Z3TA+ 2 User Guide

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Table of contents
Z3TA+ Waveshaping Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Interacting with Z3TA+: Graphical User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Main pages and sub-pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Top panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Preview Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Program menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Options menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Using the controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Master section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Signal flow chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 The Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Waveshaping Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 X-Y Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Shaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 LFOs (Low Frequency Oscillators) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 EGs (Envelope Generators) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 The Modulation Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Arpeggiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Equalizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Limiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Effect routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Programs and Banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

MIDI Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Copy and Paste functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 LICENSE AGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table of contents

Z3TA+ Waveshaping Synthesizer

Thank you very much for choosing Z3TA+! We have worked hard to make Z3TA+ sound great and look great. We packed in a lot of features but tried to keep the interface clean, simple, and intuitive. As a result, you should be able to find your way around without the documentation. However, there are some very complex and detailed features in Z3TA+, so we strongly recommend reading this manual to get an in-depth understanding of what Z3TA+ is capable of.

Interacting with Z3TA+: Graphical User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Using the controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Programs and Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 MIDI Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Copy and Paste functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

5 Z3TA+ Waveshaping Synthesizer

6 Z3TA+ Waveshaping Synthesizer

Interacting with Z3TA+: Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Figure 1.

Z3TA+ interface

See: Using the controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Programs and Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 MIDI Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Copy and Paste functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Main pages and sub-pages

Here's a description of the Z3TA+ interface: Two main pages: Synth and Effects Numerous sub-pages for specific components When Z3TA+ starts, it displays the Synth page. Use the Effects button to toggle between the Synth and Effects pages. The Synth and Effects main pages contain several sub-pages for every component. For example, to switch between the six oscillators (and the oscillators Performance page), use the Oscillator page buttons (1-6). When you change pages, the controls show the settings for the corresponding oscillator. The same applies to filters, LFOs, EGs and delays. The powerful Modulation Matrix lets you link any modulation source to almost any synthesizer and effects parameter.

Top panel
Figure 2. Header section

The top panel has the controls for program and bank selection. The currently selected program name is displayed in the Program Selector. To browse through the programs, click the current program name and select a program from the pop-up menu, or click the Increment/Decrement buttons. See Programs and Banks on page 60 for more information on using programs and banks.

Preview Ribbon
Figure 3. Preview Ribbon

Z3TA+ features the unique Cakewalk Preview Ribbon, which allows you to preview programs by clicking and dragging on it. The Preview Ribbon, at the bottom of the screen, plays different note velocities as you click higher or lower within the ribbon. The ribbon sends MIDI Note-On/Note-Off messages with velocity to the host when Z3TA+ is used as VSTi, so those events can be recorded in real time if the host supports that feature. The number of notes being played (polyphony) is shown in the Voices indicator in the Master section. The ribbon is very useful to set release times, performing a glissando by dragging the mouse over it. The preview ribbon can also be hidden to reduce the size of the UI by selecting Hide Preview Ribbon in the Options menu.

8 Interacting with Z3TA+: Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Program menu
Figure 4. Program menu button

Command
Initialize Copy Paste Paste Special (synth) Paste Special (effects) Load Program File Save Program File Browse Programs Import (.fxb) Import (.128) Table 1.

Description
Resets all parameters to default Copies the programs parameters Pastes the programs parameters Pastes part of the synth section of the preset Pastes part of the effects section of the preset Launches Explorer for users to load a .fxp Launches Explorer for users to save a .fxp Launches Explorer Allows importing of .fxp banks Allows importing of .128 banks

Program menu commands

9 Interacting with Z3TA+: Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Options menu
Figure 5. Options menu button

Command
Velocity Curve Show MIDI Configuration File Real-time Quality Off-line Quality Render Mode Precision

Description
Sets the velocity curve response Shows the MIDI configuration file, showing what parameters are ready to receive MIDI CCs. Sets the real-time oversampling mode Sets the offline oversampling mode Sets the output quality to Draft, Normal, or High. Draft: Bandwidth is limited to one-fourth of the selected sample rate (for example, 11KHz @44100). Little high-frequency content is generated. Heavily filtered programs (for example, the Boom Bass factory preset) dont need the full oscillator bandwidth, as it would be removed in the next synthesis stage (the filter). In these cases, using Draft mode allows for significant CPU savings. Normal: Standard mode for most programs. Standard-order interpolation and control rate settings are used, so full bandwidth is expected. High: Higher-order interpolation is activated, and control rate is increased (perceivable when modulating individual oscillator levels or individual EQ bands with high-transition sources, such as an LFO with square wave). Preferred mode for final renderings. Bypasses all effects. Disables the Arpeggiator. Hide the preview ribbon and reduce the size of the UI.

Bypass Effects Disable Arpeggiator Hide preview ribbon Table 2.

Options menu commands

10 Interacting with Z3TA+: Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Using the controls

All the controls in Z3TA+ were specially designed to provide maximum flexibility and convenience. They fully support mouse, mouse wheel, and keyboard commands to perform the functions described below.

Faders and knobs

Knobs control most parameters with continuous values (for example, Level, Tune, and Cutoff). The sliders on Z3TA+ are inertia-driven to allow smooth parameter transitions no matter how far apart the values are. There are two kind of sliders: unipolar (min to max), and bipolar (centered). The bipolar sliders are marked with a bold horizontal line in the middle. To move a slider, simply click and drag on it, or click directly on the new position. After you click on a slider (with the left mouse button or the mouse wheel button), it will retain focus, so you can move it by using the PC keyboard and/or the mouse wheel. The focus is indicated by a vertical blue light in the selected slider. The PC keyboard allows for several speeds of variation while adjusting sliders: Key
Left/Right arrows Up/Down arrows Page Up-Page Down CTRL key plus any of the above OR Double-click Table 3.

Description
Very small steps used for precise adjustments. 200 steps from min to max. Small steps used for standard adjustments. 40 steps from min to max. Big steps, quick change. 8 steps from min to max. Set the default parameter value (centered for all bipolar sliders, the natural value for all unipolar sliders).

Slider controls

When using the mouse, use the standard left button to move the slider, and use the right button to MIDI-learn the slider. Double-clicking on a slider resets it to its default position, which is the natural point for that parameter. You can adjust the selected control in small steps by holding down the SHIFT key while moving the mouse wheel. These actions will move the slider that has focus, regardless of where the mouse is, so it's important to select the slider first. You can assign any MIDI controller to any control by right-clicking on it. If the parameter range is scaled (using min or max), the range of the scale will be shown with an indicator on the control. After you've made the assignment, the controls will move according to incoming MIDI messages. For more information about assigning MIDI to a control, see MIDI Learn on page 62.

11 Using the controls

Selectors
The selectors allow you to choose settings for parameters (for example, Waveform and Transpose) that have discrete values. There are two types of selectors: selectors with a single right arrow open a menu, while selectors with up/down or left/right arrows let you increment/decrement values. Use the standard left/right click to select the next/previous discrete value. When the value reaches the maximum, it will wrap to the minimum, resulting in fewer clicks to reach the desired value. Once you click on a selector (with the left mouse button or the mouse wheel button), it retains focus, so you can use the PC keyboard and the mouse wheel to change values as with the sliders. Text in the selected control is in bold. The PC keyboard allows for several speeds while adjusting text selectors: Key
Up/Down arrows Page Up/Page Down Table 4. Selectors

Description
Next/Previous discrete value 10 steps increment or decrement in the current discrete value

Holding down the CTRL key while clicking on the text selector resets the selector to its default position, which will be the natural point for that parameter (for example, transpose = 0). You can get the same effect by using the left and right mouse buttons together. You can use the mouse wheel to move the selector in small steps (1 discrete value increment). These actions will move the selector in focus, regardless of where the mouse is, so it's important to select the slider first. Parameters with many values (for example, Oscillator, LFO waveforms and Tempo Sync) feature a different indicator (right arrow) on the right. Clicking on it displays a menu that allows direct selection of the value. Using a combination of the above techniques (browse and direct selection) will provide the quickest workflow. You can assign any MIDI controller to any selector by holding down the SHIFT key and right-clicking the selector. The selectors will move according to incoming MIDI messages and scaling when learned. For more information about this, see MIDI Learn on page 62.

