Pseudo code to Python Translation Guide
Uploaded by
Liane RegnardPseudo code to Python Translation Guide
Uploaded by
Liane RegnardPseudocode to Python Translation Guide
Basic Syntax Comparison
Concept Pseudocode Python
Output OUTPUT "Hello" print("Hello")
Input INPUT name name = input()
Assignment total ← 0 total = 0
Comments // This is a comment # This is a comment
Selection (If Statements)
Pseudocode:
IF age >= 18 THEN
OUTPUT "You can vote"
ELSE
OUTPUT "Too young to vote"
ENDIF
Python:
if age >= 18:
print("You can vote")
else:
print("Too young to vote")
Multiple Conditions
Pseudocode:
IF score >= 90 THEN
OUTPUT "Grade A"
ELSE IF score >= 70 THEN
OUTPUT "Grade B"
ELSE IF score >= 50 THEN
OUTPUT "Grade C"
ELSE
OUTPUT "Fail"
ENDIF
Python:
if score >= 90:
print("Grade A")
elif score >= 70:
print("Grade B")
elif score >= 50:
print("Grade C")
else:
print("Fail")
Iteration - For Loops
Pseudocode:
FOR i ← 1 TO 5
OUTPUT i
NEXT i
Python:
for i in range(1, 6): # Note: range(1, 6) gives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
print(i)
Iteration - While Loops
Pseudocode:
counter ← 1
WHILE counter <= 5 DO
OUTPUT counter
counter ← counter + 1
ENDWHILE
Python:
counter = 1
while counter <= 5:
print(counter)
counter = counter + 1 # or counter += 1
Iteration - Repeat Until
Pseudocode:
counter ← 1
REPEAT
OUTPUT counter
counter ← counter + 1
UNTIL counter > 5
Python:
counter = 1
while True:
print(counter)
counter = counter + 1
if counter > 5:
break
OR
counter = 1
while not (counter > 5):
print(counter)
counter = counter + 1
Arrays/Lists
Pseudocode:
DECLARE numbers : ARRAY[1:5] OF INTEGER
numbers[1] ← 10
numbers[2] ← 20
OUTPUT numbers[1]
Python:
numbers = [0] * 5 # Creates [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
# Python uses 0-based indexing!
numbers[0] = 10 # First element
numbers[1] = 20 # Second element
print(numbers[0])
Functions/Procedures
Pseudocode (Procedure):
PROCEDURE greet(name)
OUTPUT "Hello, " + name
ENDPROCEDURE
greet("Alex")
Python:
def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
greet("Alex")
Pseudocode (Function):
FUNCTION square(number)
RETURN number * number
ENDFUNCTION
result ← square(4)
OUTPUT result
Python:
def square(number):
return number * number
result = square(4)
print(result)
Essential Programming Constructs
1. Variables and Constants
Python:
# Variables
name = "Alex" # String
age = 16 # Integer
height = 1.75 # Float
is_student = True # Boolean
# Constants (by convention, use uppercase)
PI = 3.14159
MAX_STUDENTS = 30
Key points:
• Python automatically determines data types
• Variable names should be descriptive
• Cannot use reserved words (if, for, while, etc.)
