Department of Information and Technology

SESSION : 24-25

PRACTICAL FILE

NAME OF SUBJECT : PYTHON

NAME OF STUDENT : Lucky nikule
ENROLLMENT NO :
 INDEX
SR. NO NAME OF PRACTICAL

1 Practical No. 1: Install Python IDE

2 Practical No. 2: Write a simple Python program to
display a message on the screen

3 Practical No. 3: Write a simple Python program using operators:

Arithmetic Operators, Logical Operators, Bitwise Operators.

4 Practical No. 4: Write a simple Python program to demonstrate

the use of conditional statements: if’ statement, ‘if … else’
statement, and Nested ‘if’ statement.

5 Practical No. 5: Write a Python program to demonstrate the use

of looping statements: ‘while’ loop, ‘for’ loop, and Nested loop.

6 Practical No. 6: Write a Python program to demonstrate the use

of loop control statements: continue, pass, break.

7 Practical No. 7: Write a Python program to perform the following

operations on Lists: Create list, access list, Update list (Add item,
remove item), and delete list.
 Practical No. 8: Write a Python program to use built-in functions/methods
8 on the list: cmp, len, max, list, append, count, extend, insert, pop, remove,
etc

Practical No. 9: Write a Python program to perform the following

9 operations on a tuple: Create, Access, Print, Delete & Convert the tuple into
a list, and vice versa.

10 Practical No. 10: Create set, Access Set, Update Set, Delete Set.

Practical No. 11: Write a Python program to perform the following

11 functions on Set: Union, Intersection, Difference, Symmetric Difference.

*Implement a python program to perform following

12
operations on the Dictionary:

1. Create a Dictionary

2. Access Dictionary

3. Update Dictionary

4. Delete Dictionary

5. Looping through Dictionary

6. Create Dictionary from list

Practical No. 13: Write a user-defined function to implement the following

13 features: Function without argument, Function with argument, Function
returning value.

Practical No. 14
14
Write a user Define Function to Implement for following Problem: Function
Positional/Required Argument, Function with keyword argument, Function
with default argument, Function with variable length argument

Practical No. 15: Write Python program to demonstrate use of following

15 advanced functions: lambda, map, reduce

Practical No. 16: Write a python program to create and use a user defined
16 module for a given problem
 Practical No. 17: Write a python program to demonstrate the use of
17 following module: 1. Math module 2. Random module 3. OS module

Practical No. 18: Write python program to create and use a user defined
18 package for a given problem

Practical No. 19: Write a python program to use of numpy package to

19 perform operation on 2D matrix. Write a python program to use of
matplotlib package to represent data in graphical form

Practical No. 20: Develop a python program to perform following operations:

20 1. Creating a Class with method 2. Creating Objects of class 3. Accessing
method using

Practical No. 21: Write a python program to demonstrate the use of

21 constructors: 1. Default 2. Parameterized 3. Constructor

Practical No. 22: Implement a Python Program to Demonstrate 1. Method

22 Overloading

2. Method Overriding

Practical No. 23: Write Python Program to Demonstrate

23
Data Hiding

Practical No. 24: Write a python program to implement 1. Single inheritance

24 2. Multiple Inheritance 3. Multilevel inheritance

Practical No 25: Implement Python program to perform following operations

25 using panda package:

1 . Create Series from Array 2. Create Series from List

3. Access element of series 4. Create DataFrame using List or dictionary

Practical No. 26: Implement Python Program to Load a CSV file into a Pandas
26 DataFrame and Perform Operations.

Practical No. 27: Write python GUI program to import Tkinter package and
27 create a window and set its title

Practical No. 28: Write Python GUI Program that Adds Labels and Buttons to
28 the Tkinter Window

Practical No. 29: Write program to create a connection between database

29 and python

Practical No. 30: Implement Python Program to Select Records from the
30
 Database Table and Display the Result

Name of Faculty & Sign HOD

SIGN
Practical No. 1: Install Python IDE
Step 1: Choose a Python IDE

Here are a few popular options:

● PyCharm (feature-rich and excellent for complex projects)

● Visual Studio Code (VS Code) (lightweight and customizable)

● Jupyter Notebook (interactive, great for data science)

● IDLE (simple and comes with Python by default)

Step 2: Download the IDE

● Visit the official website of the IDE you've chosen (e.g., PyCharm or VS Code).

● Download the appropriate version for your operating system (Windows, macOS,
Linux).

Step 3: Install the IDE

● Run the downloaded installer file and follow the on-screen instructions.