12 Using the controls

Range controls
Figure 6. Range control

The Range parameter in the matrix also uses a specially designed control that allows you to set two parameters in the same control: Min and Max, by using left and right click and drag operations. Range controls also keep the focus, and allow for keyboard and mouse wheel adjustments in different sized steps: Key
Left/Right arrows Up/Down arrows Page Up/Down Wheel Up/Down SHIFT+Wheel Up/Down Table 5. Matrix Range parameter

Description
1% of the control 5% of the control 20% of the control 5% of the control 1% of the control

When you operate the Range controls in the Shaper, the mouse pointer disappears and the selectivity of the operation is expanded to ensure smooth waveshaping transitions. On the Effects page, the Drive and Compressor sections use a similar Range control, but their Min parameter is disabled. You can assign any MIDI controller to any Range control. To do so, hold down the SHIFT key and right-click the Range control. The controls will move according to incoming MIDI messages and scaling when learned. For more information about this, see MIDI Learn on page 62.

13 Using the controls

Master section
Figure 7. Master section H A B

A. Current control B. Control value C. Polyphony D. Voices E. Transpose F. Tune G. VU meter H. Limit I. Level

The Master section provides a convenient view of the most common parameters (Polyphony and Master Output Level) for the currently selected program and the overall status of the synthesizer (played voices, level indicator). This section is visible on both Synth and Effects pages. Parameter
Control Value Voices Main Transpose

Description
When you move a slider/range control (or when the mouse pointer is over it), this label shows the name of the selected parameter. When you move a slider/range control (or when the mouse pointer is over it), this label shows the value of the selected parameter. Displays the number of voices generated by Z3TA+ at any given time. -12 to +12 semitones, in 1-semitone steps. Transpose of the whole program. All oscillators will be affected by this setting. Main tuning of the whole program. All oscillators are affected by this setting. Shows the main output level. Master section

Main Tune VU meter Table 6.

14 Using the controls

Parameter
Polyphony

Description
Sets the programs maximum polyphony to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, or 64 voices. The intelligent voice allocation scheme will decide which notes to turn off based on several parameters (envelope generator release stages, sustain switch, psycho-acoustic priorities, etc.) to keep the voice number within the selected limit. Even with a fairly low voice number setting (6-8), its possible to play complex harmonies real-time without artifacts. When Polyphony is set to 1, Z3TA+ activates the full-legato monophonic operation. When in this mode, the envelope generators dont restart on overlapping note transitions. Final limiting stage at the end of the signal path. Output level for the selected program. Left and Right output volume is shown in the main VU meter as Volume Units.

Limit Master Volume Output VU meter Table 6.

Master section (Continued)

15 Using the controls

Signal flow chart

The signal flow chart shows you how the synthesizer and effects are routed. The signal flow chart is shown in the About Box, which you open by clicking the Cakewalk/Z3TA+ logo.
Figure 8. Click the logo to show the About Box A

A. Cakewalk/Z3TA+ logo Figure 9. Signal Flow chart in the About Box

16 Using the controls

The Synthesizer
Figure 10. Synth page A

A. Synth page button B. Oscillator section C. Envelope Generator section D. Matrix section E. Filter section F. LFO section G. Master section H. Preview ribbon

17 The Synthesizer

Waveshaping Oscillators
Figure 11. Oscillator section

A Waveshaping Oscillator is the Z3TA+ component responsible for sound generation. There are six waveshaping oscillators, each with 60 waveforms, including six user-created waveforms. USER1, USER2, and USER3 waveforms are shipped with Z3TA+ as examples. You can use the Shaper to shape any oscillator's waveform independently to create very complex waveform stacks, combining different shaper settings for different oscillators. All shaping content for the six oscillators is stored as part of the program. There are two output busses for mixing oscillators, which are routed to Filter1 and Filter2 respectively. Later, at the filter stage, the filters' output is panned in the stereo field. This design lets you create mono or stereo programs and position individual oscillators precisely in the stereo field.

18 The Synthesizer

So you have two ways to control the pan position of an oscillator: (1) determine how much of its signal goes to each bus, and (2) determine the pan position of the output of each filter.C
Parallel mode BUS 1 BUS 2 BUS 1 Dual mode BUS 2

OSC1

OSC1

OSC2

OSC2

FILTER 1 FILTER 1 FILTER 2 FILTER 2

FILTER 1 FILTER 2

PAN 2 PAN 1 LEFT RIGHT LEFT PAN 1

PAN 2

RIGHT

You can adjust the pitch, phase, and startup behavior of every oscillator individually by using the appropriate controls. Additionally, each oscillator features a Multi mode in which it becomes eight individual oscillators (four stereo oscillators) with adjustable detune, allowing for huge, animated pads and hoover-like sounds. In Multi mode, the eight oscillators require about as much CPU power as two normal oscillators. However, a word of caution about CPU usage is needed here: Z3TA+ will allow you to set the six oscillators in Multi mode, resulting in 48 oscillators per note! Keep an eye in the CPU indicator on your favorite host.

19 The Synthesizer

All oscillators can inter-modulate each other using a unique circular inter-modulation scheme, as follows:

Any modulation option can be chosen in any oscillator. This way, the output of combined modulations can become extremely complex. For instance, OSC1 could ring-modulate OSC2, this output could FM-modulate OSC3, to PM-modulate OSC4, SYNC to OSC5, etc.

20 The Synthesizer

Oscillator parameters
Parameter
Waveform Transpose Octave Mode Group Fine Phase (Spread in Multi mode) Bus Level Table 7.

Description
Oscillator waveform -12 to +12 semitones in one-semitone steps -5 to +5 in one-octave steps Oscillator mode. Modulation mode. See Oscillator modulation modes on page 23. -100 to +100 cents fine-tune adjustment 0 to 360 degrees start phase adjustment. This slider becomes Multi Detune when Multi mode is used. Mixing bus assignment, from full Bus1 to full Bus2 Output level of the oscillator Oscillator parameters

Oscillator modes
Mode
NSYNC

Description
Normal polarity, key sync. This is the standard mode. The phase of the oscillator will start on the point set by the Phase control on every Note-On event. Inverted polarity, key sync. Same as NSYNC, but with the output polarity of the oscillator inverted. Normal polarity, free running. The oscillator phase doesnt restart on Note-On events. Preferred mode for monophonic sounds. Inverted polarity, free running. Same as NFREE, but with the output polarity of the oscillator inverted. Synchronized Multi mode. This mode turns the oscillator into eight simultaneous oscillators.The oscillators' detune amount is controlled with the Phase slider. Four oscillators output are sent to Bus1, and four to Bus2, spreading the output in the stereo field (if the filters are hard-panned to L and R). In this mode, the phase is restarted on every Note-On event. Oscillator modes

ISYNC NFREE

IFREE SMULTI

Table 8.

