CHAPTER 6

s PROBLEM 6.2
s
50 mm For the built-up beam of Prob. 6.1, determine the allowable shear if
the spacing between each pair of nails is s  45 mm.
50 mm
50 mm PROBLEM 6.1 Three full-size 50  100-mm boards are nailed
together to form a beam that is subjected to a vertical shear of 1500 N.
Knowing that the allowable shearing force in each nail is 400 N,
100 mm determine the largest longitudinal spacing s that can be used between
each pair of nails.

SOLUTION
1 3 1
I  bh  (100)(150)3  28.125  106 mm 4
12 12
 28.125  106 m 4
A  (100)(50)  5000 mm 2
y1  50 mm
Q  A y1  250  103 mm3  250  106 m3
VQ
q  qs  2 Fnail
I
VQ 2 Fnail
Eliminating q, 
I s
2IFnail (2)(28.125  106 )(400)
Solving for V, V    2.00  103 N
Qs (250  106 )(45  103 )
V  2.00 kN ◄

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894
 1
2
in. PROBLEM 6.12
10 kips 10 kips
8 in.
a For the beam and loading shown, consider
n 4 in.
1
2
in. section n-n and determine (a) the largest shearing
stress in that section, (b) the shearing stress at
n point a.
4 in.
16 in. 12 in. 16 in.

SOLUTION

By symmetry, RA  RB .

Fy  0: RA  RB  10  10  0
RA  RB  10 kips

From the shear diagram, V  10 kips at n-n.

1 1
I  b2h23  b1h13
12 12
1 1
 (4)(4)3  (3)(3)3  14.5833 in 4
12 12
1 1
(a) Q  A1 y1  A2 y2  (3)   (1.75)  (2)   (2)(1)  4.625 in 3
2 2
1 1
t    1 in.
2 2
VQ (10)(4.625)
 max    max  3.17 ksi 
It (14.5833)(1)

1
(b) Q  Ay  (4)   (1.75)  3.5 in 3
2
1 1
t    1 in.
2 2
VQ (10)(3.5)
    a  2.40 ksi 
It (14.5833)(1)

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905
 PROBLEM 6.19
P A timber beam AB of length L and rectangular cross section carries a
L/2 L/2 b single concentrated load P at its midpoint C. (a) Show that the ratio
A
C
B h
 m / m of the maximum values of the shearing and normal stresses in
the beam is equal to 2h/L, where h and L are, respectively, the depth and
the length of the beam. (b) Determine the depth h and the width b of the
beam, knowing that L  2 m, P  40 kN,  m  960 kPa, and
 m  12 MPa.

SOLUTION

Reactions: RA  RB  P/2 

P
(1) Vmax  RA 
2
(2) A  bh for rectangular section.
3 Vmax 3P
(3) m   for rectangular section.
2 A 4bh
PL
(4) M max 
4
1 2
(5) S  bh for rectangular section.
6
M max 3PL
(6) m  
S 2bh 2
m h
(a)  
 m 2L

2 L m (2)(2)(960  103 )
(b) Solving for h, h   320  103 m h  320 mm 
m 12  10 6

Solving Eq. (3) for b,

3P (3)(40  103 )
b   97.7  103 m b  97.7 mm 
4h m (4)(320  103 )(960  103 )

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913
 PROBLEM 6.28

b A beam having the cross section shown is subjected to a vertical shear V. Determine
(a) the horizontal line along which the shearing stress is maximum, (b) the constant k in
the following expression for the maximum shearing stress
h
V
 max  k
A

where A is the cross-sectional area of the beam.

