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Advanced Encryption Standard

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that secures data in 128-bit blocks using key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits, making it more secure and efficient than DES. It processes data through a series of rounds involving transformations and is widely used in applications like WhatsApp for end-to-end encryption. AES is known for its high security, speed, and broad adoption in various sectors including government and banking.

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19 views3 pages

Advanced Encryption Standard

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that secures data in 128-bit blocks using key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits, making it more secure and efficient than DES. It processes data through a series of rounds involving transformations and is widely used in applications like WhatsApp for end-to-end encryption. AES is known for its high security, speed, and broad adoption in various sectors including government and banking.

Uploaded by

Tanisha Waichal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

1. What is AES?

 AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm used to secure data.


 It encrypts data in blocks of 128 bits using key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits.
 It is widely used for secure communication.

2. Why is AES required over DES?

 DES has a small key size (56-bit), making it vulnerable to brute-force attacks.
 AES has larger key sizes (128, 192, or 256-bit), making it more secure.
 AES is faster and more efficient than DES.

3. How does AES work?

 AES processes data in a 4×4 matrix (State matrix).


 It undergoes multiple rounds of transformations based on key size:
o 128-bit key → 10 rounds
o 192-bit key → 12 rounds
o 256-bit key → 14 rounds

AES Rounds

1. SubBytes
2. ShiftRows
3. MixColumns
4. AddRoundKey
4. Example of AES

Let's encrypt "HELLO123WORLD456" (16 bytes).

 Step 1: Convert into a 4×4 matrix (State Matrix).

H E L L
O 1 2 3
W O R L
D 4 5 6

 Step 2: Apply AES rounds (SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, AddRoundKey).


 Step 3: After encryption, the output will be a new encrypted 4×4 matrix.

Decryption follows the reverse process using Inverse SubBytes, Inverse ShiftRows, and Inverse
MixColumns.
5. Advantages of AES

✔ Highly secure – Large key sizes make brute-force attacks impractical.

✔ Fast and efficient – Works well in both hardware and software.

✔ Widely used – Used in government, banking, and messaging apps.

6. Application of AES – WhatsApp

 WhatsApp uses AES-256 for end-to-end encryption to secure messages.


 When a user sends a message, AES encrypts it before transmission.
 Only the receiver has the decryption key, ensuring no one, not even WhatsApp, can read the
message.
 AES secures chats, calls, and media sent over WhatsApp.

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