PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON [EARNING OUTCOMES) atthe end of this chapter, the students will be able to: © understand different types of statements in Python. «= Apply conditional statements in Python programs, «= Implement iterative statements for repetitive tasks. «= Explore and utilise various data structures in Python. A Preview (@®) Tippy: Hey Aliva! Ready to dive deeper into ‘ Pychon programming? Aliva: Absolutely! I've been practicing the basics we learned earlier. What's next? ; Zippy: Today, we're going to explore more advanced concepts in Python 3.12 We'll learn about different types of statements, conditional programming, loops, and some really cool data structures! Aliva: Sounds exciting! Lec’ get started! DIFFERENT TYPES OF STATEMENTS In Python, statements are instructions that perform specific actio ns. They form the building blocks of our programs. Let's explore some common types of statements: 1. Assignment Statements: These statements assign values to variables. Example: x = 5 2. Expression Statements: These evaluate an expression and disc ample: print("Hello, World!") ard the result. Programming in Pythonh 3. Compound Statements: These contain groups of other statements and contro} te 7 execution. Examples: if statements, for loops, while loops, functions “S [7 trpes.ot statements py - D/Samunder Grewal/types.of statements py (3.124) — © ax File E&t_Fermat_Run Options Window Help [x = 200 “ lyn ss atx Princ (*x is greacer than y.") ise: print("x is net greater than y.") U6 Cots] A Desa =o x [Preton 3.12.4 (eaaa/ vias: Type “heip*, *copyet x 45 qreacer whan y. 2 braces {} or keywords. met AX Computer studies -8 Fle Ede shex_Detug Options Window Help © Python uses indentation to define code blocks, unlike many other © programming languages that use jv3.12-4rBebatba, Jun € 2014, 19130116) [HSE ¥.1940 4 Dit (MDE) on «| ight, “credits* or *License()* for more information. RESTART: D:/Samundex Grewal/cypes_of_staceaents.py — tee Cok6, ——-~--— [BEET 1. What is the purpose of an assignment statement?NALSTATEMENTS Meacements are Tike decision-makers in ail ed on different situations, just like hy ot od? pe onditional statements allow our pro, nt het aS follow an “if-then-else” logic, whic} atl peeing. The’ tions Your code. They help your program choose ‘ow you decide what to wear depending on grams to make decisions based on certain h can be represented in a flowchart: If statement flowchart if (expression), ‘Statement(s)_ rest of code spPrhon, we use 'f, ‘elif (else i, and ‘else’ statements for conditional execution. Here's a ce eamprehensive example: “python #Get user's age age = intlinput("Enter your age: ")) Determine ticket price based on age ifege < 5: price = 0 category lif age < 13: Price = 5 category = “child” elf age < 18; Price = 10 category = "teenager" tif age < 69; Price = 15 we ‘adult" Price = g “ategory al “senior” Programming in Python 124# Print the result a mo print(f"You are a {category}. Your ticket price is $(pricel.") # Additional check for special discount if age == 50: oe print("Congratulations! You get a special bi rthday discount!") {hr condiionai statements py - D/Semunder Grewal/conditional_statements py (3.124) File Edit Format Run Options Window _Help @ Get user's age age = ine(inpur ("Enter your age: “)) # Determine ticker price based on age Af age < 8: price = Category = “infant” etic age < 13+ price = 5 Sategory = “cnia~ elit age < le: price = 10 Category = “teenager” ee 6Or price = 15 Category = “edule” elset price = 0 Category = “senior” # Print the resuie print (eYou are a (category). Your ticket price 1s ¢(price).7) # Addicional check for special discount ie age == sor DEAnt("Congratularions! You get a special bircnday discount? Te IDLE She 2a Fite 6 Shell_Debug Options Window Help on vin32 Type “help, "copyright", "credits" or *license()" for more information. >>> = RESTART: D:/Samunder Grewal/conditional_statements.py Enter your age: 17 You are a teenager. Your ticket price 1s £10. >>>] Python 3012.4 (eags/v3-12.4:0e0atba, Jun 6 2024, 19:30:16) [WSC v.1940 64 bic GuDEA) 4| Se’ a Computer Studies - 8 te? Coedsted conditional statem strates Ne ents and h y i e ne decisions. ‘ow they can be used to categorise yon fast - ESE e the output if the user enters 16 as their ager fe b wero jon wold 0" ab jarive STATEMENTS sce statements, also called loops, are like a repeating machine in your code. They let | realise same thing over and over again without writing the same code multiple times, like ad? «from 1 to 10 or checking each item in a lst. It allows us to repeat a block of code sti Here are flowcharts for the two main types of loops in Python: pute times. FOR LOOP WHILE LOOP. | 2ore we start learning about loops, we need to understand the Range( ) function. The rage(l, 1) function in Python generates a sequence of numbers starting from 1 up to, but tinduding, 11, ead the explanation below regarding the working of Range( ) function: \ The first argument, 1, specifies the starting value of the sequence, = 2 The second argument, 11, specifies the end value of the sequence, which is not included. The sequence will increment by 1 