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Data_Structures_and_Algorithms_Course_Content

The document outlines a comprehensive course on Data Structures and Algorithms, detailing various modules including Time Complexity, Arrays, Strings, and more. Each module includes definitions, examples, and implementations in C/Java, covering fundamental concepts and advanced techniques like dynamic programming and graph algorithms. The course aims to equip learners with practical skills to solve algorithmic problems effectively.

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ajay2912200
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10 views

Data_Structures_and_Algorithms_Course_Content

The document outlines a comprehensive course on Data Structures and Algorithms, detailing various modules including Time Complexity, Arrays, Strings, and more. Each module includes definitions, examples, and implementations in C/Java, covering fundamental concepts and advanced techniques like dynamic programming and graph algorithms. The course aims to equip learners with practical skills to solve algorithmic problems effectively.

Uploaded by

ajay2912200
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RZ 11/12 Extn.

Opp Hanuman Mandir, Pali factory


BIIT Classes road, Indra Park, Uttam Nagar, Delhi-110059
+91-7290803744, 8700652+91-7290803744,
8700652427427

Course: Data Structures and Algorithms

Module 1: Introduction to Time Complexity


 Big O Notation: Understanding the asymptotic behavior of algorithms.
 Example: Calculate the time complexity of a given algorithm in C/Java.
 Best, Average, and Worst Case Analysis: Different scenarios in algorithm performance.
 Common Complexities: O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n²), etc.
 Example: Compare sorting algorithms' complexities in C/Java.
 Amortized Analysis: Average performance over a sequence of operations.

Module 2: Arrays
 Definition and Properties: Basic structure and indexing.
 Example: Declare and initialize arrays in C/Java.
 Operations: Insertion, deletion, searching, and traversal.
 Example: Implement insertion and deletion in arrays.
 Multi-dimensional Arrays: 2D arrays and their applications.
 Example: Matrix operations in C/Java.
 Dynamic Arrays: Resizable arrays and their advantages.
 Example: Implement a dynamic array class in Java.

Module 3: Strings
 Basic Concepts: String definition and properties.
 Example: String manipulation in C (character arrays) and Java (String class).
 String Operations: Concatenation, substring, and comparison.
 Example: Write functions to concatenate and compare strings.
 String Matching Algorithms: Naive, KMP, Rabin-Karp.
 Example: Implement KMP algorithm in C/Java.
 Applications: Anagrams, palindromes, and pattern searching.
 Example: Check for anagrams and palindromes in C/Java.
Module 4: Binary Search
 Principles of Binary Search: Divide and conquer approach.
 Example: Implement binary search recursively and iteratively in C/Java.
 Implementation: Recursive and iterative methods.
 Applications: Finding elements in sorted arrays, lower/upper bounds.
 Example: Use binary search to find the first occurrence of an element.

Module 5: Two Pointers Technique


 Concept: Using two pointers to solve problems.
 Example: Implement two-pointer technique to solve pair sum problems in C/Java.
 Applications: Problems like pair sum, merging two sorted arrays.
 Example: Merge two sorted arrays using two pointers.
 Sliding Window: Fixed and variable-sized window problems.
 Example: Find the maximum sum of a subarray of size k.

Module 6: Recursion
 Definition: Function calling itself.
 Example: Implement recursive functions for factorial and Fibonacci in C/Java.
 Base Case and Recursive Case: Fundamental components of recursion.
 Problems: Factorial, Fibonacci, and backtracking problems.
 Example: Solve the N-Queens problem using recursion.
 Recursion vs Iteration: Pros and cons.

Module 7: Hashing
 Concept: Mapping keys to values.
 Example: Implement a simple hash table in C/Java.
 Hash Functions: Creating efficient hash functions.
 Collision Handling: Chaining, open addressing.
 Example: Handle collisions using chaining.
 Applications: Hash tables, sets, and maps.
 Example: Use Java's HashMap and C's hash table for dictionary implementation.

