Installing a Linux System

Computer Science Department

University of Batna 2

Licence
 Plan
• Linux Installation Methods
• Virtual Installation
– Virtualization
– VirtualBox
– Installing VirtualBox
• Direct Installation of Linux
– What is Direct Installation?
– When to Use Direct Installation?
– Requirements
– Installing Ubuntu : Steps

Chapter : Installing Linux System 2

 Linux Installation Methods
• Setting up a Linux OS on a device or virtual environment
to enable its use.
• Three Methods can be used for Installing and using
Linux
– Virtual Machine (VM): Runs Linux within another OS.
– Direct Installation: Installs Linux directly on physical
hardware.
• Full Installation: Linux as the only OS.
• Dual-Boot: Linux + Another OS (e.g., Windows).
– Direct booting from a bootable device : Requires bootable
media (USB/DVD)

Chapter : Installing Linux System 3

 Virtual Installation
• Virtualization : is a fundamental aspect of modern computing,
enabling multiple OS (Host and Guest) to coexist on a single
physical machine.
– Host is the OS of the physical computer.
– Guest is the OS that is running inside the VM.
• Advantages of Virtualization
– Running multiple OS simultaneously.
– Allowing the test of a new OS, like Windows 11, without
affecting the Host OS.
– Save the VM state at any point and revert when needed.
– Enable seamless file sharing between host OS and guest OS
with shared folders and support for bidirectional clipboard
functionality.
• Oracle VM VirtualBox seems a leading free virtualization
tool.
Chapter : Installing Linux System 4
 Virtual installation
• VirtualBox : is an open-source software developed by
Oracle.
– It allows users to create and manage VMs on a host OS.
– It runs on various host OS, including Windows, macOS,
Linux, and Solaris.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 5

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Hardware Configuration

Chapter : Installing Linux System 6

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 1 (Downloading) : Select the appropriate installer
for your host OS (e.g. Windows10, MacOS, Linux, etc.).
– Visiting the official website:
» https://www.virtualbox.org/

Chapter : Installing Linux System 7

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 1 (Downloading) : Two packages are available
– Base package: consists of all open source components, it is
licensed under the GNU GPL V3.
– Extension packs: can be downloaded to extend the
functionality of the base package.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 8

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 2 (Installing) : Locate and double-click the
downloaded .exe file.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 9

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 2 (Installing): Customization
 VirtualBox will be installed in the C
directory (It can be changed).
 A shortcut icon will be created for
VirtualBox on desktop.
 An entry is created in your Start
menu.
 Network adapter allows the guest
OS (inside VM) to use the host's
network resources.
 USB option allows you to configure
USB device access for VM.
Chapter : Installing Linux System 10
 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 2 (Installing) : Proceed with the installation
– By clicking “Next” on the customization window, a Warning
Network interface option appears. Thus, click “Yes” to
proceed with the installation.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 11

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 2 (Installing) : Python core/win32api
– VirtualBox requires Python Core and win32api packages on
the Host OS.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 12

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 2 (Installing): Starting Installation
– Ready to Install wizard appears,
– Click “Install” to begin the installation.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 13

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 2 (Installing): Installation finished
– After the installation is complete, click “Finish” to
complete the installation process.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 14

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM):
– Download the Ubuntu ISO file from its official website.
https://ubuntu.com/

Chapter : Installing Linux System 15

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM):
– Execute VirtualBox from the Start Menu or the desktop
shortcut. Click the “New” button in the toolbar.
– The “Create Virtual Machine” wizard will guide user
through the setup process.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 16

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM): Introducing information
– Name for the VM (e.g., "Ubuntu VM").
– Set Type: Linux, and Version: Ubuntu (64-bit).
– ISO Image : attach the downloaded Ubuntu IOS image
file.
– Click "Next" to proceed.

Introduce the
required Info

Chapter : Installing Linux System 17

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM): Allocating Resources
– RAM Allocation
» Assign sufficient RAM for optimal performance of Ubuntu.
» Recommended:
• 2 GB (2048 MB) for basic use.
• 4 GB or more for better multitasking and performance.
» Ensure you leave enough RAM for the Host OS to avoid
slowdowns.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 18

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM): Allocating Resources
– CPU Allocation
» Assign the number of CPU cores for the VM:
• 1 Core: For basic tasks and lightweight use.
• 2 Cores or More: Recommended for better performance
and responsiveness.
» Do not allocate all CPU cores to the VM; keep some for the
Host OS.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 19

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM): Allocating Resources
– Create a Virtual Hard Disk

Chapter : Installing Linux System 20

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Creating the 1st VM): Allocating Resources
– Create a Virtual Hard Disk
» Select "Create a virtual hard disk now".
» Choose a disk format:
• VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image): The default choice, suitable for
most users.
• VHD or VMDK: Use these if you need compatibility with other
virtualization software (Hyper-V, VMware).
» Choose Storage Type:
• Dynamically Allocated: Expands as needed, saving disk space
initially.
• Fixed Size: Pre-allocates full disk space, improving
performance.
» Recommended Disk Size: At least 20 GB for Ubuntu.
• Use 30-50 GB for additional software and updates.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 21

 Virtual installation
• Installing VirtualBox
– Installation Steps
• Step 3 (Starting the Installed OS on VM): Run the OS
– After completing the setup you can see the VirtualBox
interface shows the OS installed in vbox.
– Click “Start” to run the OS.

Chapter : Installing Linux System 22