by default. "2ee(1, 11) will generate the numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 ake Programming in Python ai ts: iteration statemen' Nov, it's time to learn the 1. For Loop: python # Print a multiplicatio number = int(input("Enter print(f'Multiplication table bl Co os ae for multiplication table: for (number):") for i in range(1, 11): result = number * i print(f"{numberl x (i) = (result!") [& multiplication. table.py - D/Samunder' GrewaV/multiplication table.py (3.124) File Edit Format Run Options_Window Help ¥ Print a multiplication table nunber = int (input ("Enter a nunber for multiplication table: ")) { print ("Multiplication table for (number):") for 4 in range(1, 12] result = number * i print (f"{number) x {i} = (result}") . ia Le Gat) IDLE Shen 312A Fie Edt Shell Debug Options Window Hep =) os) Python 3.12.4 (tags/v3.12.4:008a! Frees 3 2-428eGadba, Jun 6 2024, 19230316) [MSC v.1940 €4 bit GDH] | Type "helps, “copyrighe®, le crests or “lcente(* for wore snforncion = RESTART: D:/Samunde: : = RETO: pi/sumnte tern\mtistcaion snip : a a 2 z : z 3 : KKK >>| SEE ey és a Computer Studies - 8__tcrwelcome to the Number Guessing Game!") mcm thinking of a number between 1 and 100,") pn ile True : = egg = intinput("Take a guess:")) attempts += 1 if guess < secret_number: print("Too low! Try again. if guess > secret_number: print("Too high! Try again.") else: print({"Congratulations! You guessed the number in {attempts} attempts!") break [7p wie sutementpy - D/Semunder GrewaUwhile statement py (3.124) Fie ESt Format_Run Options Window Help F Guessing gene sport random ‘teeret_number = random.randint (1, 100) treapts = 0 His: ("Kelcone to the Number Guessing Gane!") int ("I'm thinking of @ number between 1 and 100.") Mite tee; Guess = ine (inpuc (* 14 put ("Take a guess: *)) attempts += 1 ‘f guess < secret_number: euPE8 (Too low! Tey again.") guess > secret_nunbe exe 2!8€CToo hight Try ine") ) acrenpts!") Bilae(t*congratutationa! You gueased she musber $2 (ASSIS Treat cot0) Sele Programming in Python a[A IDLE Shen 3.124 sy File Eéit Shell Debug Options Window Help ® Python 3.12.4 (taga/v3.12.4;8eGadba, Jun € 2024, 19230216) (HSC ¥.1840 ey Bye way | on win32 ‘Ty Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or “license()" for more information, f >>o| = RESTART: D:/Samunder Greval/unile_statenent-py Welcone to the Nurber Guessing Gane’ I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Take a guess: 83 Too high! Try again. Take @ guess: 23 Too high! Try again, Take a guess: $5 Too high! Try again. Take a guess: 8 | Too low! Try again. Take a guess: 70 Too high! Try again. Take a guess: 15 Congratulations! You guessed the number in 6 atterpts! >>>! Lee 19” Coed) -@ The ‘break’ statement in the while lo 7 Rea examples demonstrate how loops can be used example is used to exit the loop whe, repeat actions (like creating a multiplication table) © the correct number is guessed. Python or continue a process until a condition is met (like n also has a ‘continue’ statement, which guessing the correct number). skips the rest of the current iteration |, and moves to the next one. How would you modify the multiplication table code to print tables from 1 to 5? 1 1um of 10 guesses? 2. In the guessing game, how could you limit the player to a maxim DATA STRUCTURES IN PYTHON Data structures help us organise and store data efficiently. Python provides powerful ta for efficiently organising and storing information. This section introduces four key built i data structures: lists (ordered and mutable), tuples (ordered and immutable), dictions (unordered key-value pairs), and sets (unordered collections of unique items), each with i! own unique properties and use cases. Set AX Computer studies - 8 =getsiled description of the built-in data structures: were, mutable collections of items, a , "banana", "cherry"] s¢iruits(0)) # Outputs: apple sppondt date") .) # Outputs: ["apple’, “banana”, ‘cherry’, “date*] fered, immutable collections of items. sits ne print (10, 20) penqcoorinatest1D # Outputs: 20 s: Unordered collections of key-value pairs. 3 pictionarie gxomple: tudent{"name"]) # Outputs: Alice name": "Alice". "age": 14, "grade": 8} 4 ste Unordered collestions of unique items, Example: saigue_numbers = {1, 2, 3,3,4,4, 5) intanigue numbers) # Outputs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Poeser324 = oF x fe EX Shel Debug Options Window _Help Fries 9012-4 (tags/v3-12.420e0a¢ba, Jun 7308 e a3 C200, 1901) TSC VIS GF bie DENT A Se ‘help*, "copyright", "credits or "License()" for more informa: ooitmuite = (Tepple", "banana", "chezry"] >» grist traits(01) rae >» seus append ("date") on) price (trutesy jpllltslet, ‘banana’, ‘cherry, ‘dace*] ies cat}L dow Help ¥3.12. Re fon wins? >>>] coordinates= (10,20) >>>] print (coordinates (11) 20 Type "nelp*, “copyright®, "eredite* oF tba, Jun @ 2024, 1919016) (HSC v.1940 64 bie egy “ License ()" for more information, — Ea LE Shell 3.124 Fle Edt Shet_ Debug Option Window Help Python 3.124 (eage/ya. 12.428 on wind ‘Type “hetp*, “copyright, “create, doo] studente(nane" rraliee >o>| print (stodent ["nane*}) Baace >>| jasba, Jun 6 2024, 19130116) (MSC v.1940 