● For VS Code, you may also want to install the Python extension for added features.

Step 4: Set Up Python (if not already installed)

● Download Python from python.org.

● During installation, check the box to “Add Python to PATH.”

Practical No. 2: Write a simple Python program to display a
message on the screen

PROGRAM NO. 1
print("Hello, world!")
print()
print("I am a student in the 2nd year of Polytechnic.")

OUTPUT

Hello, world!

I am a student in the 2nd year of Polytechnic.

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 3: Write a simple Python program using operators: Arithmetic
Operators, Logical Operators, Bitwise Operators.
# Program using different types of operators
# Arithmetic Operators

num1 = 10

num2 = 5

print("Addition:", num1 + num2)

print("Subtraction:", num1 - num2)

print("Multiplication:", num1 * num2)

print("Division:", num1 / num2)

# Logical Operators

x = True

y = False

print("Logical AND:", x and y) # True only if both are True

print("Logical OR:", x or y) # True if either is True

print("Logical NOT:", not x) # Reverses the truth value

# Bitwise Operators

a = 4 # Binary: 100

b = 2 # Binary: 010

print("Bitwise AND:", a & b) # Result: 000 (Binary AND)

print("Bitwise OR:", a | b) # Result: 110 (Binary OR)

print("Bitwise XOR:", a ^ b) # Result: 110 (Binary XOR)

print("Bitwise NOT:", ~a) # Result: Inverted bits

OUTPUT

Addition: 15

Subtraction: 5

Multiplication: 50

Division: 2.0
Logical AND: False

Logical OR: True

Logical NOT: False

Bitwise AND: 0

Bitwise OR: 6

Bitwise XOR: 6

Bitwise NOT: -5

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 4: Write a simple Python program to demonstrate the use of
conditional statements: if’ statement, ‘if … else’ statement, and Nested ‘if’
statement.
# Program to demonstrate conditional statements

# Example of 'if' statement

number = 5

if number > 0:

print("The number is positive.")

# Example of 'if...else' statement

age = 18

if age >= 18:

print("You are eligible to vote.")

else:

print("You are not eligible to vote.")

# Example of nested 'if' statements

marks = 85

if marks >= 50:

print("You passed the exam.")

if marks >= 90:

print("You scored an A grade.")

elif marks >= 75:

print("You scored a B grade.")

else:

print("You scored a C grade.")

else:

print("You failed the exam.")

OUTPUT
The number is positive.

You are eligible to vote.

You passed the exam.

You scored a B grade.

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 5: Write a Python program to demonstrate the use of looping
statements: ‘while’ loop, ‘for’ loop, and Nested loop.
# Program to demonstrate looping statements

# 'while' loop example

count = 1

print("Using 'while' loop:")

while count <= 5:

print("Count is:", count)

count += 1 # Increment the counter

# 'for' loop example

print("\nUsing 'for' loop:")

for num in range(1, 6): # Loop from 1 to 5

print("Number is:", num)

# Nested loop example

print("\nUsing nested loops:")

for i in range(1, 4): # Outer loop

for j in range(1, 4): # Inner loop

print(f"i={i}, j={j}") # Display combination of i and j

OUTPUT

Using 'while' loop:

Count is: 1

Count is: 2

Count is: 3

Count is: 4

Count is: 5

Using 'for' loop:

Number is: 1

Number is: 2
Number is: 3

Number is: 4

Number is: 5

Using nested loops:

i=1, j=1

i=1, j=2

i=1, j=3

i=2, j=1

i=2, j=2

i=2, j=3

i=3, j=1

i=3, j=2

i=3, j=3

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 6: Write a Python program to demonstrate the use of loop
control statements: continue, pass, break.
# Program to demonstrate loop control statements

# 'continue' statement example

print("Using 'continue':")

for i in range(1, 6):

if i == 3:

continue # Skip the rest of the loop when i is 3

print("Number:", i)

# 'pass' statement example

print("\nUsing 'pass':")

for i in range(1, 6):

if i == 3:

pass # Does nothing, just a placeholder

print("Number:", i)

# 'break' statement example

print("\nUsing 'break':")

for i in range(1, 6):

if i == 3:

break # Exit the loop when i is 3

print("Number:", i)

OUTPUT

Using 'continue':

Number: 1

Number: 2

Number: 4

Number: 5
Using 'pass':

Number: 1

Number: 2

Number: 3

Number: 4

Number: 5

Using 'break':

Number: 1

Number: 2

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 7: Write a Python program to perform the following operations
on Lists: Create list, access list, Update list (Add item, remove item), and
delete list.
# Program to demonstrate operations on lists