SOLUTION

1 1 3
A bh I  bh
2 36
For a cut at location y,
1  by  by 2
A( y)    y 
2 h  2h
2 2
y ( y)  h y
3 3
by 2
Q( y)  Ay  (h  y )
3
by
t ( y) 
h
2
by
VQ V 3 (h  y) 12Vy(h  y) 12V
 ( y)     (hy  y 2 )
It 1 bh3 ) by
( 36 bh 3
bh 3
h

d
(a) To find location of maximum of  , set  0.
dy

d 12V 1
 ( h  2 ym )  0 ym  h, i.e., at mid-height 
dy bh3 2

12V  1 2  1   3V
2
12V 3V 3
(b) m  3
2
(hym  ym )  3
 h   h    k   1.500 
bh bh  2  2   bh 2A 2

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922
1.5
0.8 0.8
1.5
PROBLEM 6.31
4

0.8
The built-up beam was made by gluing together several wooden planks.
A B Knowing that the beam is subjected to a 1200-lb vertical shear, determine
3.2 the average shearing stress in the glued joint (a) at A, (b) at B.

0.8

Dimensions in inches

SOLUTION

1 1 
I  2  (0.8)(4.8)3  (7)(0.8)3  (7)(0.8)(2.0) 2 
12 12 
 60.143 in 4
(a) Aa  (1.5)(0.8)  1.2 in 2 ya  2.0 in.
3
Qa  Aa ya  2.4 in
ta  0.8 in.
VQa (1200)(2.4)
a    a  59.9 psi 
Ita (60.143)(0.8)
(b) Ab  (4)(0.8)  3.2 in 2 yb  2.0 in.
Qb  Ab yb  (3.2)(2.0)  6.4 in 3
tb  (2)(0.8)  1.6 in.
VQb (1200)(6.4)
b     b  79.8 psi 
Itb (60.143)(1.6)

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925
 120 PROBLEM 6.37
50 50

10
Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes a maximum shearing stress of
c 75 MPa in an extruded beam having the cross section shown, determine the
40
b shearing stress at the three points indicated.
30
a 160
30

40
10

20 20
Dimensions in mm

SOLUTION

VQ
  τ is proportional to Q/t.
It
Point c: Qc  (30)(10)(75)
 22.5  103 mm3
tc  10 mm
Qc /tc  2250 mm 2
Point b: Qb  Qc  (20)(50)(55)
 77.5  103 mm3
tb  20 mm
Qb /tb  3875 mm 2
Point a: Qa  2Qb  (120)(30)(15)
 209  103 mm3
ta  120 mm
Qa /ta  1741.67 mm 2
(Q/t )m occurs at b.  m   b  75 MPa
a b c
 
Qa /ta Qb /tb Qc /tc
a 75 MPa a
2
 2

1741.67 mm 3875 mm 2250 mm 2
 a  33.7 MPa 
 b  75.0 MPa 
 c  43.5 MPa 

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931
 60 mm A PROBLEM 6.49

An extruded beam has the cross section shown and a uniform wall
30 mm thickness of 3 mm. For a vertical shear of 10 kN, determine (a) the
shearing stress at point A, (b) the maximum shearing stress in the beam.
Also, sketch the shear flow in the cross section.
28 mm
16 mm 16 mm

SOLUTION

16
tan     28.07
30

Side: A  (3 sec  )(30)  102 mm 2

1
I  (3 sec  )(30)3  7.6498  103 mm 4
12

Part A (mm 2 ) y0 (mm) A y (103 mm3 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (103 mm 4 ) I (103 mm 4 )

Top 180 30 5.4 11.932 25.627 neglect
Side 102 15 1.53 3.077 0.966 7.6498
Side 102 15 1.53 3.077 0.966 7.6498
Bot. 84 0 0 18.077 27.449 neglect
Σ 468 8.46 55.008 15.2996

A y 8.46  103
Y0    18.077 mm
A 468
I  Ad 2  I  70.31  103 mm 4  70.31  109 m 4

(a) QA  (180)(11.932)  2.14776  103 mm3  2.14776  10 6 m3

t  (2)(3  103 )  6  103 m

VQ (10  103 )(2.14776  106 )
A   9 6
 50.9  106 Pa  A  50.9 MPa 
It (70.31  10 )(6  10 )

1 
(b) Qm  QA  (2)(3 sec  )(11.932)   11.932 
2 
 2.14776  103  484.06  2.6318  103 mm3
 2.6318  106 m3
t  6  103 m

VQm (10  103 )(2.6318  106 )

m    62.4  106 Pa  m  62.4 MPa 
It (70.31  109 )(6  103 )

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943
 PROBLEM 6.49 (Continued)

QB  (28)(3)(18.077)  1.51847  103 mm3

QB 1.51847  103
B  A  (50.9)
QA 2.14776  103
 36.0 MPa

Multiply shearing stresses by t (3 mm  0.003 m) to get shear flow.

