a) Array

DATA STRUCTURE b) Stack

c) Tree
6. Which data structure is needed to convert infix d) Queue
notation to postfix notation? View Answer
a) Tree Answer: d
b) Branch Explanation: In Breadth First Search Traversal, BFS,
c) Stack starting vertex is first taken and adjacent vertices
d) Queue which are unvisited are also taken. Again, the first
View Answer vertex which was added as an unvisited adjacent
Answer: c vertex list will be considered to add further unvisited
Explanation: The Stack data structure is used to vertices of the graph. To get the first unvisited vertex
convert infix expression to postfix expression. The we need to follows First In First Out principle. Queue
purpose of stack is to reverse the order of the uses FIFO principle.
operators in the expression. It also serves as a storage 11. The prefix form of A-B/ (C * D ^ E) is?
structure, as no operator can be printed until both of a) -A/B*C^DE
its operands have appeared. b) -A/BC*^DE
7. What is the value of the postfix expression 6 3 2 4 + c) -ABCD*^DE
– *? d) -/*^ACBDE
a) 74 View Answer
b) -18 Answer: a
c) 22 Explanation: Infix Expression is A-B/(C*D^E)
d) 40 This can be written as: A-(B/(C*(D^E)))
View Answer Thus prefix expression is -A/B*C^DE.
Answer: b 12. Which of the following points is/are not true about
Explanation: Postfix Expression is (6*(3-(2+4))) which Linked List data structure when it is compared with an
results -18 as output. array?
8. What data structure would you mostly likely see in a) Random access is not allowed in a typical
non recursive implementation of a recursive implementation of Linked Lists
algorithm? b) Access of elements in linked list takes less time than
a) Stack compared to arrays
b) Linked List c) Arrays have better cache locality that can make
c) Tree them better in terms of performance
d) Queue d) It is easy to insert and delete elements in Linked List
View Answer View Answer
Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: In recursive algorithms, the order in Explanation: To access an element in a linked list, we
which the recursive process comes back is the reverse need to traverse every element until we reach the
of the order in which it goes forward during execution. desired element. This will take more time than arrays
The compiler uses the stack data structure to as arrays provide random access to its elements.
implement recursion. In the forwarding phase, the 13. Which data structure is based on the Last In First
values of local variables, parameters and the return Out (LIFO) principle?
address are pushed into the stack at each recursion a) Tree
level. In the backing-out phase, the stacked address is b) Linked List
popped and used to execute the rest of the code. c) Stack
9. Which of the following statement(s) about stack d) Queue
data structure is/are NOT correct? View Answer
a) Top of the Stack always contain the new node Answer: c
b) Stack is the FIFO data structure Explanation: The data structure that follows the Last In
c) Null link is present in the last node at the bottom of First Out (LIFO) principle is the Stack. It operates like a
the stack stack of objects, making it suitable for specific-order
d) Linked List are used for implementing Stacks management.
View Answer 14. Which of the following application makes use of a
Answer: b circular linked list?
Explanation: Stack follows LIFO. a) Recursive function calls
10. The data structure required for Breadth First b) Undo operation in a text editor
Traversal on a graph is? c) Implement Hash Tables
d) Allocating CPU to resources c) Branch
View Answer d) Greedy
Answer: d View Answer
Explanation: Generally, round robin fashion is Answer: b
employed to allocate CPU time to resources which Explanation: Top tree is a type of data structure which
makes use of the circular linked list data structure. is based on unrooted dynamic binary tree and is used
Recursive function calls use stack data structure. Undo to solve path related problems. It allows an algorithm
Operation in text editor uses doubly linked lists. Hash called divide and conquer.
tables uses singly linked lists. 20. What is the need for a circular queue?
15. What is a bit array? a) easier computations
a) Data structure that compactly stores bits b) implement LIFO principle in queues
b) Data structure for representing arrays of records c) effective usage of memory
c) Array in which elements are not present in d) to delete elements based on priority
continuous locations View Answer
d) An array in which most of the elements have the Answer: c
same value Explanation: In a linear queue, dequeue operation
View Answer causes the starting elements of the array to be empty,
Answer: a and there is no way you can use that space, while in a
Explanation: It compactly stores bits and exploits bit- circular queue, you can effectively use that space.
level parallelism. Priority queue is used to delete the elements based on
16. Which of the following tree data structures is not a their priority. Higher priority elements will be deleted
balanced binary tree? first whereas lower priority elements will be deleted
a) Splay tree next. Queue data structure always follows FIFO
b) B-tree principle.
c) AVL tree 21. Which of the following is the most widely used
d) Red-black tree external memory data structure?