# 1. Create a list

my_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print("Created List:", my_list)

# 2. Access elements in the list

print("\nAccessing elements:")

print("First element:", my_list[0]) # Accessing the first element

print("Last element:", my_list[-1]) # Accessing the last element

# 3. Update the list

print("\nUpdating the list:")

# Add an item

my_list.append("orange")

print("List after adding an item:", my_list)

# Remove an item

my_list.remove("banana")

print("List after removing an item:", my_list)

# 4. Delete the list

print("\nDeleting the list:")

del my_list # Deleting the entire list

# Attempting to print the list after deletion will result in an error

print("The list has been deleted.")

OUTPUT

Created List: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

Accessing elements:

First element: apple

Last element: cherry

Updating the list:

List after adding an item: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']

List after removing an item: ['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']

Deleting the list:

The list has been deleted.

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 8: Write a Python program to use built-in
functions/methods on the list: cmp, len, max, list, append, count,
extend, insert, pop, remove, etc
# Initial list

my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

print("Original List:", my_list)

# 1. Using len() to find the length of the list

length = len(my_list)

print("Length of the list:", length)

# 2. Using max() to find the maximum value in the list

maximum = max(my_list)

print("Maximum value in the list:", maximum)

# 3. Using list() to create a new list

new_list = list((60, 70, 80))

print("New List created using list():", new_list)

# 4. Using append() to add an element to the list

my_list.append(60)

print("List after appending 60:", my_list)

# 5. Using count() to count the occurrences of an element

count = my_list.count(20)

print("Count of 20 in the list:", count)

# 6. Using extend() to extend the list with another list

my_list.extend([70, 80, 90])

print("List after extending with [70, 80, 90]:", my_list)

# 7. Using insert() to insert an element at a specific position

my_list.insert(2, 25)

print("List after inserting 25 at index 2:", my_list)

# 8. Using pop() to remove and return an element

popped_element = my_list.pop(3)

print("Popped element:", popped_element)

print("List after popping element at index 3:", my_list)

# 9. Using remove() to safely remove an element (check if it exists first)

if 30 in my_list:

my_list.remove(30)

print("List after removing 30:", my_list)

else:

print("Element 30 not found in the list, skipping remove operation.")

# Final result

print("Final List:", my_list)

OUTPUT

Original List: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

Length of the list: 5

Maximum value in the list: 50

New List created using list(): [60, 70, 80]

List after appending 60: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]

Count of 20 in the list: 1

List after extending with [70, 80, 90]: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

List after inserting 25 at index 2: [10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

Popped element: 30

List after popping element at index 3: [10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

Element 30 not found in the list, skipping remove operation.

Final List: [10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 9: Write a Python program to perform the following operations
on a tuple: Create, Access, Print, Delete & Convert the tuple into a list, and
vice versa.
# 1. Create a tuple

my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

print("Created Tuple:", my_tuple)

# 2. Access elements of the tuple

print("Accessing elements:")

print("First element:", my_tuple[0])

print("Last element:", my_tuple[-1])

print("Slice (elements from index 1 to 3):", my_tuple[1:4])

# 3. Print the tuple

print("Printing the Tuple:", my_tuple)

# 4. Delete the tuple

# Note: Tuples are immutable, so we cannot delete individual elements.

# But we can delete the entire tuple.

del my_tuple

print("Tuple deleted!") # This will cause an error if you try to access `my_tuple` after
deletion.

# 5. Convert the tuple into a list

my_tuple = (60, 70, 80, 90, 100) # Recreating the tuple for demonstration

my_list = list(my_tuple)

print("Converted Tuple into List:", my_list)

# 6. Convert the list back into a tuple

new_tuple = tuple(my_list)

print("Converted List back into Tuple:", new_tuple)

OUTPUT
Created Tuple: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

Accessing elements:

First element: 10

Last element: 50

Slice (elements from index 1 to 3): (20, 30, 40)

Printing the Tuple: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

Tuple deleted!