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944
90 mm
PROBLEM 6.56

A composite beam is made by attaching the timber and steel portions shown with
84 mm
bolts of 12-mm diameter spaced longitudinally every 200 mm. The modulus of
elasticity is 10 GPa for the wood and 200 GPa for the steel. For a vertical shear of
90 mm
4 kN, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the bolts, (b) the shearing stress
at the center of the cross section. (Hint: Use the method indicated in Prob. 6.55.)
6 mm 140 mm 6 mm

SOLUTION

Let steel be the reference material.

Ew 10 GPa
ns  1.0 nw    0.05
Es 200 GPa
Depth of section: d  90  84  90  264 mm
1 3  1 
For steel portion, Is  2 bd  (2)   (6)(264)3  18.400  106 mm 4
12  12 

For the wooden portion, Iw 

1
12

b d13  d 23  1
12
(140)(2643  843 )  207.75  106 mm 4

For the transformed section, I  ns I s  nw I w

I  (1.0)(18.400  106 )  (0.05)(207.75  106 )  28.787  106 mm 4  28.787  106 m 4

(a) Shearing stress in the bolts.

For the upper wooden portion, Qw  (90)(140)(42  45)  1.0962  106 mm3
For the transformed wooden portion,

Q  nwQw  (0.05)(1.0962  106 )  54.81  103 mm3  54.81  106 m3

Shear flow on upper wooden portion:
VQ (4000)(54.81  106 )
q   7616 N/m
I 28.787  106
Fbolt  qs  (7616)(0.200)  1523.2 N

 
Abolt  2
d bolt  (12) 2  113.1 mm 2  113.1  106 m 2
4 4
Fbolt 1523.2
Double shear:  bolt  
2 Abolt (2)(113.1  106 )

 6.73  106 Pa  bolt  6.73 MPa 




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951
 PROBLEM 6.56 (Continued)

(b) Shearing stress at the center of the cross section.

For two steel plates, Qs  (2)(6)(90  42)(90  42)  76.032  103 mm3  76.032  106 m3

For the neutral axis, Q  54.81  106  76.032  106  130.842  106 m3
Shear flow across the neutral axis:
VQ (4000)(130.842  106 )
q  6
 18.181  103 N/m
I 28.787  10
Double thickness: 2t  12 mm  0.012 m

q 18.181  103
Shearing stress:     1.515  106 Pa
2t 0.012
  1.515 MPa 

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952
 A
a
B
PROBLEM 6.61

a Determine the location of the shear center O of a thin-walled beam of uniform

D E thickness having the cross section shown.

O a
e
F G
a

H J

SOLUTION
2
 3a  1 9
I AB  I HJ  at    at 3  ta 3
 2 12 4
2
a 1 1
I DE  I FG  at    at 3  ta 2
 2  12 4
1 9
I AH  t (3a )3  ta 3
12 4
29 3
I  I  ta
4
3a 3
Part AB: A  tx y Q  atx
2 2
VQ V  2 atx
3
6Vx
  3

It 29
4
ta t 29a 2 t
a 6Vx 6V a 3

F1   dA   0 2
29a t
t dx 
29a 2  0
x dx 
29
V

a 1
Part DE: A  tx y Q  atx
2 2
VQ V  2 atx
1
2Vx
  3

It 29
4
ta t 29 a 2t
a 2Vx 2V a 1

F2   dA   0 2
29a t
t dx 
29a 2  0
x dx 
29
V

M K  M K : Ve  F1 (3a )  F2 (a )
9 1 10
 Va  Va  Va
29 29 29
10
e a e  0.345a 
29

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958
 A PROBLEM 6.69
1
in. 2 in.
4
B
Determine the location of the shear center O of a thin-walled beam of uniform
3 in. thickness having the cross section shown.
O
D
3 in.
r E
2 in.

F
4 in.