21 The Synthesizer

Mode
FMULTI SFIX

Description
Free running, Multi mode. Same as SMULTI, but oscillators' phase isnt restarted on Note-On events. Fixed frequency. In this mode the oscillator pitch wont follow the keyboard, generating a fixed tone instead. Phase is restarted on Note-On events. Fixed Frequency. Same as before, but oscillator phase wont restart on Note-On events. Oscillator modes (Continued)

FFIX Table 8.

22 The Synthesizer

Oscillator modulation modes

Mode
ADD

Description
Normal oscillator mode. The output of the oscillator is sent directly to mixing busses according to the Bus setting, and no modulation is performed. Ring modulation. The output of this oscillator is used to ring-modulate the next one in the circular chain. Hard sync modulation. The next oscillator in the chain will be slave of this oscillator, so it will restart its phase every time this oscillator restarts. Phase modulation. Next oscillator phase will be modulated with the output of this oscillator. Analog frequency modulation. The frequency of the next oscillator in the chain will be modulated with the output of this oscillator. Oscillator modulation modes

RING SYNC

PM FM

Table 9.

Performance
Figure 12. Performance section A

23 The Synthesizer

This sub-page in the Oscillators section includes settings that will affect the output of all oscillators together, as follows: Global parameter
Bend Mode

Description
Pitch Bend mode: Low: When playing a chord, only the lowest-pitched note is bent. High: When playing a chord, only the highest-pitched note is bent. Hold: Only pressed keys (not including the ones in release stage or those held with sustain switch) are bent. Normal: Standard pitch bend mode. -12 to +12 scale degrees. When Bend Scale is set to Chromatic, the bend range is -12 to +12 semitones, in 1-semitone steps. Interval to bend when the Bend wheel is turned fully up. -12 to +12 scale degrees. When Bend Scale is set to Chromatic, the bend range is -12 to +12 semitones, in 1-semitone steps. Interval to bend when the bend wheel is turned fully down. Defines what scale to pitch bend to. Move up or down however many notes through the selected scale depending on the Bend Up and Bend Down selections. Left clicking the display advances through values, right clicking goes backwards. The Adaptive mode attempts to automatically determines which scale you are playing. Choose the root note of the Bend Scale. Clicking on arrow reveals a drop-down menu. Left clicking the display advances through values, right clicking goes backwards. Portamento Mode. Norm, Fix: Normal mode, with a fixed time (set by the P. Time parameter) for the new note to reach its pitch. In legato mode (See Master section on page 14), portamento is in effect even when the first note has been released. Norm, Var: Normal mode, with portamento time depending also on the interval between the notes. Fing, Fix: Fingered mode with fixed time. In legato mode, the first note must be held in order for the portamento glide to take place. Fing, Var: Fingered mode, with portamento time depending also on the interval between the notes. Off: No portamento Portamento time, from 0 to 10 seconds. Filtered DC-Burst level. This will create a pop on Note-On, mostly used to recreate old analog drum machine sounds, or to add some punch to a program.

Bend Up

Bend Down

Bend Scale

Bend Root

Portamento Mode

Portamento Time Burst

Table 10.

Oscillator Performance settings

24 The Synthesizer

Global parameter
Drift

Description
Random detuning level. This feature is commonly used to emulate the tuning instabilities in early analog synthesizers. The random detune affects every oscillator individually. The X-Y Pad allows you to modulate any pair of parameters on Z3TA+ by using the mouse. Determines how long it takes to go from the current X-Y position to the next position you click. When enabled, the X-Y Pad will respond to joystick movements if a joystick is connected and configured in Windows Control Panel.

X-Y Pad X-Y Speed Joystick Enable Table 10.

Oscillator Performance settings (Continued)

In-key pitch bend

In-key pitch bend is a performance feature that allows you to bend chords and have each note in a chord bend to a valid scale note. This smart bend mode dynamically adjusts the up/down range, per-voice, based on the selected scale. For example, some notes may transpose a half step while others transpose a whole step, etc. The Bend Range setting specifies how many scale degrees to bend a note by. With a value of 1, Z3TA+ will bend all notes to the next degree in the scale. With a value of 2, Z3TA will bend up two degrees, or the second in-key note available, and so on. With a value of 0, the pitch wheel will only affect notes that are not native to the selected key, bending them up or down to the next available inkey note. Tip: By setting the bend range to zero, you effectively make it impossible to play a sour note while the pitch wheel is engaged. Any out-of-key notes are automatically bent up or down to a valid note in the selected scale.

25 The Synthesizer

X-Y Pad
Figure 13. X-Y Pad

The X-Y Pad allows you to modulate any pair of parameters on Z3TA+ by using the mouse. The parameters are assigned via the Source column in the Modulation Matrix (see The Modulation Matrix on page 36). Right-clicking on it causes random movement, useful for sample-and-hold-like effects. The position of the X-Y Pad is saved in the program, and all movements can be recorded as automation in all hosts supporting direct parameters automation. X-Y Pad X and Y movements can be MIDI-learned by holding down the SHIFT key and clicking the X-Y Pad. For more information about MIDI Learn, see MIDI Learn on page 62. Additionally, the X-Y Pad will respond to joystick movements if a joystick is connected and configured in Windows Control Panel.

Shaper
Figure 14. Shaper

As described in the introduction, Z3TA+ features a unique Waveform Shaper, which creates fully band-limited waveforms on the fly using several complex transformations. With the aid of its waveform display, all the changes are seen and heard in real time.

26 The Synthesizer

Shaper transformations
Transformation
DC Adjust

Description
Adjusts the waveform DC offset, to compensate for deviations produced by other transformations. Click and drag vertically on the waveform display to adjust. Adjusts the waveform symmetry by stretching the two halves of the wave. In a square wave, for instance, it adjusts the pulse width (similar to adjusting the pulse width using the Matrix). Click and drag horizontally on the waveform display to adjust. Wraps around the waveform when the amplitude goes over the selected threshold point. Wraps around and inverts the polarity of the waveform when its amplitude goes over the selected threshold point. Makes the waveform zero at three points. The control adjusts the width of the zeroed section. Processes the waveform with a triangular window envelope. This transformation results in the extremes of the waveform being more attenuated than the middle. Boosts and clips the output as a hard clipping stage. Partially morphs the waveform into a sine. Mostly used to reinforce the fundamental in a weak waveform. Wraps around and inverts the polarity of the wrapping. Similar to Twist, but with opposite polarity. Shrinks the whole cycle, filling the rest with zeros. Stretches the whole cycle, filling the rest with the same waveform after stretching. Produces a sound similar to hard-sync inter-modulation mode. Bit reduction. Adjusts the bit depth in a 1-32 bit range. Highpass Filtering Lowpass Filtering Folds the entire waveform over itself by progressively swapping the left and right halves. Causes a waveforms harmonic levels to wander in alternating directions creating a complex phaser-like quality.

Symmetry

Warp Twist Multipoint Window Drive Wave Offset Shrink SelfSync Bit Reduction HPF LPF Fold Spectrum Table 11.

Shaper transformations

27 The Synthesizer

Transformation
Random All Random Odd Table 11.

Description
Creates continuously random waveform variations by allowing all harmonic levels (even and odd) to wander as the control is manipulated. Same as Random All except only odd harmonic levels are randomized, while even harmonics are progressively suppressed.