Converted Tuple into List: [60, 70, 80, 90, 100]

Converted List back into Tuple: (60, 70, 80, 90, 100)

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 10: Create set, Access Set, Update Set, Delete Set.
# 1. Create a set

my_set = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

print("Created Set:", my_set)

# 2. Access elements of the set

# Note: Sets are unordered, so you cannot access elements using an index.

# However, you can loop through the set to access its elements.

print("Accessing elements:")

for element in my_set:

print(element, end=" ")

print()

# 3. Update the set

# Adding an element to the set

my_set.add(60)

print("Set after adding 60:", my_set)

# Adding multiple elements to the set

my_set.update([70, 80, 90])

print("Set after adding [70, 80, 90]:", my_set)

# Removing an element (safe method)

my_set.discard(20)

print("Set after discarding 20 (if present):", my_set)

# Removing an element (raises error if not present)

my_set.remove(30) # Be cautious, as it raises KeyError if element is absent

print("Set after removing 30:", my_set)

# 4. Delete the set

del my_set

print("Set deleted!")
OUTPUT

Created Set: {50, 20, 40, 10, 30}

Accessing elements:

50 20 40 10 30

Set after adding 60: {50, 20, 40, 10, 60, 30}

Set after adding [70, 80, 90]: {70, 10, 80, 20, 90, 30, 40, 50, 60}

Set after discarding 20 (if present): {70, 10, 80, 90, 30, 40, 50, 60}

Set after removing 30: {70, 10, 80, 90, 40, 50, 60}

Set deleted!

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 11: Write a Python program to perform the following functions
on Set: Union, Intersection, Difference, Symmetric Difference2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

# Perform set operations

union_set = set1.union(set2) # Union
intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2) # Intersection
difference_set = set1.difference(set2) # Difference (elements in set1 but not in
set2)
symmetric_difference_set = set1.symmetric_difference(set2) # Symmetric
Difference

# Display results
print("Set 1:", set1)
print("Set 2:", set2)
print("Union:", union_set)
print("Intersection:", intersection_set)
print("Difference (Set1 - Set2):", difference_set)
print("Symmetric Difference:", symmetric_difference_set)

OUTPUT
Set 1: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Set 2: {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Union: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Intersection: {4, 5}
Difference (Set1 - Set2): {1, 2, 3}
Symmetric Difference: {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
Practical No. 12: Write a Python program to perform the following operations
on the Dictionary: Create, Access, Update, Delete, Looping through the
Dictionary, and Create a Dictionary from the list.
# Creating a dictionary
student_info = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20, "course": "Computer Science"}
print("Initial Dictionary:", student_info)
# Accessing values in a dictionary
print("Name:", student_info["name"]) # Accessing value by key
# Updating a dictionary
student_info["age"] = 21 # Updating an existing key
student_info["grade"] = "A" # Adding a new key-value pair
print("Updated Dictionary:", student_info)
# Deleting items in a dictionary
del student_info["course"] # Deleting a key-value pair
print("Dictionary after deletion:", student_info)
# Looping through the dictionary
print("Dictionary items:")
for key, value in student_info.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
# Creating a dictionary from a list
keys = ["name", "age", "grade"]
values = ["Bob", 22, "B"]
new_dict = dict(zip(keys, values))
print("Dictionary from List:", new_dict)

OUTPUT
Initial Dictionary: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Computer Science'}
Name: Alice
Updated Dictionary: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 21, 'course': 'Computer Science',
'grade': 'A'}
Dictionary after deletion: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 21, 'grade': 'A'}
Dictionary items:
name: Alice
age: 21
grade: A
Dictionary from List: {'name': 'Bob', 'age': 22, 'grade': 'B'}
Process finished with exit code 0
Practical No. 13: Write a user-defined function to implement the
following features: Function without argument, Function with
argument, Function returning value.
# Function without argument

def greet():

print("Hello! Welcome to Python programming.")

# Function with argument

def greet_person(name):

print(f"Hello, {name}! Welcome to Python programming.")

# Function returning value

def add_numbers(a, b):

return a + b

# Calling the functions

greet() # Calls function without argument

greet_person("Alice") # Calls function with argument

result = add_numbers(5, 3) # Calls function returning value

print("Sum:", result)

OUTPUT

Hello! Welcome to Python programming.

Hello, Alice! Welcome to Python programming.

Sum: 8

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 14 Write a user Define Function to Implement for
following Problem: Function Positional/Required Argument,
Function with keyword argument, Function with default argument,
Function with variable length argument

# Function with positional/required arguments

def multiply(a, b):

return a * b

print("Multiplication:", multiply(4, 5)) # Requires two arguments

# Function with keyword arguments

def introduce(name, age):

print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")

introduce(age=25, name="Alice") # Using keyword arguments

# Function with default arguments

def greet(name="Guest"):

print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet() # Uses default value

greet("Bob") # Overrides default value

# Function with variable-length arguments

def add_numbers(*numbers):

return sum(numbers)

print("Sum:", add_numbers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) # Accepts any number of arguments

OUTPUT

My name is Alice and I am 25 years old.