View Answer a) B-tree
Answer: b b) Red-black tree
Explanation: All the tree data structures given in c) AVL tree
options are balanced, but B-tree can have more than d) Both AVL tree and Red-black tree
two children. View Answer
17. Which of the following is not the type of queue? Answer: a
a) Priority queue Explanation: In external memory, the data is
b) Circular queue transferred in form of blocks. These blocks have data
c) Single ended queue valued and pointers. And B-tree can hold both the
d) Ordinary queue data values and pointers. So B-tree is used as an
View Answer external memory data structure.
Answer: c 22. Which of the following is also known as Rope data
Explanation: Queue always has two ends. So, single structure?
ended queue is not the type of queue. a) Linked List
18. Which of the following data structures can be used b) Array
for parentheses matching? c) String
a) n-ary tree d) Cord
b) queue View Answer
c) priority queue Answer: d
d) stack Explanation: Array is a linear data structure. Strings
View Answer are a collection and sequence of codes, alphabets or
Answer: d characters. Linked List is a linear data structure having
Explanation: For every opening brace, push it into the a node containing data input and the address of the
stack, and for every closing brace, pop it off the stack. next node. The cord is also known as the rope data
Do not take action for any other character. In the end, structure.
if the stack is empty, then the input has balanced 23. What will be the output of the following program?
parentheses. main()
19. Which algorithm is used in the top tree data {
structure? char str[]="san foundry";
a) Backtracking int len = strlen(str);
b) Divide and Conquer int i;
 Answer: d
for(i=0;i<len;i++) Explanation: The Tower of Hanoi involves moving of
push(str[i]); // pushes an element into stack disks ‘stacked’ at one peg to another peg with respect
to the size constraint. It is conveniently done using
for(i=0;i<len;i++) stacks and priority queues. Stack approach is widely
pop(); //pops an element from the stack used to solve Tower of Hanoi.
} 28. What is the use of the bin data structure?
a) yrdnuof nas a) to have efficient traversal
b) foundry nas b) to have efficient region query
c) sanfoundry c) to have efficient deletion
d) san foundry d) to have efficient insertion
View Answer View Answer
24. Which of the following data structure can provide Answer: b
efficient searching of the elements? Explanation: Bin data structure allows us to have
a) binary search tree efficient region queries. A frequency of bin is
b) unordered lists increased by one each time a data point falls into a
c) 2-3 tree bin.
d) treap 29. Which is the most appropriate data structure for
View Answer reversing a word?
Answer: c a) stack
Explanation: The average case time for lookup in a b) queue
binary search tree, treap and 2-3 tree is O(log n) and c) graph
in unordered lists it is O(n). But in the worst case, only d) tree
the 2-3 trees perform lookup efficiently as it takes View Answer
O(log n), while others take O(n). Answer: a
25. What is an AVL tree? Explanation: Stack is the most appropriate data
a) a tree which is unbalanced and is a height balanced structure for reversing a word because stack follows
tree LIFO principle.
b) a tree which is balanced and is a height balanced 30. What is the functionality of the following piece of
tree code?
c) a tree with atmost 3 children public void display()
d) a tree with three children {
View Answer if(size == 0)
Answer: b System.out.println("underflow");
Explanation: It is a self balancing tree with height else
difference atmost 1. {
26. What is the time complexity for searching a key or Node current = first;
integer in Van Emde Boas data structure? while(current != null)
a) O (M!) {
b) O (log M!)
c) O (log (log M)) System.out.println(current.getEle());
d) O (M2) current = current.getNext();
View Answer }
Answer: c }
Explanation: In order to search a key or integer in the }
Van Emde Boas data structure, the operation can be a) display the list
performed on an associative array. Hence, the time b) reverse the list
complexity for searching a key or integer in Van Emde c) reverse the list excluding top-of-the-stack-element
Boas data structure is O (log (log M)). d) display the list excluding top-of-the-stack-element
27. The optimal data structure used to solve Tower of View Answer
Hanoi is _________ Answer: a
a) Tree Explanation: An alias of the node ‘first’ is created
b) Heap which traverses through the list and displays the
c) Priority queue elements.
d) Stack 31. Which of the following is the simplest data
View Answer structure that supports range searching?
a) AA-trees
b) K-d trees 36. What is the output of the following Java code?
c) Heaps public class array
d) binary search trees {
View Answer public static void main(String args[])
Answer: b {
Explanation: K-d trees are the simplest data structure int []arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
that supports range searching and also it achieves the System.out.println(arr[2]);
respectable running time. System.out.println(arr[4]);
32. What is the advantage of a hash table as a data }
structure? }
a) easy to implement a) 4 and 2
b) faster access of data b) 2 and 4
c) exhibit good locality of reference c) 5 and 3
d) very efficient for less number of entries d) 3 and 5
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: d
Explanation: Hash table is a data structure that has an Explanation: Array indexing starts from 0.