Shaper transformations (Continued)

You can reset all transformations in the Shaper at once. To perform this operation, right-click on the waveform display in the Shaper window and select the Reset all shapers option. All Range controls in the Shaper can be assigned to MIDI controls with adjustable range. For more information about this, see MIDI Learn on page 62. The transformations in any oscillator can be copied and pasted to other oscillators. For more information on this, see Copy and Paste functions on page 63.

Filters
Figure 15. Filter section

A. Filter 1 B. Filter 2

Z3TA+ 2 filters have two modes of operation, which is selected by the Parallel/Dual switch. In Parallel mode, each filter-bus is routed through its own individual filter - before being passed to a stereo panner and level control. This mode is directly reflected in the filter sections graphic layout. In Dual mode, there are actually four filters in total two in series on each bus. The two buses now have identical configurations, with each bus signal passing first through a filter whose settings are displayed in the upper plot, then through a filter described by the lower plot. Each bus is still directed to its own panner and level control. Using the Dual mode, you can create, for example, 72dB/Octave Lowpass filters (using two 36dB/Oct filters), or any number of other unique combinations of the two filter sets.

28 The Synthesizer

The 24dB/Oct and 36dB/Oct LPF filters in Z3TA+ are composed of two sections (three for the 36 dB/ Oct), to support a Separation parameter that allows for a cutoff separation between the component filters. For more information, see The Modulation Matrix on page 36. The Link button lets you adjust controls in both filters at same time. In this way, when Link is active, adjusting the level of Filter1 also adjusts the level of Filter2. Note: When Link is active, adjusting the Pan control in Filter1 to left will result in Filter2 pan being adjusted to right. This allows spreading the filters in stereo by using only one control.

Filter parameters
Parameter
Link Parallel / Dual

Description
Links the parameters of both filters together, except in the case of the pan, which links them to move opposite each other. Normally each filter lives on a bus, and after the filters the buses are routed together. In Dual Mode, the buses are routed together before the filters, and then the 2 filters are routed 1 after the other. Selects the filter type. Changes the filter limiter response time between Off, Slow, and Fast. Resonance booster. Changes the resonance scaling factor to accommodate higher resonance modes. The filter cutoff point. The filter resonance. Defines the stereo position of the filter output, from full L to full R. Filter output level. Filter parameters

Filter Type Filter Limiter Reso boost Cutoff Resonance Pan Level Table 12.

29 The Synthesizer

LFOs (Low Frequency Oscillators)

Figure 16. LFO section

The LFO section in Z3TA+ is one of the most powerful ever designed. There are six LFOs-- 1-4 affect all voices at once, while 5-6 affect individual voices. For each LFO you can select among 60 waveforms, including ten user-designed waveforms, and three different random and sample and hold options. USER1 waveform is shipped with Z3TA+ as an example. To design your own waveform, create a 16bit PCM audio file and name it luser1.pcm, luser2.pcm, etc. Save the .pcm file in the Wavetables folder. A single LFO actually consists of two independent LFOs, which can be combined in several ways, including time morphing and many mathematical functions. All LFOs can be synchronized to host tempo, and they will track the host bar position to keep tracking even on the event of dynamic tempo changes in the host. LFO
All Voices LFO (1-4) Per Voice LFO (5-6) Table 13. LFOs

Description
All voices in a program are affected by the same LFO value. Each voice in a program has its own LFO.

30 The Synthesizer

LFO parameters
Parameter
Wave 1 Wave 2 Mode Tempo Sync

Description
The main waveform for the LFO. Waveforms 1 and 2 are combined according to the LFO Mode setting. The secondary waveform for the LFO. Waveforms 1 and 2 are combined according to the LFO Mode setting. LFO Mode. See LFO modes on page 32. The beat division when synchronizing to host tempo. A indication of 1 means one beat, so if the host tempo is set to 120 bpm the LFO will produce 120 cycles in this setting. The starting phase for the LFO on Note-On, in 45-degree steps. When you select Free, the LFO wont restart its phase on Note-On events. -1 to +1. Value offset for the LFO output. 0 to 10s. The delay before the LFO starts its operation after a Note-On event is received. 0 to 10s. The fade-in time for the LFO. The LFO output will gradually rise from zero to reach its maximum after Fade time. 0 to 10s. The time for the Morph operation. This slider has some other uses, according to the LFO mode. Check the LFO Modes table for more information. 0.01Hz to 20Hz. The LFO speed. Reduces the range of the LFO. Scales the resulting shape, based on the other LFO parameters. LFO parameters

Phase Offset Delay Fade In

Morph / Time (in Time Morph mode) Speed Amount Table 14.

31 The Synthesizer

LFO modes
Mode
TIME MORPH ADD IADD SUB ISUB MUL MIN MAX HALF1 HALF2 ONE-SHOT Table 15.

Description
The output of the LFO will morph between Wave 1 and Wave 2 in the time set by Time slider. The output of the LFO will be the mix of Waveform1 and Waveform2. The mix balance is controlled with the Time slider. (The output wont change over time.) Same as ADD, but Waveform1 is inverted. Same as ADD, but Waveform2 is inverted. Same as ADD, but both Waveforms 1 and 2 are inverted. Output of LFO is the sample-per-sample product of Waveform1 and Waveform2 Output of the LFO is the minimum value between Waveform1 and 2: LFO = min (wave1, wave2). Output of the LFO is the maximum value between Waveform1 and 2: LFO = max (wave1, wave2) The output of the LFO is the first half-cycle of Waveform1 and second half-cycle of Waveform2. The output of the LFO is the first half-cycle of Waveform2, and second half-cycle of Waveform1. The LFO will output only one cycle, then it will stop. LFO modes

Combining Waveforms 1 and 2 with all the LFO modes, you can get some extremely complex effects. Additionally, the LFO speed can be modulated with any modulation source.

32 The Synthesizer

EGs (Envelope Generators)

Figure 17. Envelope Generator section

There are eight envelope generators in Z3TA+: One bipolar envelope generator (Pitch, usually assigned to pitch) One main amplifier envelope generator (Amp) Six general-purpose unipolar envelope generators All EGs except the Pitch EG are 5-stage generators, with selectable curve for each stage. There is a Delay control in every EG, which allows you to set the delay between Note-On event and the start of the EG. Also, the output level of any EG can be adjusted with the Amount control. The effect can be reversed, as Amount can be set to both positive and negative values.

33 The Synthesizer

Amplifier (Amp) and general-purpose EG (1-6) parameters

Parameter
Attack Shape Slope Shape Decay Shape Release Shape Delay Attack

Description
Attack stage output will follow the curve selected by this control (linear, exponential or power). The output variation during slope stage will follow the curve selected by this control (linear, exponential, or power). The output variation during decay stage will follow the curve selected by this control (linear, exponential, or power). The output variation during release stage will follow the curve selected by this control (linear, exponential or power). 0 to 10s. The time from Note-On event till start of the EG. 0 to 10s. After the delay stage, the EG starts rising from EG = 0 to EG = 1. It reaches 1 in the time set by this control, and following the curve set by Attack Shape. 0 to 1. After the attack stage, the EG reached EG = 1. Then it enters the slope stage, which leads to EG = Decay Time, set by this control. 0 to 10s. This control adjusts the time it takes the EG to perform the slope stage (moving from EG = 1 to EG = Decay Time, following the curve set by Slope Shape). 0 to 20s. After the slope stage, the output will move from Decay Time to Sustain Level, performing the decay stage, in the time set by this control. 0 to 1 (0 to 100%). After the decay stage, the output of the EG will remain at this value till a Note-Off event is received for this note. 0 to 10s. When the Note-Off event is received for this note, the EG output will return to zero. This control sets the time it takes to reach zero value. -1 to +1 (-100% to +100%, with zero at center). The output level of the EG, in normal or reverse operation. When this control is set to zero (default value, obtained by double-clicking the control) all CPU usage for the EG is recovered. Amplifier (A) and general-purpose EG (1-6) parameters

Decay Time

Decay Level

Sustain Time

Sustain Level

Release

Amount

Table 16.

