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Relational Database Model Notes

The Relational Database Model stores data in tables with rows and columns, introduced by E.F. Codd in 1970. Key concepts include relations, tuples, attributes, and various types of keys, while advantages include simplicity and data integrity through SQL. However, it may struggle with complex relationships and unstructured data.

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3 views3 pages

Relational Database Model Notes

The Relational Database Model stores data in tables with rows and columns, introduced by E.F. Codd in 1970. Key concepts include relations, tuples, attributes, and various types of keys, while advantages include simplicity and data integrity through SQL. However, it may struggle with complex relationships and unstructured data.

Uploaded by

nayakarpita82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relational Database Model in DBMS

Definition

The Relational Database Model is a type of database model where data is stored in tables (called relations).

Each table contains rows (records) and columns (attributes). This model was introduced by E.F. Codd in

1970.

Key Concepts

- Relation (Table): A table with rows and columns

- Tuple (Row): A single record in a table

- Attribute (Column): A field in a table (like Name, Age)

- Domain: Set of valid values for an attribute

- Schema: Structure or design of the database

- Instance: Actual content (data) stored in the database at a given time

Example Table - STUDENT

| StudentID | Name | Age | Department |

|-----------|-------|-----|------------|

| 101 | Riya | 20 | CSE |

| 102 | Arjun | 21 | ECE |

| 103 | Priya | 22 | ME |

Keys in Relational Model

- Primary Key: Uniquely identifies each row (e.g., StudentID)

- Candidate Key: A set of attributes that can be a primary key

- Foreign Key: A key that links one table to another

- Composite Key: A key made from two or more attributes

Properties of the Relational Model

1. Data is stored in tables


Relational Database Model in DBMS

2. Each row is unique

3. Column values are from the same domain

4. Order of rows and columns doesn't matter

5. Each table must have a primary key

Advantages

- Simple and easy to understand

- Data integrity through keys and constraints

- Data independence

- Easy to query using SQL

- Supports normalization (removal of redundancy)

Disadvantages

- Can be slower with complex relationships

- Not ideal for unstructured data (like images, videos)

- Requires skilled database designers

Query Language

Uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for:

- SELECT

- INSERT

- UPDATE

- DELETE

- CREATE TABLE

Summary

- Model: Tabular structure to store related data

- Key Concept: Table, Row, Column, Key

- Language: SQL
Relational Database Model in DBMS

- Advantage: Easy to use, maintain, and update

- Example: A STUDENT table storing student records

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