advantage that it allows fast access of elements. Hash 37. In simple chaining, what data structure is
functions are used to determine the index of any input appropriate?
record in a hash table. a) Doubly linked list
33. Which type of data structure is a ternary heap? b) Circular linked list
a) Hash c) Singly linked list
b) Array d) Binary trees
c) Priority Stack View Answer
d) Priority Queue Answer: a
View Answer Explanation: Deletion becomes easier with doubly
Answer: d linked list, hence it is appropriate.
Explanation: Ternary heap is a type of data structure in 1. What is a data structure?
the field of computer science. It is a part of the Heap a) A programming language
data structure family. It is a priority queue type of data b) A collection of algorithms
structure that follows all the property of heap. c) A way to store and organize data
34. What is a dequeue? d) A type of computer hardware
a) A queue implemented with both singly and doubly View Answer
linked lists Answer: c
b) A queue with insert/delete defined for front side of Explanation: A data structure is a way to store and
the queue organize data efficiently, enhancing access and
c) A queue with insert/delete defined for both front manipulation, unlike programming languages,
and rear ends of the queue algorithms, or computer hardware.
d) A queue implemented with a doubly linked list 2. What are the disadvantages of arrays?
View Answer a) Index value of an array can be negative
Answer: c b) Elements are sequentially accessed
Explanation: A dequeue or a double ended queue is a c) Data structure like queue or stack cannot be
queue with insert/delete defined for both front and implemented
rear ends of the queue. d) There are chances of wastage of memory space if
35. A data structure in which elements can be inserted elements inserted in an array are lesser than the
or deleted at/from both ends but not in the middle is? allocated size
a) Priority queue View Answer
b) Dequeue Answer: d
c) Circular queue Explanation: Arrays are of fixed size. If we insert
d) Queue elements less than the allocated size, unoccupied
View Answer positions can’t be used again. Wastage will occur in
Answer: b memory.
Explanation: In dequeuer, we can insert or delete 3. Which data structure is used for implementing
elements from both the ends. In queue, we will follow recursion?
first in first out principle for insertion and deletion of a) Stack
elements. Element with least priority will be deleted b) Queue
in a priority queue. c) List
d) Array b) Empty collection
View Answer c) Overflow
Answer: a d) Garbage Collection
Explanation: Stacks are used for the implementation View Answer
of Recursion. Answer: a
4. The data structure required to check whether an Explanation: Underflow occurs when the user
expression contains a balanced parenthesis is? performs a pop operation on an empty stack.
a) Queue Overflow occurs when the stack is full and the user
b) Stack performs a push operation. Garbage Collection is used
c) Tree to recover the memory occupied by objects that are
d) Array no longer used.
View Answer 4. Pushing an element into stack already having five
Answer: b elements and stack size of 5, then stack becomes
Explanation: The stack is a simple data structure in ___________
which elements are added and removed based on the a) Overflow
LIFO principle. Open parenthesis is pushed into the b) Crash
stack and a closed parenthesis pops out elements till c) Underflow
the top element of the stack is its corresponding open d) User flow
parenthesis. If the stack is empty, parenthesis is View Answer
balanced otherwise it is unbalanced. Answer: a
5. Which of the following is not the application of Explanation: The stack is filled with 5 elements and
stack? pushing one more element causes a stack overflow.
a) Data Transfer between two asynchronous process This results in overwriting memory, code and loss of
b) Compiler Syntax Analyzer unsaved work on the computer.
c) Tracking of local variables at run time 5. Entries in a stack are “ordered”. What is the
d) A parentheses balancing program meaning of this statement?
View Answer a) A collection of stacks is sortable
Answer: a b) Stack entries may be compared with the ‘<‘
Explanation: Data transfer between the two operation
asynchronous process uses the queue data structure c) The entries are stored in a linked list
for synchronisation. The rest are all stack applications d) There is a Sequential entry that is one by one
1. Process of inserting an element in stack is called View Answer
____________ Answer: d
a) Create Explanation: In stack data structure, elements are
b) Push added one by one using push operation. Stack follows
c) Evaluation LIFO Principle i.e. Last In First Out(LIFO).
d) Pop 6. Which of the following is not the application of
View Answer stack?