SOLUTION

1
LDB  42  32  5 in. ADB  LDBt  (5)    1.25 in 2
4
1 1
I DB  AAB h 2    (1.25)(3)2  3.75 in 4
3 3
1 1 3 1 2 4
I AB    (2)    (2)(4)  8.1667 in
12  4  4
I  (2)(3.75)  (2)(8.1667)  23.833 in 4
1
Part AB: A (5  y) in 2
4
1
y  (5  y) in.
2
1 1
Q  Ay  (5  y)(5  y)  (25  y 2 )
8 8
VQ V (25  y 2 ) V (25  y 2 )
   
It (8)(23.833)(0.25) 47.667
5 V (25  y2) 1
F1    dA   3  dy
(47.667) 4
5
V  1 
  25 y  y 3 
190.667  3 3
V  1 1 
 (25)(5)  (5)3  (25)(3)  (3)3   0.09091V
190.667  3 3 
MD  M D : Ve  2F1(4)  0.7273V e  0.727 in. 

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971
 50 mm 50 mm PROBLEM 6.76
A
D
6 mm
F
A thin-walled beam has the cross section shown. Determine the
O
60 mm location of the shear center O of the cross section.
80 mm 40 mm

G
E
B
e

SOLUTION

Let h1  AB  h, h2  DE , h3  FG

I 
1
12

t h13  h23  h33 
1 
Part AB: A   h1  y  t
 2 
11 
y   h1  y 
22 
1 1  1 
Q  Ay  t  h1  y  h1  y 
2 2  2 
1 1 2 
 t  h1  y 2 
2 4 
VQ V 1 2 2
    h1  y 
It 2I  4 
1h V 1 2 2
F1    dA   2 1 h1  h1  y  t dy
1 2 2I  4 
1
h1
Vt  1 2 y3  2
  h1 y  
2I  4 3  1
 h1
2

Vt  1 2 1
3
1  h1  Vth13
 h1 h1    
I 4 2 3 2   12 I
 
h13V

h13  h23  h33

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978
 PROBLEM 6.76 (Continued)

h23V
Likewise, for Part DE, F2 
h13  h23  h33
h33V
and for Part FG, F3 
h13  h23  h33
bh23  2bh33
M H  M H : Ve  bF2  2bF3  V
h13  h23  h33
h23  2h33 (60)3  (2)(40)3
e b (50)
h13 3
 h2  h3 3
(80)3  (60)3  (40)3
 21.7 mm e  21.7 mm ◄

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979
 PROBLEM 6.83*

A steel plate, 160 mm wide and 8 mm thick, is bent to form the channel
B shown. Knowing that the vertical load P acts at a point in the midplane of
the web of the channel, determine (a) the torque T that would cause the
100 mm
A channel to twist in the same way that it does under the load P,
(b) the maximum shearing stress in the channel caused by the load P.

D
E
P ⫽ 15 kN
30 mm

SOLUTION

Use results of Example 6.06 with b  30 mm, h  100 mm, and t  8 mm.
b 30
e   9.6429 mm  9.6429  103 m
2  3b 2  (3)(30)
h 100

1 2 1
I th (6b  h)  (8)(100)2 [(16)(30)  100]  1.86667  106 mm 4  1.86667  106 m 4
12 12
3
V  15  10 N
(a) T  Ve  (15  103 )(9.6429  103 ) T  144.6 N  m 

Stress at neutral axis due to V:

h  h  h  1
Q  bt t   th(h  4b)
2  2 
 4  8
1
 (8)(100) 100  (4)(30)  22  103 mm3  22  106 m3
8
t  8  103 m
VQ (15  103 )(22  106 )
V   6 3
 22.10  106 Pa  22.10 MPa
It (1.86667  10 )(8  10 )

Stress due to T : a  2b  h  160 mm  0.160 m

1 t  1 8 
c1  1  0.630   1  (0.630)  0.3228
3 a 3 160 
T 144.64
V  2
 3 2
 43.76  106 Pa  43.76 MPa
c1at (0.3228)(0.160)(8  10 )
(b) By superposition,  max   V   T  max  65.9 MPa 

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