Module 8: Sorting
 Basic Sorting Algorithms: Bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort.
 Example: Implement these algorithms in C/Java.
 Efficient Sorting Algorithms: Merge sort, quick sort, heap sort.
 Example: Write merge sort and quick sort functions.
 Specialized Sorting: Counting sort, radix sort, bucket sort.
 Example: Implement counting sort in C/Java.
 Stability and In-place Sorting: Understanding these properties.

Module 9: Bit Manipulation


 Basics: Understanding binary numbers and bitwise operations.
 Example: Perform bitwise operations in C/Java.
 Bitwise Operators: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, shifts.
 Applications: Counting bits, swapping numbers, and more.
 Example: Write functions to count set bits and swap two numbers.

Module 10: Stacks


 Definition and Properties: LIFO principle.
 Example: Implement stack using arrays and linked lists in C/Java.
 Operations: Push, pop, peek.
 Implementation: Using arrays and linked lists.
 Applications: Expression evaluation, balancing symbols.
 Example: Check for balanced parentheses in an expression.

Module 11: Queues


 Definition and Properties: FIFO principle.
 Example: Implement queue using arrays and linked lists in C/Java.
 Operations: Enqueue, dequeue, front, rear.
 Types: Circular queue, priority queue, deque.
 Example: Implement a circular queue.
 Applications: Scheduling, buffering, breadth-first search.
 Example: Implement BFS using a queue.

Module 12: Linked Lists


 Basics: Nodes and pointers.
 Example: Implement singly and doubly linked lists in C/Java.
 Types: Singly, doubly, circular linked lists.
 Operations: Insertion, deletion, searching, and traversal.
 Example: Write functions for inserting and deleting nodes.
 Applications: Implementing stacks, queues, and adjacency lists.
 Example: Convert a binary tree to a linked list.
Module 13: Trees
 Basic Concepts: Nodes, edges, root, leaves.
 Example: Implement a binary tree and its traversals in C/Java.
 Binary Trees: Types, properties, and traversals (preorder, inorder, postorder).
 Binary Search Trees: Operations and properties.
 Example: Implement BST operations.
 Balanced Trees: AVL trees, red-black trees.
 Example: Implement AVL tree rotations.
 Tree Applications: Expression trees, Huffman coding.

Module 14: Tries


 Definition: Prefix trees.
 Example: Implement trie insert and search operations in C/Java.
 Operations: Insertion, searching, deletion.
 Applications: Autocomplete, spell checking, IP routing.

Module 15: Heaps


 Concept: Binary heaps.
 Example: Implement min-heap and max-heap in C/Java.
 Types: Min-heap, max-heap.
 Operations: Insertion, deletion, heapify.
 Example: Write heap sort using a binary heap.
 Applications: Priority queues, heap sort.

Module 16: Greedy Algorithms


 Concept: Making the locally optimal choice.
 Example: Implement activity selection problem in C/Java.
 Examples: Activity selection, Huffman coding, Kruskal’s algorithm.
 Example: Implement Kruskal’s algorithm for MST.
 Proof of Correctness: Demonstrating why greedy works.

Module 17: Dynamic Programming


 Principles: Overlapping subproblems, optimal substructure.
 Example: Implement Fibonacci using memoization and tabulation in C/Java.
 Techniques: Memoization, tabulation.
 Problems: Knapsack, longest common subsequence, matrix chain multiplication.
 Example: Solve the knapsack problem using dynamic programming.
Module 18: Graphs
 Basic Concepts: Vertices, edges, adjacency matrix, adjacency list.
 Example: Implement graph representation in C/Java.
 Traversal Algorithms: Depth-first search (DFS), breadth-first search (BFS).
 Example: Implement DFS and BFS.
 Shortest Path Algorithms: Dijkstra’s, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall.
 Example: Implement Dijkstra’s algorithm.
 Minimum Spanning Tree: Kruskal’s and Prim’s algorithms.
 Example: Implement Prim’s algorithm.
 Advanced Topics: Topological sorting, strongly connected components.

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