34 The Synthesizer

Pitch EG parameters
Parameter
Delay Start Attack Time

Description
0 to 10s. The time from Note-On event till the start of the EG. -1 to 1. The initial value for the EG after the delay stage. 0 to 10s. After delay stage, the EG will start the attack stage, where it will go from EG = Start Level to EG = Attack Level. This control adjusts the time to perform the attack stage. -1 to +1. The level the EG reaches after the attack stage. 0 to 10s. After the attack stage, the EG will enter the decay stage, after which it will reach EG = zero, and will remain in this status while the note is on. This control adjusts the time to perform the decay stage. 0 to 10s. After note is released, the EG will enter the release stage, after which it will reach EG = Release Level. This control sets the time for the release stage. -1 to 1. The final level for the EG after a Note-Off event is received for this note. -1 to 1. The output level of the EG, in normal or reverse operation. When this control is set to zero (default value, obtained by double-clicking the control) all CPU usage for the EG is recovered. Pitch EG parameters

Attack Level Decay

Release Time

Release Level Amount

Table 17.

As mentioned above, you can assign any slider or curve selector to any MIDI controller by rightclicking on them (for curve selectors, hold down the SHIFT key and right-click). If the parameter range is scaled (using min or max), the range of the scale will be shown with a indicator in the slider background. For more information about assigning MIDI to a slider, see MIDI Learn on page 62.

35 The Synthesizer

The Modulation Matrix

Figure 18. Modulation Matrix section

Most synthesizers have some modulation sources hardwired in some way to a synthesizer component. While this is a very simple and effective approach, most advanced sound programmers might find it limiting, as it doesnt allow more complex control connections as, in the above example, controlling the amount of keyboard scaling being applied to the filter with an envelope generator triggered on Note-On. Z3TA+ features a very powerful Modulation Matrix that lets you link any modulation source to almost any synthesizer and effects parameter, and it allows you to assign a modulation range, curve, and control.

Powerful modulation options

Users of any synthesizer with a modulation matrix (for example, the outstanding Oberheim Matrix 12), would remember the common modulation routing procedure: SOURCE -> RANGE -> DESTINATION This is very powerful indeed, and was totally adequate for most synthesizers at that time, where few MIDI controllers with ribbons, knobs, and sliders were manufactured. It allowed things like: LFO1 -> 5% -> OSC1 PITCH Nice and simple vibrato effect. Again, that was a very powerful method, but not really enough to allow for expressive playing: what if we wanted to control the vibrato amount using the modulation wheel? Thats the point when the control concept appears. Many synthesizers had different ways to assign a control in the mod matrix, but the overall scheme would be represented as: SOURCE -> RANGE -> CONTROL -> DESTINATION Applied to our previous example: LFO1 -> 5% -> MODWHEEL -> OSC1 PITCH Now we can control the vibrato effect on Osc1 with the modulation wheel, from 0 to 5%.

36 The Synthesizer

So, what about having a small fixed vibrato in our lovely oboe patch, which would turn stronger with the modulation wheel? That would be really powerful, but it requires splitting the Range in two parts, Min and Max, to select the values of the modulation when modulation wheel is at minimum, and maximum. Something like: SOURCE -> MIN -> MAX -> CONTROL -> DESTINATION Translated to our example: LFO1 -> 1% -> 5% -> MODWHEEL -> OSC1 PITCH Now we have a fixed vibrato (1% of LFO1 applied to OSC1 Pitch), which turns into 5% when moving the modulation wheel to maximum. Well, what if Id like a slower variation in the modulation wheel? Something like a softer effect at the beginning, while getting strong at the end? It would need a variation curve, something slower than standard: SOURCE -> MIN -> MAX -> CURVE -> CONTROL -> DESTINATION Or LFO1 -> 1% -> 5% -> SLOW -> MODWHEEL -> DESTINATION Thats really complete now. Just one row in the modulation matrix and I have all vibrato on OSC1 complete. Thats exactly how the Z3TA+ Modulation Matrix works. Lets see another example: Id like Filter1 cutoff controlled up to 30% by an LFO output passed through an EG. LFO1 -> 0% -> 30% -> ULINEAR+ -> EG1 -> FILTER1 CUTOFF Thats it. The Matrix in Z3TA+ allows for very complex modulation effects, as you can check by reverse-engineering the factory presets. It's possible to create animated, moving patches by combining several sources and destinations.

Matrix overview
The Modulation Matrix has 16 rows, with Source, Range, Curve, Control, and Destination controls. Despite this complexity, it can still be used as a simple source/range/destination matrix for more elemental purposes. Every external control and internal generator can used as source and control, and most synthesizer and effects parameters are represented as Modulation Matrix destinations. Following is a comprehensive list.

Term definitions
Unipolar. A source is unipolar when the range of its output values is 0 to 1. Bipolar. A source is bipolar when its range is -1 to 1.

37 The Synthesizer

Matrix sources
Source
Off User controls 1 - 10 LFO1-6 Bipolar Output of LFOs 1-6. Note that LFOs 1-4 are global, while LFOs 5 and 6 are local (pervoice). Bipolar. Pitch Envelope Generator output. Unipolar, positive or negative. General-purpose EG 1-6 output. Amplifier EG output. Can have positive and negative values. Output of Oscillators 1-6. The Oscillator Level control doesnt affect the amplitude of this source. Random value generated on Note-On Random value generated on Note-On Value of Function1 to Function4. Can have positive and negative values. X-Y Pad X and Y values Key note number (generally used for keyboard tracking) Key note number (generally used for keyboard tracking) Note-On velocity Note-Off release velocity Number of voices being played

Type
0

Description

Pitch EG EG1-6 Amp EG OSC1-6

Bipolar Unipolar Unipolar Bipolar

U-Random B-Random Function 1-4 X-Y Pad X, Y Unote# Bnote# Velocity Rvelocity Polyphony On Table 18.