Answer: b a) A parentheses balancing program
Explanation: Push operation allows users to insert b) Tracking of local variables at run time
elements in the stack. If the stack is filled completely c) Compiler Syntax Analyzer
and trying to perform push operation stack – overflow d) Data Transfer between two asynchronous process
can happen. View Answer
2. Process of removing an element from stack is called Answer: d
__________ Explanation: Data transfer between the two
a) Create asynchronous process uses the queue data structure
b) Push for synchronisation. The rest are all stack applications.
c) Evaluation 7. Consider the usual algorithm for determining
d) Pop whether a sequence of parentheses is balanced. The
View Answer maximum number of parentheses that appear on the
Answer: d stack AT ANY ONE TIME when the algorithm analyzes:
Explanation: Elements in the stack are removed using (()(())(()))?
pop operation. Pop operation removes the top most a) 1
element in the stack i.e. last entered element. b) 2
3. In a stack, if a user tries to remove an element from c) 3
an empty stack it is called _________ d) 4 or more
a) Underflow View Answer
Answer: c 4. The process of accessing data stored in a serial
Explanation: In the entire parenthesis balancing access memory is similar to manipulating data on a
method when the incoming token is a left parenthesis ________
it is pushed into stack. A right parenthesis makes pop a) Heap
operation to delete the elements in stack till we get b) Binary Tree
left parenthesis as top most element. 3 elements are c) Array
there in stack before right parentheses comes. d) Stack
Therefore, maximum number of elements in stack at View Answer
run time is 3. Answer: d
8. Consider the usual algorithm for determining Explanation: In serial access memory data records are
whether a sequence of parentheses is balanced. stored one after the other in which they are created
Suppose that you run the algorithm on a sequence and are accessed sequentially. In stack data structure,
that contains 2 left parentheses and 3 right elements are accessed sequentially. Stack data
parentheses (in some order). The maximum number structure resembles the serial access memory.
of parentheses that appear on the stack AT ANY ONE 5. The postfix form of A*B+C/D is?
TIME during the computation? a) *AB/CD+
a) 1 b) AB*CD/+
b) 2 c) A*BC+/D
c) 3 d) ABCD+/*
d) 4 or more View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: b Explanation: Infix expression is (A*B)+(C/D)
Explanation: In the entire parenthesis balancing AB*+(C/D)
method when the incoming token is a left parenthesis AB*CD/+. Thus postfix expression is AB*CD/+.
it is pushed into stack. A right parenthesis makes pop 6. Which data structure is needed to convert infix
operation to delete the elements in stack till we get notation to postfix notation?
left parenthesis as top most element. 2 left a) Branch
parenthesis are pushed whereas one right parenthesis b) Tree
removes one of left parenthesis. 2 elements are there c) Queue
before right parenthesis which is the maximum d) Stack
number of elements in stack at run time. View Answer
9. What is the value of the postfix expression 6 3 2 4 + Answer: d
– *? Explanation: The Stack data structure is used to
a) 1 convert infix expression to postfix expression. The
b) 40 purpose of stack is to reverse the order of the
c) 74 operators in the expression. It also serves as a storage
d) -18 structure, as no operator can be printed until both of
View Answer its operands have appeared.
Answer: d 7. The prefix form of A-B/ (C * D ^ E) is?
Explanation: Postfix Expression is (6*(3-(2+4))) which a) -/*^ACBDE
results -18 as output. b) -ABCD*^DE
10. Here is an infix expression: 4 + 3*(6*3-12). c) -A/B*C^DE
Suppose that we are using the usual stack algorithm to d) -A/BC*^DE
convert the expression from infix to postfix notation. View Answer
The maximum number of symbols that will appear on Answer: c
the stack AT ONE TIME during the conversion of this Explanation: Infix Expression is (A-B)/(C*D^E)
expression? (-A/B)(C*D^E)
a) 1 -A/B*C^DE. Thus prefix expression is -A/B*C^DE.
b) 2 8. What is the result of the following operation?
c) 3 Top (Push (S, X))
d) 4 a) X
View Answer b) X+S
Answer: d c) S
Explanation: When we perform the conversion from d) XS
infix to postfix expression +, *, (, * symbols are placed View Answer
inside the stack. A maximum of 4 symbols are Answer: a
identified during the entire conversion. Explanation: The function Push(S,X) pushes the value
X in the stack S. Top() function gives the value which and assume that the expression is legal.
entered last. X entered into stack S at last. a) xyz*+pq*r+s*+
9. The prefix form of an infix expression (p + q) – (r * t) b) xyz*+pq*r+s+*
is? c) xyz+*pq*r+s*+
a) + pq – *rt d) xyzp+**qr+s*+
b) – +pqr * t View Answer
c) – +pq * rt Answer: a
d) – + * pqrt Explanation: The Infix Expression is x + y * z + (p * q +
View Answer r) * s.