Hello, Guest!
Hello, Bob!

Sum: 15

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical 15 Write Python program to demonstrate use of following
advanced functions:
1. lambda 2. map 3. reduce
from functools import reduce

# 1. Using lambda (anonymous function)

square = lambda x: x ** 2
print("Square of 5:", square(5))

# 2. Using map() to apply a function to each item in a list

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared_numbers = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers))
print("Squared numbers:", squared_numbers)

# 3. Using reduce() to perform cumulative operations

sum_of_numbers = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, numbers)
print("Sum of numbers:", sum_of_numbers

OUTPUT
Square of 5: 25
Squared numbers: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
Sum of numbers: 15
Process finished with exit code 0
Practical No. 16: Write a python program to create and use a
user defined module for a given problem
# User-defined module (math_operations.py equivalent)

# Define mathematical functions

def add(a, b):

"""Function to add two numbers."""

return a + b

def subtract(a, b):

"""Function to subtract one number from another."""

return a - b

def multiply(a, b):

"""Function to multiply two numbers."""

return a * b

def divide(a, b):

"""Function to divide two numbers."""

if b != 0:

return a / b

else:

return "Cannot divide by zero"

def square(n):

"""Function to find the square of a number."""

return n ** 2
# ------------------------------

# Main program using the module

# ------------------------------

# Using the module functions

num1, num2 = 10, 5

print("Addition:", add(num1, num2))

print("Subtraction:", subtract(num1, num2))

print("Multiplication:", multiply(num1, num2))

print("Division:", divide(num1, num2))

# Using the additional square function

print("Square of", num1, ":", square(num1))

OUTPUT

Addition: 15

Subtraction: 5

Multiplication: 50

Division: 2.0

Square of 10 : 100

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 17: Write a python program to demonstrate the use of
following
module: 1. Math module 2. Random module 3. OS module
import math

import random

import os

# 1. Using Math module

print("Math Module Demonstration:")

print("Square root of 16:", math.sqrt(16))

print("Value of Pi:", math.pi)

print("Cosine of 0 degrees:", math.cos(math.radians(0)))

print("Factorial of 5:", math.factorial(5))

print("\nRandom Module Demonstration:")

# 2. Using Random module

print("Random integer between 1 and 10:", random.randint(1, 10))

print("Random floating number between 0 and 1:", random.random())

sample_list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print("Random choice from list:", random.choice(sample_list))

random.shuffle(sample_list)

print("Shuffled list:", sample_list)

print("\nOS Module Demonstration:")

# 3. Using OS module

print("Current working directory:", os.getcwd())

print("List of files in current directory:", os.listdir())

print("User's home directory:", os.path.expanduser("~"))

OUTPUT

Math Module Demonstration:

Square root of 16: 4.0

Value of Pi: 3.141592653589793

Cosine of 0 degrees: 1.0

Factorial of 5: 120

Random Module Demonstration:

Random integer between 1 and 10: 1

Random floating number between 0 and 1: 0.4777014674571397

Random choice from list: apple

Shuffled list: ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']

OS Module Demonstration:

Current working directory: C:\Users\USER\PycharmProjects\PythonProject6

List of files in current directory: ['.idea', '.venv', 'cha.py']

User's home directory: C:\Users\USER

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 18: Write python program to create and use a user
defined package
for a given problem
# ------------------------------
# Creating a User-Defined Package
# ------------------------------

# Math Operations Module

def add(a, b):
"""Function to add two numbers."""
return a + b

def subtract(a, b):

"""Function to subtract two numbers."""
return a - b

def multiply(a, b):

"""Function to multiply two numbers."""
return a * b

def divide(a, b):

"""Function to divide two numbers."""
if b != 0:
 return a / b
else:
return "Cannot divide by zero"

# String Operations Module

def to_upper(text):
"""Function to convert text to uppercase."""
return text.upper()

def to_lower(text):
"""Function to convert text to lowercase."""
return text.lower()

# ------------------------------
# Using the Package Functions
# ------------------------------

# Using Math Functions

num1, num2 = 10, 5
print("Addition:", add(num1, num2))
print("Subtraction:", subtract(num1, num2))
print("Multiplication:", multiply(num1, num2))
print("Division:", divide(num1, num2))

# Using String Functions

text = "Hello World"
print("Uppercase:", to_upper(text))
print("Lowercase:", to_lower(text))