2. String Operations
Python:
name = "Computer Science"
# Length
length = len(name) # 16
# Accessing characters (zero-indexed)
first_char = name[0] # 'C'
# Slicing
substr = name[0:8] # 'Computer'
# Concatenation
greeting = "Hello, " + name # 'Hello, Computer Science'
# String methods
lowercase = name.lower() # 'computer science'
uppercase = name.upper() # 'COMPUTER SCIENCE'
3. Mathematical Operations
Python:
a = 10
b = 3
addition = a + b # 13
subtraction = a - b # 7
multiplication = a * b # 30
division = a / b # 3.3333... (float)
integer_division = a // b # 3 (integer)
remainder = a % b # 1
power = a ** b # 1000 (10^3)
4. Logical Operators
Python:
x = 5
y = 10
# Comparison operators
is_equal = x == y # False
not_equal = x != y # True
greater_than = x > y # False
less_than = x < y # True
greater_equal = x >= y # False
less_equal = x <= y # True
# Logical operators
and_result = (x > 0) and (y > 0) # True
or_result = (x > 10) or (y > 0) # True
not_result = not (x > 0) # False
Common Algorithm Patterns
1. Input Validation
Python:
# Validate numeric input
valid_input = False
while not valid_input:
user_input = input("Enter a number between 1-10: ")
if user_input.isdigit():
number = int(user_input)
if 1 <= number <= 10:
valid_input = True
else:
print("Number must be between 1 and 10")
else:
print("You must enter a number")
2. Finding Maximum Value
Python:
numbers = [45, 22, 67, 34, 18]
max_value = numbers[0] # Assume first is largest
for num in numbers:
if num > max_value:
max_value = num
print(max_value) # 67
3. Counting Occurrences
Python:
text = "hello world"
target = "l"
count = 0
for char in text:
if char == target:
count += 1
print(count) # 3
4. Linear Search
Python:
def linear_search(arr, target):
for i in range(len(arr)):
if arr[i] == target:
return i # Return position if found
return -1 # Return -1 if not found
numbers = [5, 8, 12, 16, 23]
position = linear_search(numbers, 12)
print(position) # 2
5. Binary Search (for sorted lists)
Python:
def binary_search(arr, target):
low = 0
high = len(arr) - 1
while low <= high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if arr[mid] == target:
return mid
elif arr[mid] < target:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid - 1
return -1 # Not found
sorted_numbers = [2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 23, 38, 56, 72, 91]
position = binary_search(sorted_numbers, 23)
print(position) # 5
6. Bubble Sort
Python:
def bubble_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(0, n-i-1):
if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
# Swap elements
arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
return arr
numbers = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]
sorted_numbers = bubble_sort(numbers)
print(sorted_numbers) # [11, 12, 22, 25, 34, 64, 90]
7. Total and Average
Python:
numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
total = 0
for num in numbers:
total += num
average = total / len(numbers)
print(f"Total: {total}, Average: {average}") # Total: 150, Average: 30.0
Data Structures
1. Lists (Arrays)
Python:
# Creating lists
empty_list = []
numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
mixed = [1, "hello", True, 3.14]
# Accessing elements (zero-indexed)
first = numbers[0] # 10
last = numbers[-1] # 50
# Modifying elements
numbers[1] = 25 # [10, 25, 30, 40, 50]
# List operations
length = len(numbers) # 5
numbers.append(60) # Add to end: [10, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60]
numbers.insert(1, 15) # Insert at position: [10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60]
numbers.remove(30) # Remove by value: [10, 15, 25, 40, 50, 60]
popped = numbers.pop() # Remove & return last: 60, list becomes [10, 15, 25,
40, 50]
numbers.sort() # Sort in place: [10, 15, 25, 40, 50]
2. Two-dimensional Lists (2D Arrays)
Python:
# Creating a 2D list (3x3 grid)
grid = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]
]
# Accessing elements (row, column)
element = grid[1][2] # row 1, column 2: value 6
# Iterating through a 2D list
for row in grid:
for item in row:
print(item, end=" ")
print() # New line after each row
3. Dictionaries (Key-Value Pairs)
Python:
# Creating a dictionary
student = {
"name": "Alex",
"age": 16,
"grades": [85, 90, 78]
}
# Accessing values
name = student["name"] # "Alex"
# Alternative safer method
age = student.get("age", 0) # 16 (returns 0 if key doesn't exist)
# Adding/modifying entries
student["school"] = "High School"
student["age"] = 17
# Checking if key exists
has_email = "email" in student # False
# Iterating through a dictionary
for key in student:
print(f"{key}: {student[key]}")
# Get all keys or values
keys = student.keys()
values = student.values()