Unipolar Bipolar Bipolar Unipolar Unipolar Bipolar Unipolar Unipolar Unipolar 1 Matrix sources

38 The Synthesizer

Matrix curves
Curve type
Off BLINEAR+ BLINEARULINEAR+ ULINEARSLOW+ SLOWFAST+ FASTPITCH 4 Oct PITCH 1 Oct PITCH 1 Tone PITCH 1 Semitone Table 19. Matrix curves

Description
No curve processing Bipolar processing (converts a bipolar source to unipolar) Bipolar processing, reversed Unipolar processing Unipolar processing, reversed Slow variation. The source will be applied slower when control values are small. Slow variation, reversed Fast variation. The source will be applied faster when control values are small. Fast variation reversed Curve to be applied to any Pitch destination, 4 octaves range Similar to previous, 1 octave range Similar to previous, 1 whole tone range Similar to previous, 1 semitone range

39 The Synthesizer

Matrix controls
Control
Off Velocity Rel Velocity Ubend Bbend Polyaft Chanaft Modwheel Breath Pitch Eg EG1-6 Amp Eg X-Y Pad X, Y Audio Input Unote# Bnote# MIDI CC #3-#119 Table 20. Matrix controls

Description
No control Note-On velocity Note-Off velocity Unipolar pitch bend Bipolar pitch bend Polyphonic aftertouch Channel (monophonic) aftertouch Modulation wheel Breath controller Pitch envelope generator General-purpose envelope generators 1-6 Amplifier envelope generator X-Y Pad X and Y Audio input envelope followers for L (follow L), R (follow R), both (follow LR) Unipolar note number Bipolar note number MIDI Continuous Controllers 3 to 119

40 The Synthesizer

Matrix destinations
Destination
Off Main volume

Description
No destination. Main output volume. Note that this is a global parameter, and could have unpredictable results when using a local source (for example, EG) to modulate it on polyphonic operation. Pre-effect stereo panoramic position. Pitch of Oscillators 1 to 6. Main program pitch (all oscillators). Pulse width of Oscillators 1 to 6. Pulse width of all oscillators. Level of individual oscillators 1 to 6. Amplitude level of all oscillators. Bus routing for oscillators 1-6. Bus routing for all oscillators. Waveshaper for oscillators 1-6. Waveshaper for all oscillators. Cutoff frequency of Filter 1, Filter 2. Cutoff frequency of both filters. Resonance of Filter 1, Filter 2. Resonance of both filters. Separation of Filter 1, Filter 2. Separation of both filters. Output level of Filter1, Filter2. Output level of both filters. Stereo panoramic position of Filter 1, Filter 2 output. Stereo panoramic position of both filters. Speed of LFO1 to LFO6.

Main Pan Oscillators > Osc 1-6 > Pitch Oscillators > All Oscillators > Pitch Oscillators > Osc 1-6 > Pulse Width Oscillators > All Oscillators > Pulse Width Oscillators > Osc 1-6 > Level Oscillators > All Oscillators > Level Oscillators > Osc 1-6 > Filter Bus Oscillators > All Oscillators > Filter Bus Oscillators > Osc 1-6 > Waveshaper Oscillators > All Oscillators > Waveshaper Filters > Filter 1-2 > Cutoff Filters > All Filters > Cutoff Filters > Filter 1-2 > Resonance Filters > All Filters > Resonance Filters > Filter 1-2 > Separation Filters > All Filters > Separation Filters > Filter 1-2 > Level Filters > All Filters > Level Filters > Filter 1-2 > Pan Filters > All Filters > Pan LFOs > LFO 1-6 Speed Table 21. Matrix destinations

41 The Synthesizer

Destination
LFOs > All LFOs Speed Arp > Speed Distortion > Decimator Amount Modulation > Level Modulation > Depth Delays > Delay 1-3 > Level Delays > Delay 1-3 > Low Delays > Delay 1-3 > Mid Delays > Delay 1-3 > High Reverb > Level EQ > Band 1-7 Functions 1-4

Description
Speed of all LFOs Arpeggiator speed. Decimator amount. Level of Modulation Unit. Depth of Modulation Unit. Output level of Delay1 to Delay3 units. Low equalization of Delay 1 to Delay 3 units. Mid equalization of Delay 1 to Delay 3 units. High equalization of Delay 1 to Delay 3 units. Reverb wet/dry mix. Bands 1 to 7 of the stereo graphic equalizer. Functions 1 to 4. These work as virtual destinations to allow for intermediate calculations, and they can be used as source in a lower row in the matrix.

Table 21.

Matrix destinations (Continued)

42 The Synthesizer

Velocity curves
Z3TA+ features the ability to adjust the sensitivity curve for velocity to adapt it to your style of playing, keyboard controller or sequencing style. To change the velocity curve, select Velocity Curve under the Options menu and choose the appropriate setting. Curve type
Linear Fast 1 Fast 2

Description
Standard velocity curve, no change. Velocities will be processed as higher than normal, saturating at maximum value when reached. Velocities will be processed as higher as normal, saturating at maximum value when reached. A fixed velocity offset will be added in this mode. Very suitable for heavily compressed mixes. Velocities will be processed as lower than normal. Velocities will be processed as lower than normal with two different curves for low and high velocities. Low velocities will be even lower; high velocities will be even higher, slight variation. Low velocities will be even lower; high velocities will be even higher, very noticeable variation. Velocity range will be compressed to 30-127. Velocity range will be compressed to 50-127, resulting in very small dynamic range. Exponential curve, very big dynamic range Exponential curve, small dynamic range

Slow 1 Slow 2 Expand 1 Expand 2 Compress 1 Compress 2 Hi Dynamic Lo Dynamic Table 22.

Velocity curves

43 The Synthesizer

Arpeggiator
Figure 19. Arpeggiator A

A. Show Arpeggiator

The arpeggiator features two operation modes: a standard algorithmic mode, used to recreate standard up/down/random patterns, and a MIDI mode, in which it uses one of the pre-programmed patterns to process played notes. The arpeggiator features sync to host tempo, and to bar position so it will keep track if the host tempo changes dynamically. Arpeggiator settings are stored in the program.

Using MIDI files with the arpeggiator

You can import any MIDI file into the arpeggiator. To do so, click the arrow next to the PATTERN field and select Load MIDI File on the pop-up menu. A reference to the MIDI file is stored with the program, and automatically recalled on program recall. Note: When using MIDI files with the arpeggiator, the arpeggiator only looks at the first measure. If you want to use a MIDI pattern that is longer than one measure, first use a MIDI authoring program to scale the MIDI pattern so it is one measure long, then use the sync setting in Z3TA+ to change the speed so it matches the MIDI patterns original feel.

44 The Synthesizer

Arpeggiator parameters
Parameter
Pattern

Description
Arpeggiator pattern. Algorithmic mode: Up, Down, Up/Down 1 (last note not repeated), Up/Down 2 (last note repeated), and Random. MIDI mode: ARP001 to ARP250 and GATE001 to GATE025. The Arpeggiator plays the selected pattern, created from a standard MIDI file. Note: In order to use gates, you must manually enable Gate mode. The beat division when synchronizing to host tempo. 1 to 6. The arpeggiator extension. This control has no effect in MIDI mode. Sets phase restart mode. When Mode is set to Free, phase wont restart on Note-On events. In Gate mode, the arpeggiator is used to trigger the Gate effect instead of playing notes.You trigger the Gate effect by sending MIDI Note C0 (zero) to Z3TA+. Gate effect is performed before all effects, after voice mixing. Determines whether the notes are sorted before producing the arpeggio or not. This setting has no effect in MIDI mode. Randomly moves notes slightly out of time to give them a human feel. Adds a swing effect to the notes. Arpeggiator speed. The Note-On velocity of the Arpeggiator. The effect of velocity will depend on the program velocity assignments. Length of the notes in the arpeggio. This control has no effect in MIDI mode. Arpeggiator parameters

Sync Octaves Mode

Sort Humanize Swing Speed Velocity Length Table 23.

45 The Synthesizer

Effects
Figure 20. Effects A B

A. Effects page button B. Effects routing C. Effect modules

Z3TA+ has a complete effects processing section featuring several effects, including drive (distortion, saturation, overdrive), chorus, flanger, phaser, compressor, three fully independent delay lines, reverb, 7-band graphic EQ, simulator, decimator, and limiter. All effects are grouped on the Effects page, so all effects settings can be easily changed with minimum navigation. All effects feature full stereo processing (which means every stage is actually two stages, one for left and another for right channel), and can be turned off if external processing is preferred, saving CPU usage. Also, most effects parameters can be MIDI-learned, and some of them can be real-time modulated as destinations in the Modulation Matrix. You have full control over the effect chain. To reorder effects, simply drag the corresponding effects in the Effect Routing display until the effects appear in the desired order.