OUTPUT
Addition: 15
Subtraction: 5
Multiplication: 50
Division: 2.0
Uppercase: HELLO WORLD
Lowercase: hello world
Practical No. 19: Write a python program to use of numpy package
to perform operation on 2D matrix. Write a python program to use
of matplotlib package to represent data in graphical form
import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# ------------------------------

# NumPy - 2D Matrix Operations

# ------------------------------

# Creating two 2D matrices

matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])

matrix2 = np.array([[9, 8, 7], [6, 5, 4], [3, 2, 1]])

print("Matrix 1:")

print(matrix1)

print("\nMatrix 2:")

print(matrix2)

# Matrix Addition

matrix_sum = np.add(matrix1, matrix2)

print("\nMatrix Addition:")

print(matrix_sum)

# Matrix Multiplication

matrix_product = np.dot(matrix1, matrix2)

print("\nMatrix Multiplication:")

print(matrix_product)
# Transpose of a Matrix

matrix_transpose = np.transpose(matrix1)

print("\nTranspose of Matrix 1:")

print(matrix_transpose)

# ------------------------------

# Matplotlib - Graphical Representation

# ------------------------------

# Sample data for plotting

x = np.arange(1, 6)

y = np.array([2, 4, 6, 8, 10])

plt.plot(x, y, marker='o', linestyle='-', color='blue', label="Linear Growth")

# Customizing the plot

plt.xlabel("X-axis")

plt.ylabel("Y-axis")

plt.title("Simple Line Plot using Matplotlib")

plt.legend()

plt.grid()

# Display the plot

plt.show()

OUTPUT

Matrix 1:
[[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]

[7 8 9]]

Matrix 2:

[[9 8 7]

[6 5 4]

[3 2 1]]

Matrix Addition:

[[10 10 10]

[10 10 10]

[10 10 10]]

Matrix Multiplication:

[[ 30 24 18]

[ 84 69 54]

[138 114 90]]

Transpose of Matrix 1:

[[1 4 7]

[2 5 8]

[3 6 9]]
Practical No. 20: Develop a python program to perform following
operations:
1. Creating a Class with method 2. Creating Objects of class
3. Accessing method using object
# Creating a class with a method

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, age):

"""Constructor to initialize Student attributes"""

self.name = name

self.age = age

def display_info(self):

"""Method to display student's information"""

print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")

# Creating objects of the class

student1 = Student("Alice", 20)

student2 = Student("Bob", 22)

# Accessing methods using objects

student1.display_info()

student2.display_info()

OUTPUT

Name: Alice, Age: 20

Name: Bob, Age: 22

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 21: Write a python program to demonstrate the use of
constructors:
1Default 2. Parameterized 3. Constructor Overloading
class Student:
# Default Constructor

def __init__(self):

self.name = "Unknown"

self.age = 0

def display_info(self):

print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")

# Using Default Constructor

student1 = Student()

student1.display_info()

class Person:

# Parameterized Constructor

def __init__(self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

def display_info(self):

print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")

# Using Parameterized Constructor

person1 = Person("Alice", 25)

person1.display_info()

class Example:

# Constructor Overloading using default values

def __init__(self, a=None, b=None):

if a is not None and b is not None:

 self.value = a + b

elif a is not None:

self.value = a

else:

self.value = 0

def display_value(self):

print(f"Value: {self.value}")

# Using Constructor Overloading

example1 = Example()

example2 = Example(5)

example3 = Example(5, 10)

example1.display_value()

example2.display_value()

example3.display_value()

OUTPUT

Name: Unknown, Age: 0

Name: Alice, Age: 25
Value: 0
Value: 5
Value: 15

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 22: Implement a python program to demonstrate
Me class Example:
# Method Overloading using default arguments

def add(self, a, b, c=0):

return a + b + c

class Parent:

def show(self):

return "Parent class method"

class Child(Parent):

# Method Overriding

def show(self):

return "Child class method"

# Method Overloading

obj1 = Example()

print(obj1.add(10, 20)) # Calls add with 2 arguments

print(obj1.add(10, 20, 30)) # Calls add with 3 arguments

# Method Overriding

obj2 = Child()

print(obj2.show()) # Calls overridden method in Child classthod Overloading 2. Method

Overriding

OUTPUT

30

60

Child class method

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 23: Write python program to demonstrate data hiding
class Example:

def __init__(self):

self.public_var = "I am public"

self.__private_var = "I am private" # Private variable

def show(self):

return f"Public: {self.public_var}, Private: {self.__private_var}"

def update_private(self, value):

self.__private_var = value

# Creating object

obj = Example()

print(obj.show())

