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Thread Synchronization Java

Thread synchronization in Java is essential for controlling access to shared resources to prevent race conditions and ensure thread safety. It includes synchronized methods, synchronized blocks, and static synchronization to manage thread interactions effectively. Proper synchronization guarantees correct program output and data consistency in multi-threaded environments.

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10 views3 pages

Thread Synchronization Java

Thread synchronization in Java is essential for controlling access to shared resources to prevent race conditions and ensure thread safety. It includes synchronized methods, synchronized blocks, and static synchronization to manage thread interactions effectively. Proper synchronization guarantees correct program output and data consistency in multi-threaded environments.

Uploaded by

tgbsachin143
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thread Synchronization in Java

1. Introduction

Thread synchronization in Java means controlling the access of multiple threads to shared resources. It is

used to avoid problems such as race conditions, data inconsistency, and to ensure thread safety.

2. Why is Synchronization Needed?

Why is Synchronization Needed?

- To prevent two threads from accessing shared data at the same time.

- To avoid incorrect output or data loss.

- To make the program thread-safe.

- To maintain correct results in multi-threading.

3. Types of Synchronization in Java

Types of Synchronization in Java:

1. Synchronized Method:

Lock is applied to the entire method.

public synchronized void increment() {

count++;

2. Synchronized Block:

Only a specific part of code is locked.

synchronized(this) {

count++;

3. Static Synchronization:

Used for static methods (class-level lock).


Thread Synchronization in Java

public static synchronized void show() {

// code

4. Example Code

class Counter {
int count = 0;

public synchronized void increment() {


count++;
}
}

public class Example {


public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Counter c = new Counter();

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {


for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) c.increment();
});

Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {


for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) c.increment();
});

t1.start();
t2.start();

t1.join();
t2.join();

System.out.println("Final Count: " + c.count);


}
}

5. Conclusion

Without Synchronization:

Output may be less than 2000 due to race condition.

With Synchronization:
Thread Synchronization in Java

Output will be correct (Final Count: 2000).

Conclusion:

- Synchronization is used to control thread access to shared data.

- It ensures data consistency and thread safety.

- Java provides 'synchronized' keyword for this purpose.

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