46 Effects

See: Distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Equalizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Effect routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

47 Effects

Distortion
Figure 21. Distortion

The polyphonic drive stage in Z3TA+ acts on the filters, creating non-linearities ranging from subtle to aggressive. The special Heavy Metal mode adds a monophonic distortion stage to the filters output, mostly used to create the classic power fifths guitar effect.

Drive parameters
Parameter
Mode Destination Tone Decimate

Description
The drive mode. See Drive modes on page 49. Drive effect can be applied to Filter1, Filter 2, or both. This control sets where the drive effect will be applied. Post-filtering stage. This control adjusts the brightness of the distortion effect. Sets the decimator amount. The Decimator is a sample-rate reduction stage. It creates the buzzy and noisy sound characteristic of early samplers and old computers. Sets the drive stage gain. Sets the output level of the drive stage.

Gain Level

Per Voice / All Voices / The Drive effect can be applied per voice and not interact with other notes, or it can be Both applied to all voices and interact with other notes. All voices must be enabled to route the Drive effect in the router. In Both mode, the Drive effect applies at the filter stage and at the FX stage. Table 24. Drive parameters

48 Effects

Drive modes
Mode
Off Soft Drive Hard Drive Valve Amp HyperTube Heavy Metal

Description
No drive effect. A very common drive sound, very suitable for leads and monophonic sounds. The resulting distortion is very controllable for real-time playing. A more aggressive, acid-oriented distortion. A very subtle distortion (except in extreme settings) modeled after a valve (vacuumtube-based) amplifier. A medium-saturation tube emulation. When this mode is engaged, a monophonic distortion unit will be introduced after the output mix. This allows for more broken sounds in polyphonic operations (ideal for power-fifth intervals). Drive modes

Table 25.

49 Effects

Modulation
Figure 22. Modulation

The Modulation stage in Z3TA+ is capable of many different effects, including several variants of chorus, flanger, and phaser. It also features a built-in stereo equalizer, which controls the effect color.

Modulation parameters
Parameter
Mode Tempo Sync Eq Mode Waveform Depth Speed Delay Feedback Lo Hi Level Table 26.

Description
Modulation effect mode. See Modulation modes on page 51. The beat division when synchronizing to host tempo. The equalizer mode. See Modulation Equalizer modes on page 52. The waveform for the modulation effect: SINE, SINE^3, TRIANGLE. Adjusts the modulation depth. The speed for the effect, from 0.01Hz to 10Hz. The delay time for chorus and flanger effect. This control also regulates the frequency range of phaser effects. Sets the amount of feedback. Low equalization of the wet signal. High equalization of the wet signal. The mix level for chorus and flanger, the output level for phaser effects. Modulation parameters

50 Effects

Modulation modes
Mode
Off Mono Chorus

Description
No effect. A standard mono chorus effect. The input signal is processed by adding both input channels. This effect works best when processing sounds with heavy low-frequency contents (for example, basses). This chorus effect processes both input channels with separate lines, allowing for full stereo separation. Similar to Stereo Chorus effect, but three chorus lines process each channel, resulting in a very wide and fat chorusing effect. A standard mono flanger effect. The input signal is processed by adding both input channels. This effect works best when you want to add some flanging to sounds (for example, basses) with heavy low-frequency content. This flanger effect will process both input channels with separate lines, allowing for full stereo separation. A standard mono phaser effect. The input signal is processed by adding both input channels. Stereo phaser effect, which processes both input channels with separate lines, allowing for full stereo separation. Quadrature Phaser effect. Similar to Stereo Phaser, but the modulation of both channels has reversed polarity. Combination of Stereo Chorus and Stereo Phaser.

Stereo Chorus 6-voice Chorus Mono Flanger

Stereo Flanger Mono Phaser Stereo Phaser Quad Phaser Chorus/Phaser Table 27.

Modulation modes

51 Effects

Modulation Equalizer modes

Mode
Off LoLo+ MidMid+ HiHi+ Table 28.

Description
No equalization (bypass) Lo = 250Hz, Hi = 500Hz Lo = 250Hz, Hi = 1000Hz Lo = 500Hz, Hi = 1500Hz Lo = 500Hz, Hi = 2500Hz Lo = 1000Hz, Hi = 4000Hz Lo = 500Hz, Hi = 8000Hz Modulation Equalizer modes

52 Effects

Compressor
Figure 23. Compressor

The stereo compressor in Z3TA+ is designed specially to add punch to the sound more than for mastering songs. It is capable of very aggressive dynamic manipulation, and its three speed settings allow for quick and precise attack/release adjustments.

Compressor parameters
Parameter
Mode Threshold Ratio Gain Level Table 29.

Description
Sets the compressor speed to Off (no effect), Fast, Mid, or Slow. Sets the level above which the compressor will start working, from inf to 0dB. Compression ratio, from 1:1 to inf:1. Pre-amplification gain before compression stage. Compressor output level. Compressor parameters

53 Effects

Delay
Figure 24. Delay

Z3TA+ features three fully independent stereo delay lines in series, each with a 3-band stereo equalizer in the feedback loop.

Delay parameters
Parameter
Delay Mode Tempo Sync EQ Mode Time L, R Feedback Low, Mid, High Level Table 30.

Description
The Delay effect mode. See Delay modes on page 55. The beat division when synchronizing to host tempo. Sets the 3-band stereo equalizer mode. See Delay Equalizer modes on page 55. The delay time for L and R when Tempo Sync is off. Adjusts the feedback level. Controls for the 3-band stereo equalizer in the delay feedback path. Delay mix level. Delay parameters

54 Effects

Delay modes
Mode
Off Stereo Delay Ping Delay Dual Mono Delay LRC Delay Table 31. Delay modes

Description
No effect (bypass). Standard stereo delay, both channels processed separately. The delay bounces around in the stereo field. In this mode, the input signal will be processed by adding both input channels, and L and R channels will have independent delays. The stereo effect bounces from L to R to Center.

Delay Equalizer modes

Mode
Off Std

Description
No equalization (bypass) Lo = 300Hz Mid = 900Hz High = 3500Hz No Resonance Lo = 300Hz Mid = 1000Hz Hi = 8000Hz No Resonance Lo = 1000Hz Mid = 4000Hz Hi = 8000Hz No Resonance Lo = 300Hz Mid = 900Hz High = 3500Hz Resonant mode Delay Equalizer modes

Wide

Hi

RES STD

Table 32.

55 Effects

Mode
RES WIDE

Description
Lo = 300Hz Mid = 1000Hz Hi = 8000Hz Resonant mode Lo = 1000Hz Mid = 4000Hz Hi = 8000Hz Resonant mode Delay Equalizer modes (Continued)

RES HIGH

Table 32.

Reverb
Figure 25. Reverb

The stereo reverb in Z3TA+ features a sophisticated engine that simulates different rooms, adding ambience to the sound.

Reverb parameters
Parameter
Mode Size Damp Lo Hi Wet/Dry Table 33.

