4040X6
6565 X 6

1kDia
4040x6

60
85

11.4

100

Column
Beam

71
101

44
44

130130 X 8
8080-X 8

4040X6
6565 X 6

1CDia
4040X6

56
80

22.4

150

Column
Beam

73
104

47
47

8080 X 8
6565 X 6

4040X6
6565 X 6

1dDia
4040X6

58
84

17.4

200

Column

76
107

50
50

9090X8
7575 X 6

4040X6
1575 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

60
87

19.6

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

9090X6
6060X6

8080X8
6060X6

STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without Cranes)

_.

163

SP 47(S&T): 1988

TABLE

72 DESIGN

Span = 30.0 m
ROOF
SLOPE

RESULTS

OF -LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

Column Height = 12.0 m

WIND

MEMBER

DEPTH

PRESSURE

(D)

(kg/ m2)

(cm)

Frame Spacing = 4.5 m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(4

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

LEG,

ISAjlSRO

ISA/ISRO

INTER-

(kg/m*)

(cm)

ISA

UNIT

SECTION
WITH

CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS

(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

I/4.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

122
119

79
79

110110 x 8
110110 x 8

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

100
95

39.9

150

Column

129
126

90
90

110110 x 10
110110 x 10

6060X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
102

46.4

200

Column
Beam

135
131

98
98

130130 x 10
130130 x 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

5050 X 6
5050X 6

109
105

53.7

100

Column
Beam

121
118

79
79

5050 X 6
6365 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

100
96

35.3

I50

Column

130
126

90
90

130130 X 8
130130 X 8

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

l&4
99

46.0

200

Column
Beam

135
131

98
98

130130 x 10
130130 x 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

109
106

53.0

100

Column

121
118

79
79

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
5050X6

100
95

35.1

150

Column
Beam

129
126

90
90

110110 X 8
110110 X 8

6060X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
5050 X 6

104
101

41.5

200

Column
Beam

134
131

98
98

110110 x 10
110110 x 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

5050 X 6
5050 X 6

109
105

47.6

ICDii

9090X8
9090X8

9090X8
9090X8

Fixed Base
l/3.0

l/4.0

100

Column
Beam

86
105

45
45

9090X6
6060X6

4040X6
6060X6

4040X6

68
85

24.2

150

Column
Beam

91
110

48
48

8080 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
6060X6

l&Dii
4040X6

72
87

23.9

200

Column
Beam

94
113

51
51

7575 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1I-Dia
4040X6

75
90

24. I

100

Column
Beam

86
105

45
45

6565 X 6
5050 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
4040X6

68
85

21.4

150

Column
Beam

91
110

48
48

9090X6
6565 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

18-Dia
4040x6

72
88

24.7

Column

94
113

51
51

7575 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
6060X6

l&Dia
4040X6

75
90

23.3

200.
l/5.0

HANDBOOK

100

Column

86
106

45
45

8080 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6060X6

1CDia
4040X6

68
84

26.1

150

Column
Beam

91
110

48
48

8080 X 8
7575 X 6

4040X6
6565 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

72
89

26.9

200

Column

94
113

51
51

9090X6
7575 X 6

4040X6
6565 X 6

l%Dia
4040x6

75
89

26.0

ON STRUCTURES

WITH STEEL LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

SP 47(S&T) : 1988

TABLE
Span =

73

DESIGN RESULTS OF LATTICE-PORTAL FRAMES

Column Height-= 12.0 m

30.0m

ROOF
SLOPE

WIND

MEMBER

PRESSURE

DEPTH
(0
(cm)

(kg/ m2)

Frame Spacing = 6.0 m

WIDTH

SIZE OF

LACING

LACING

SPACING

(4
(cm)

CORNER

D-PLANE

B-PLANE

OF LACING

WT.

LEG,

ISAjlSRO

ISAjlSRO

INWR-

(kc/m*)

ISA

UNIT

SECTION
WITH
CORNER
LEG
MEMBERS
(cm)