# Attempting to access private variable directly (will cause error)

# print(obj.__private_var) # Uncommenting this line will raise AttributeError

# Accessing private variable indirectly

obj.update_private("Updated private data")

print(obj.show())

OUTPUT

Public: I am public, Private: I am private

Public: I am public, Private: Updated private data

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 24: Write a python program to implement
Single inheritance 2. Multiple Inheritance 3. Multilevel inheritance
# Single Inheritance: Child class inherits from Parent class
class Parent:
def func1(self):
return "Function in Parent class"

class Child(Parent):
def func2(self):
return "Function in Child class"

# Multiple Inheritance: Child class inherits from two parent classes

class Parent1:
def funcA(self):
return "Function in Parent1 class"

class Parent2:
def funcB(self):
return "Function in Parent2 class"

class ChildMultiple(Parent1, Parent2):

def funcC(self):
return "Function in ChildMultiple class"

# Multilevel Inheritance: Child inherits from Parent, which inherits from

Grandparent
class Grandparent:
def funcX(self):
return "Function in Grandparent class"

class ParentMulti(Grandparent):
def funcY(self):
return "Function in ParentMulti class"

class ChildMulti(ParentMulti):
def funcZ(self):
return "Function in ChildMulti class"

# Demonstration of Inheritance Types

print("Single Inheritance:")
obj1 = Child()
print(obj1.func1()) # Inherited from Parent
print(obj1.func2()) # Child's own method

print("\nMultiple Inheritance:")
obj2 = ChildMultiple()
print(obj2.funcA()) # Inherited from Parent1
print(obj2.funcB()) # Inherited from Parent2
print(obj2.funcC()) # Child's own method

print("\nMultilevel Inheritance:")
obj3 = ChildMulti()
print(obj3.funcX()) # Inherited from Grandparent
print(obj3.funcY()) # Inherited from ParentMulti
print(obj3.funcZ()) # Child's own method

OUTPUT
Multilevel Inheritance:
Function in Grandparent class
Function in ParentMulti class
Function in ChildMulti class

Process finished with exit code 0

Practical No. 25: Implement Python program to perform following
operations using panda package: 1. Create Series from Array 2.
Create Series from List 3. Access element of series 4. Create
DataFrame using List or dictionary

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np # Importing NumPy for array creation

# 1. Create Series from an Array

array_data = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])

series_from_array = pd.Series(array_data)

print("Series from Array:\n", series_from_array)

# 2. Create Series from a List

list_data = [100, 200, 300, 400]

series_from_list = pd.Series(list_data)

print("\nSeries from List:\n", series_from_list)

# 3. Access elements of a Series

print("\nAccessing element at index 2 from Series (Array-based):", series_from_array[2])

print("Accessing element at index 1 from Series (List-based):", series_from_list[1])

# 4. Create DataFrame using a List

list_dataframe = pd.DataFrame([[1, 'Alice', 25], [2, 'Bob', 30], [3, 'Charlie', 35]],

columns=['ID', 'Name', 'Age'])

print("\nDataFrame from List:\n", list_dataframe)

# 5. Create DataFrame using a Dictionary

dict_dataframe = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [101, 102, 103],

'Name': ['John', 'Jane', 'Jake'],

'Salary': [50000, 60000, 70000]})

print("\nDataFrame from Dictionary:\n", dict_dataframe)

OUTPUT

Series from Array:

0 10

1 20

2 30

3 40

dtype: int32

Series from List:

0 100

1 200

2 300

3 400

dtype: int64

Accessing element at index 2 from Series (Array-based): 30

Accessing element at index 1 from Series (List-based): 200

DataFrame from List:

ID Name Age

0 1 Alice 25

1 2 Bob 30

2 3 Charlie 35

DataFrame from Dictionary:

ID Name Salary

0 101 John 50000

1 102 Jane 60000

2 103 Jake 70000

Practical No. 26: Implement python program to load a CSV file into
a Pandas
DataFrame and perform operations.
import pandas as pd

# Load CSV file into a DataFrame

df = pd.read_csv('data.csv') # Replace 'data.csv' with your file path

# Display first 5 rows

print("\nFirst 5 rows:\n", df.head())

# Display column names

print("\nColumn names:", df.columns)

# Basic statistics of numerical columns

print("\nStatistical Summary:\n", df.describe())

# Filter data (example: selecting rows where 'Age' > 25)

filtered_data = df[df['Age'] > 25] # Replace 'Age' with actual column name

print("\nFiltered Data:\n", filtered_data)