Description
Reverb mode. See Reverb modes on page 57. Length of reverb tail, used to recreate the room size. Diffusion of high frequencies. Low-frequency equalization. High-frequency equalization. Wet/dry balance. Reverb parameters

56 Effects

Reverb modes
Mode
Off Small Room Medium Hall Big Hall Plate Table 34.

Description
No effect. Small room simulation. Small density, small diffusion, very short pre-delay. Medium-size hall simulation. Increased density, higher diffusion and longer pre-delay time. Big hall simulation. Very high density, high diffusion and very long pre-delay time. Simulation of vintage plate reverb. Reverb modes

57 Effects

Equalizer
Figure 26. Equalizer

Z3TA+ features a stereo 7-band equalizer, capable of being modulated via the Modulation Matrix, with 11 operation modes to adapt the equalization to the nature of the program. Center frequencies for each band are displayed below the sliders for any selected Equalizer Mode.

Equalizer parameters
Parameter
Bands 1-7 Equalizer Mode

Description
15dB gain, center frequencies according to Equalizer Mode. Off, Wide1, Wide2, Wide3, Half1, Half2, Half3, Low, Low Mid, Mid, Mid Wide, Mid High, High. Center frequencies are shown below the sliders for each band in all modes. The stereo simulator in Z3TA+ features 30 different amp/cabinet/special equalizer device response curves to allow very special emulations and frequency-response adaptations that cant be performed using the equalizer.

Simulator Mode

Table 35.

Equalizer parameters

58 Effects

Limiter
Figure 27. Limiter

The soft limiter reduces the signal amplitude in the boundaries of the clipping point, completely avoiding the clipping that would occur if the signal level goes above 0dB. As a result of the Limiter operation, output level is more predictable. However, it is important to carefully set all gain stages inside a program to preserve the dynamic range at the highest possible level.

Effect routing
The Effect Routing section shows the current effect chain and allows you to reorder the effect modules. To do so, simply drag the corresponding effects in the Effect Routing display until the effects appear in the desired order.
Figure 28. Effect routing

59 Effects

Programs and Banks

To select next/previous program
Figure 29. A Programs section B C D E

A. Select a random program B. Bank C. Type D. Patch E. Next/previous program

You will find a broad variety of program examples with direct application in many music styles, but with the main focus of showcasing the sound processing and modulation of Z3TA+. By reverseengineering the factory presets, you will be able to edit, adapt, and enhance the factory programs to fit your tracks perfectly, or use them as a starting point for completely new sounds. The Program and Bank buttons in the Master section allow for several common operations like saving and loading program and banks, and copy/paste/swap/initialize programs or store an autoload default bank file.

Copy/Paste/Paste Special/Initialize Programs

It is possible to copy a program to another slot in the same bank or other bank, by using the Copy and Paste options in the Program menu. The Copy and Paste functions work also amongst different instances of Z3TA+ when used as a VSTi. They will hold the last copied program, so you can load a different .fxb bank and paste it there. This is a very useful function when arranging programs in bank files. The Paste Special function allows you to copy part or individual components of one program to another. This is very useful when creating new patches based on existing or factory programs. You can also swap two programs by selecting Copy in the first program and Swap in the second. To initialize a program to a basic status, click the Program button and choose Initialize program. All settings on the program will revert to default, allowing you to start programming from scratch. When initializing a program, Z3TA+ looks for a preset called default.fxp in the Contents\Z3TA+ 2\Programs folder.

60 Programs and Banks

Default Programs File

Every time you start Z3TA+ in stand-alone mode, or when you insert a new instance in a host when using it as VSTi, Z3TA+ checks the Contents\Z3TA+ 2\Programs folder under installation directory for a file called default.fxp, which is the default file used when initializing a program. If it finds this file, it automatically loads it, and all its programs will be instantly available. This is the way the default patches are shipped. If you want to customize your bank and have it ready for use in the next instance or session, you can use the Save Default File option in the Bank menu to save the default bank file. Warning: If you delete the default bank file, Z3TA+ will load without programs. You will need to reinstall the product in order to restore the factory patches.

Saving and loading Program files

Z3TA+ has built-in routines to save and load standard Steinberg-compatible programs (.fxp files). The programs saved by Z3TA+ will load in all Steinberg hosts, including Cubasis, Cubase, and Nuendo, and many other hosts which feature 100% compatible fxp saving and loading, and viceversa. To save or load a program, click on the corresponding option in the Program menu. You can also open a program or bank by dropping the .fxb/.fxp file on the Z3TA+ main screen. Z3TA+ will automatically detect the file type and will open it accordingly.

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MIDI Learn
Z3TA+ features one of the most advanced MIDI control customization systems on virtual synthesizers. It allows you to assign any controller on the screen to any MIDI controller, even assigning multiple controllers to a single parameter or vice-versa. The operation of MIDI-learning a controller is performed as follows: Control type
Sliders Selectors Range X-Y Pad Table 36.

MIDI Learn procedure

Right-click. Hold down the SHIFT key and right-click. Hold down the SHIFT key and right-click. Hold down the SHIFT key and right-click the pad.

How to enable MIDI Learn

Once you select MIDI Learn, Z3TA+ enters a waiting mode, expecting a MIDI controller to be received. You can send the controller by using a physical MIDI control device or by using your sequencer to send a MIDI continuous controller (CC). Multiple controls can be set to waiting mode at once. Note: When sequencers Start/Stop/Start Audio Streaming functions occur, they send numerous controllers. Avoid those operations while Z3TA+ is in waiting mode, as it might learn unexpected controller numbers. Also, arpeggiator patterns may contain controller data, particularly pitch wheel, which will similarly be MIDI Learned to controls. As soon as a MIDI controller arrives, Z3TA+ assigns it to the selected controls. The controls will display the new value according to the incoming controller value. Once a control is assigned, you can scale it (setting the minimum and maximum) and reverse the control polarity. To perform this operation, call the MIDI Learn menu again. New options will appear: Command
Add MIDI Control MIDI Forget Set Min Set Max Table 37.

Description
As it is possible to assign multiple controllers to any parameter, this option will always remain active. Removes the MIDI controller association from this parameter. Sets the minimum value this parameter will have, when the incoming MIDI control value is zero. Sets the minimum value this parameter will have, when the incoming MIDI control value is 127. MIDI Learn options

62 MIDI Learn

Command
Reverse Remove MIDI Control Change MIDI Config Table 37.

Description
Inverts the parameter polarity. Remove an assigned MIDI control. Choose one of ten available MIDI configurations.

MIDI Learn options (Continued)

Any MIDI controller can be learned except CC0, CC32 (bank change), CC120 (all sounds off), CC121 (all controllers off), and CC123 (all notes off). Aftertouch and pitch bend MIDI messages can also be assigned as standard controllers. When Pitchbend is assigned, the center will be calculated according to the min and max settings for selected parameter. In the Options menu (in the Master section), the Show MIDI Config File option displays all currently selected MIDI-learn settings as a text file. Z3TA+ allows you to store multiple MIDI configurations. To switch between configurations, right-click a control and choose Change MIDI Config on the pop-up menu.

Copy and Paste functions

You can copy and paste settings for shapers, oscillators, filters, LFOs, EGs and delays. To copy/paste settings for oscillators, filters, LFOs, EGs, or delays, right-click on its page selection button and choose Copy. Then right-click on the destination component and choose Paste. To copy/paste shaper settings to a different oscillator, right-click on the waveform in the Shaper window, choose Copy, select the destination oscillator, and choose Paste.

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64 Copy and Paste functions

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