Hinged Base
l/3.0

114.0

l/5.0

100

Column
Beam

128
126

89
89

130130 X 8
130130 x 8

6060X6
7575 X 6

150

Colump
Beam

135
133

101
101

130130 X 10
130130 x 10

6060X6
7575 X 6

200

Column
Beam

141
139

111
111

150150 x 12
150150 x 12

6060X6
8080 X 6

100

Column
Beam

127
125

89
89

110110X 8
110110 X 6

6060X6
7575 X 6

150

Column
Beam

135
133

101
101

130130 x 10
130130 x 10

6060X6
8080 X 6

200

Column
Beam

141
139

111
111

!50150 x 10
150150 X 10

6060X6
9090 X 6

100

Column
Beam

127
125

89
89

100100 x 8
100100 X 8

6060X6
7575 X 6

150

Column
Beam

135
133

101
101

110110x 10
110110 x 10

6060X6
8080 X 6

200

Column
Beam

141
139

111
111

150150 x 10
150150 x 10

104
102

35.5

109
105

41.1

;14
112

51.0

104
99

32.0

109
106

41.0

114
110

45.9

104
101

30.2

109
105

37.0

6060X6
9090 X 6

4040X6
M)60X 6
5050X6
6060X6
5050X6
6060X6

114
113

45.5

4040X6
6060X6
5050X6,
6060X6
5050X6
6060X6
4040X6
6060X6
5050X6
6060X6
5050X6
6060X6

Fixed Base
I/3.0

l/4.0

I/S.0

100

Column
Beam

89
113

49
49

8080 X 6
7575 X 6

4040 X 6
6565 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

70
93

20.6

150

Column
Beam

93
117

53
53

8080 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
6565 X 6

18-Dia
4040X6

75
95

18.4

200

Column
Beam

97
121

56
56

8080 X 8
8080 X 6

5050 X 6
6565 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

77
98

22.4

100

Column
Beam

89
114

49
49

100100 X 8
8080 X 6

4040X6
7575 X~6

IS-Dia
4040X6

70
90

22.9

150

Column
Beam

94
118

53
53

9090X8
8080 X 6

4040 X 6
7575 X 6

18-Dia
4040 X~6

75
96

22.2

~200

Column
Beam

121

56
56

8080 X 8
9090X6

5050 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

77
96

23.7

100

Column
Beam

89
114

49
49

100100 X 8
9090X6

4040X6
7575 X 6

18-Dia
4040X6

70
92

23.4

150

Column
Beam

93
117

53
53

8080 X 6
6060X6

4040X6
7575 X 6

l&Dia
4040X6

75
95

18.9

200

Column

97
121

56
56

9090X6
6565 X 6

5050 X 6
7575 X 6

4040X6
4040X6

77
Y8

21.2

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES WITH STEEL LATTICE PORTAL FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

165

.W 47(S&T)

: 1988

TABLE

74 LACING

CONNECTION

DETAILS

ROD LACINGS
C

Fillet Weld

Rod
Size

Size

Length

(mm)

(mm)

ANGLE LACINGS
&

~Fillet Weld

Angle
Size

Size

Length

(mm)

(mm)

Thickness
of Gusset

(mm)

8 mm C$

38.3

4040X6

4.5

180

10 mm C$

40.6

5050 X 6

4.5

230

12 mm I$

53.9

6060X6

4.5

280

14 mm C$

69.2

6565 X 6

4.5

300

10

16 mm 4

86.7

7575 X 6

4.5

350

10

18 mm I$

106.5

8080X6

4.5

380

10

9090X6

4.5

420

10

100100 x 8

6.5

430

12

110110 X 8

6.5

480

12

TABLE
SIZE 0~ CORNER
ANGLE

166

75 HAUNCH

AND CROWN

SIZE OF HSFG

CONNECTION

DETAILS

NUMBER OF

GUSSET PLATE

BOLTS

THICKNESS

BOLTS
(mm)

mm)

5050x6

20

12

6060X6

20

I2

6565 X 6

20

12

1515 X 6

20

12

8080 X 6

20

12

9090X6

20

12

8080 X 8

20

12

9090X8

20

12

10010&X 8

24

110110 X 8

16

24

16

130130 X 8

24

16

110110 x 10

30

20

*._ ..^. .

130130 x IO

30

20

150150 X 10

30

20

I
J
I

150150 x I2

30

20

200200 X 12

30

20

200200 x 1s

30

20

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH. --FEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

FRAMES

(Without

Cranes)

__i__

SP 47(S&T)

TABLE
SL No.

76 BASE

PLATE

CONNECTION

: 1988

DETAILS

CORNER

CONNECTION BETWEEN STIFFENER

SIZE OF

STIFFENING CHANNEL

THICKNESS

ANGLE

AND CORNER ANGLES

L

12

DETAILS

OF BASE

.t

Size of
Weld

PLATE

BOLTS

Total
Length of
Weld/ Angle
(mm)

(mm)

lSMC

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

5050 X 6

4.5

265

20

100

12

20

6060X6

4.5

320

20

100

12

20

6565 X 6

4.5

345

24

125

12

20

7575 X 6

4.5

405

24

150

12

20

8080 X 6

4.5

430

24

150

12

20

9090x6

4.5

485

30

150

16

25

8080 X 8

6.0

425

30

150

16

25

9090X8

6.0

480

30

150

16

25

100100x 8

6.0

535

30

200

-1-6

25

10

110110X 8

6.0

590

36

200

16

32

11

130130x 8

6.0

705

36

250

-16

32

12

110110x 10

7.5

585

36

200

16

32

13

130130x 10

7.5

700

45

250

20

40

14

150150x 10

7.5

810

45

250

20

40

15

150150x 12

9.0

800

45

250

20

40

16

200200x 12

9.0

1080

56

350

20

50

17

200200 x 15

12.0

1050

56

350

20

50

NOTE-

See Fig. 8.

HANDBOOK

ON STRUCTURES

WITH

STEEL

LATTICE

PORTAL

~FRAMES (Without Cranes)

167

_--,-

\.

,
L

..,