64 bic (umDea)) —,| 192114, "arade":0) Soe or "License()* for more information. eco} TA IDLE She 3.124 Fie Eét Shel Debug Options Window Help on win32 ‘Type “he1p* >>>| unsque_numbers=(1,2,3,3,4,4,5) >>> | print (unique_numbers) (1, 2, 3 4, 5) >>>] Python 3.12.4 (tags/v3.12.4:8eGatba, Jun 6 2024, 19:30:16) (HSC v.1940 €4 bit (AMDEA)] Al "copyright", “credits* or "License()" for more information. - oO x! a Computer Studies - 8 Le6_cot)y ee EE main difference between a list and a tuple? the i 1 nes rede co experiment with diferent data structures by creat : ee sends on approach will help solidity ther meee small programs that utilise (prs Look BACK “a py uses indentation to define code blocks. cents (if, elif, else) allow programs to make decisions. “4 Conditional statern rte are used when the numberof iterations is known in advance 1 lops repeat as long, as a condition is true. “tesa mutable ordered collections of items. “sles ae immutable, ordered collections of items. | + diionares store key-value pairs. fem unordered collections of unique items. tn SE sor ld “ee ae fany online platfo 1 help reinforce the once to practice Python programming regularly M beginners. This consistent practice will Programming in PythonA. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which of the following is not a type of statement in Python? a. Assignment b. Expression c, Compound d. Paragraph 2. What does the ‘elif keyword stand for in Python? a. Else if b. Else in loop c. Else input d. End loop ig 3. Which loop is used when you know the number of iterations in advance? a. While loop b. For loop c. Do-while loop 4. Repeat loop 4, What data structure in Python stores key-value pairs? a. List b. Tuple c. Dictionary d. Set 5. Which of these is a mutable data structure in Python? a. Tuple b. String c. List d. Integer B. Fill in the blanks with one word. 1. Python uses . to define code blocks. . statement is used to exit a loop prematurely. is an ordered, immutable collection of items in Python. _ function in Python generates a sequence of numbers. __ is an unordered collection of unique items in Python. C. Match the following: Column I Column II 1. if-elif-else a. Iterative statement 2. for loop b. Unordered collection 3. List c. Conditional statement 4 d. Ordered, mutable collection e. Key-value pairs . Dictionary 5, Set D. Short Answer Type Questions L Explain the difference between a ‘for’ loop and a ‘while’ loop in Python. 2. What is the purpose of conditional statements in programming? sa BX computer Studies -8oq a dictionary differ from a list in Python? . in cacor Type Questions yon "9 the concept of nested conditional E fae peseribe I statements with an example. : pai how you would use a ‘for’ loop to create a simple number guessing game in on. 3, Compare and contrast the four main data structures in Python: lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets. E Application Based Questions 1 Write a Python program that uses a ‘whill all even numbers from 1 to 20. J! loop to calculate the sum of GAGE)2. Create a Python program that uses a dictionary to store and display information about your favorite books (title, author, year). 3. Design a program that uses conditional statements to determine if a given & year is a leap year or not. G. Case Study Based Questions Directions (Questions 1 to 2): Examine the following case study carefully and answer ty questions that follow: You are designing a simple quiz game using Python. The game should ask the playy 5 multiple-choice questions, keep track of their score, and display the final result. 1. How would you structure this program using the concepts learned in this chapter? 2. Describe the data structures and control flow you would use. H. Assertion-Reason Type Questions Directions (Questions 1 to 2): In each of the following questions, a statement: of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Study both the statements and state which ofthe} following options is correct. 1. Assertion (A): Python uses indentation to define code blocks. Reason (R): Indentation in Python is optional and doesn’t affect the program's executie | | a, Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. LY Computer studies -8(ay: Tuples in Python are immutable. tio® \ ghe items in a tuple cannot be changed : 2 erertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Rencent a a ph focion of Assertion (A). ex? ‘Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but p Both? “tion of Assertion (A). esplani™n (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 'A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. Reason (R) is not the correct eo gases jects 7 H , ve ate pasic calculator program that can perform addition, subtraction, cra ation, and division based on use input. mi celop a program that simulates a simple inventory management system) 2 ‘mall store, using appropriate data structures to store and manipulate ~~ product information. yer with aiflerent loop structures to generate various patterns ofastershs (+) on t ge soeen- . (tea program that reads alist of numbers from the user and uses data structures to find 2 ehighst. lowest, and average values.