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unit1-unit5 2mark question

The document outlines key concepts in probability, distributions, sampling, estimation, hypothesis testing, non-parametric tests, correlation, and regression. It includes definitions, properties, and applications of various statistical methods, along with questions for both 2-mark and 5-mark assessments. Each unit provides foundational knowledge necessary for understanding statistical analysis and methodologies.

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KRISHNAVENI R
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27 views4 pages

unit1-unit5 2mark question

The document outlines key concepts in probability, distributions, sampling, estimation, hypothesis testing, non-parametric tests, correlation, and regression. It includes definitions, properties, and applications of various statistical methods, along with questions for both 2-mark and 5-mark assessments. Each unit provides foundational knowledge necessary for understanding statistical analysis and methodologies.

Uploaded by

KRISHNAVENI R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I – PROBABILITY & DISTRIBUTIONS

🔹 2-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Define probability.
Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring, expressed as a number
between 0 and 1.
2. What is conditional probability?
Probability of an event A given that event B has occurred: P(A|B) = P(A ∩
B)/P(B).
3. What is Bayes’ Theorem?
P(A|B) = P(B|A)P(A) / P(B)
4. Define random variable.
A variable that takes on numerical outcomes of a random experiment.
5. List the properties of a probability distribution.
o P(x) ≥ 0

o ∑P(x) = 1

6. What is a uniform distribution?


A distribution where all outcomes are equally likely.
7. Give two applications of Poisson distribution.
o Number of phone calls per minute

o Number of defects in a wire roll

8. Define Binomial distribution.


A distribution representing the number of successes in fixed number of
trials.

🔹 5-MARK QUESTIONS
1. State and prove addition and multiplication rules of probability.

o Addition: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)

o Multiplication: P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B|A)

2. Explain the applications of Binomial distribution with example.


3. Differentiate Binomial and Poisson distributions.
4. Explain Bayes Theorem with a solved example.

✅ UNIT II – SAMPLING & ESTIMATION


🔹 2-MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is sampling distribution?
It is the probability distribution of a statistic (e.g., sample mean).
2. What is the central limit theorem?
For large n, the sampling distribution of the mean approaches normality.
3. What is point estimation?
A single value estimate of a population parameter.
4. What is interval estimation?
Range of values within which population parameter is likely to lie.
5. Define sample size.
Number of observations in a sample.
6. Mention two sampling techniques.
o Simple random sampling

o Stratified sampling

🔹 5-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Explain central limit theorem with an example.
2. Describe different types of sampling techniques.
3. Differentiate point and interval estimation with examples.
4. How to determine sample size? Explain with formula.

✅ UNIT III – HYPOTHESIS TESTING (PARAMETRIC)


🔹 2-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Define null and alternative hypotheses.
H₀: No effect or difference; H₁: There is an effect/difference.
2. What is level of significance?
Probability of rejecting H₀ when it is true (commonly 0.05 or 5%).
3. What is Type I error?
Rejecting H₀ when it is true.
4. What is a Z-test used for?
Testing means/proportions for large samples (n > 30).
5. When is t-test used?
For small sample means (n < 30).

🔹 5-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Explain the steps in hypothesis testing.
2. Differentiate between Z-test and t-test with examples.
3. When do you use F-test? Explain with a problem.
4. Explain one-way ANOVA with example.

✅ UNIT IV – NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS


🔹 2-MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is a non-parametric test?
Statistical tests not based on population parameters.
2. What is chi-square test?
A test used for categorical data, independence, or goodness of fit.
3. When is sign test used?
For testing median difference in paired data.
4. What is Kolmogorov–Smirnov test?
A test to compare a sample with a reference distribution or two samples.
5. What is Mann–Whitney U test?
A non-parametric test for comparing two independent groups.

🔹 5-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Explain Chi-square test for goodness of fit with example.
2. Explain Chi-square test for independence with example.
3. Describe Sign Test and Rank Sum Test.
4. Explain Mann–Whitney U Test with a solved example.

✅ UNIT V – CORRELATION & REGRESSION


🔹 2-MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is correlation?
It measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship.
2. What is coefficient of determination?
R² = (correlation)², shows explained variation.
3. What is rank correlation?
Spearman’s method to assess relationship using ranks.
4. Define regression.
Predicting one variable based on another using linear equation.
5. What is the method of least squares?
Minimizing the sum of squares of the residuals to find best-fit line.

🔹 5-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Explain correlation and types with example.
2. Explain simple linear regression with example.
3. Derive the regression line using least squares.
4. Explain standard error of estimate.

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