# Sorting data by a column

sorted_data = df.sort_values(by='Salary', ascending=False) # Replace 'Salary' with actual

column name

print("\nSorted Data:\n", sorted_data)

# Handling missing values (filling with mean value)

df.fillna(df.mean(numeric_only=True), inplace=True)

print("\nData after handling missing values:\n", df.head())

OUTPUT

First 5 rows:

ID Name Age Salary

0 1 Alice 30.0 50000

1 2 Bob 22.0 40000

2 3 Charlie 28.0 60000

3 4 David 35.0 55000

4 5 Eve NaN 62000 # NaN indicates missing value

Column names: Index(['ID', 'Name', 'Age', 'Salary'], dtype='object')

Statistical Summary:

ID Age Salary

count 5.00000 4.000000 5.000000

mean 3.00000 28.75 53400.000000

std 1.58114 5.685527 8726.080

min 1.00000 22.000000 40000.000000

max 5.00000 35.000000 62000.000000

Filtered Data (Age > 25):

ID Name Age Salary

0 1 Alice 30.0 50000

2 3 Charlie 28.0 60000

3 4 David 35.0 55000

Sorted Data (Descending by Salary):

ID Name Age Salary

4 5 Eve NaN 62000

2 3 Charlie 28.0 60000

3 4 David 35.0 55000

0 1 Alice 30.0 50000

1 2 Bob 22.0 40000

Data after handling missing values:

ID Name Age Salary

0 1 Alice 30.0 50000

1 2 Bob 22.0 40000

2 3 Charlie 28.0 60000

3 4 David 35.0 55000

4 5 Eve 28.75 62000 # Missing Age replaced by mean (28.75)

Practical No. 27: Write python GUI program to import Tkinter
package and
create a window and set its title
import tkinter as tk

# Create main window

window = tk.Tk()

# Set window title

window.title("My First Tkinter Window")

# Set window size

window.geometry("400x300") # Width x Height

# Run the Tkinter event loop

window.mainloop()

OUTPUT

+--------------------------------------+

| My First Tkinter Window | <-- Title

|--------------------------------------|

| |

| (Empty Tkinter Window) |

| |

| |
Practical No. 28: Write python GUI program that adds labels and
buttons to the
Tkinter window

import tkinter as tk

# Create main window

window = tk.Tk()

# Set window properties

window.title("Tkinter GUI Example")

window.geometry("400x300") # Width x Height

# Create a label

label = tk.Label(window, text="Welcome to My Tkinter Window!", font=("Arial", 14))

label.pack(pady=20) # Adds space around label

# Function for button click action

def on_button_click():

label.config(text="Button Clicked!") # Update label text

# Create a button

button = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me", command=on_button_click)

button.pack(pady=10) # Adds space around button

# Run the Tkinter event loop

window.mainloop()

OUTPUT
+--------------------------------------+

| Tkinter GUI Example | <-- Title

|--------------------------------------|

| |

| Welcome to My Tkinter Window! | <-- Label

| |

| [ Click Me ] | <-- Button

| |

+--------------------------------------+
Practical No. 29: Write program to create a connection between
database and Python import sqlite3

# Create or connect to a database

connection = sqlite3.connect("my_database.db") # Creates a database file

# Create a cursor object to interact with the database

cursor = connection.cursor()

# Create a table

cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (

id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

name TEXT,

age INTEGER

)''')

# Insert data into the table

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 22)")

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Bob', 25)")

# Commit changes

connection.commit()

# Fetch and display data

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")

rows = cursor.fetchall()

print("\nStudents Table:")

for row in rows:

 print(row)

# Close the connection

connection.close()

OUTPUT

Students Table:

(1, 'Alice', 22)

(2, 'Bob', 25)

Practical No. 30: Implement python program to select records from
the database
table and display the result

import sqlite3

# Connect to the database (or create it if it doesn't exist)

conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')

cursor = conn.cursor()

# Create a table (if it doesn't exist)

cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (

id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,

name TEXT,

age INTEGER

)''')

# Insert sample data

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 22)")

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Bob', 24)")

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Charlie', 23)")

conn.commit()

# Select records from the table

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")

rows = cursor.fetchall()

# Display the results

print("Student Records:")

for row in rows:

print(row)

# Close the connection

conn.close()

OUTPUT

Student Records:

(1, 'Alice', 22)

(2, 'Bob', 24)

(3, 'Charlie', 23)

By Chaitanya