Answer: c (x y z ) + (p * q + r) * s. ‘+’, ‘*’ are present in stack.
Explanation: Given Infix Expression is ((p+q)-(r*t)) (x y z * + p q * r) * s. ‘+’ is present in stack.
(+pq)-(r*t) x y z * + p q * r + s * +. Thus Postfix Expression is x y z
(-+pq)(r*t) * + p q * r + s * +.
-+pq*rt. Thus prefix expression is -+pq*rt. 4. Which of the following statement(s) about stack
10. Which data structure is used for implementing data structure is/are NOT correct?
recursion? a) Linked List are used for implementing Stacks
a) Queue b) Top of the Stack always contain the new node
b) Stack c) Stack is the FIFO data structure
c) Array d) Null link is present in the last node at the bottom of
d) List the stack
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: c
Explanation: Stacks are used for the implementation Explanation: Stack follows LIFO.
of Recursion. 6. Which of the following is not an inherent
1. The result of evaluating the postfix expression 5, 4, application of stack?
6, +, *, 4, 9, 3, /, +, * is? a) Reversing a string
a) 600 b) Evaluation of postfix expression
b) 350 c) Implementation of recursion
c) 650 d) Job scheduling
d) 588 View Answer
View Answer Answer: d
Answer: b Explanation: Job Scheduling is not performed using
Explanation: The postfix expression is evaluated using stacks.
stack. We will get the infix expression as 7. The type of expression in which operator succeeds
(5*(4+6))*(4+9/3). On solving the Infix Expression, we its operands is?
get a) Infix Expression
(5*(10))*(4+3) b) Prefix Expression
= 50*7 c) Postfix Expression
= 350. d) Both Prefix and Postfix Expressions
2. Convert the following infix expressions into its View Answer
equivalent postfix expressions. Answer: c
(A + B ⋀D)/(E – F)+G Explanation: The expression in which operator
a) (A B D ⋀ + E F – / G +) succeeds its operands is called postfix expression. The
b) (A B D +⋀ E F – / G +) expression in which operator precedes the operands is
c) (A B D ⋀ + E F/- G +) called prefix expression. If an operator is present
d) (A B D E F + ⋀ / – G +) between two operands, then it is called infix
View Answer expressions.
Answer: a 8. Assume that the operators +,-, x are left associative
Explanation: The given infix expression is (A + B ⋀D)/(E and ^ is right associative. The order of precedence
– F)+G. (from highest to lowest) is ^, x, +, -. The postfix
(A B D ^ + ) / (E – F) +G expression for the infix expression a + b x c – d ^ e ^ f
(A B D ^ + E F – ) + G. ‘/’ is present in stack. is?
A B D ^ + E F – / G +. Thus Postfix Expression is A B D ^ a) a b c x + d e f ^ ^ –
+ E F – / G +. b) a b c x + d e ^ f ^ –
3. Convert the following Infix expression to Postfix c) a b + c x d – e ^ f ^
form using a stack. d) – + a x b c ^ ^ d e f
x + y * z + (p * q + r) * s, Follow usual precedence rule View Answer
Answer: a c) Rectangle Buffer
Explanation: Given Infix Expression is a + b x c – d ^ e ^ d) Curve Buffer
f. And ^ is right associative. Thus, the final postfix View Answer
expression is a b c x + d e f ^ ^ – Answer: a
9. If the elements “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” are placed in a Explanation: Circular Queue is also called as Ring
stack and are deleted one at a time, what is the order Buffer. Circular Queue is a linear data structure in
of removal? which last position is connected back to the first
a) ABCD position to make a circle. It forms a ring structure.
b) DCBA 5. If the elements “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” are placed in a
c) DCAB queue and are deleted one at a time, in what order
d) ABDC will they be removed?
View Answer a) ABCD
Answer: b b) DCBA
Explanation: Stack follows LIFO(Last In First Out). So c) DCAB
the removal order of elements are DCBA d) ABDC
1. A linear list of elements in which deletion can be View Answer
done from one end (front) and insertion can take Answer: a
place only at the other end (rear) is known as Explanation: Queue follows FIFO approach. i.e. First in
_____________ First Out Approach. So, the order of removal elements
a) Queue are ABCD.
b) Stack 6. A data structure in which elements can be inserted
c) Tree or deleted at/from both ends but not in the middle is?
d) Linked list a) Queue
View Answer b) Circular queue
Answer: a c) Dequeue
Explanation: Linear list of elements in which deletion d) Priority queue
is done at front side and insertion at rear side is called View Answer
Queue. In stack we will delete the last entered Answer: c
element first. Explanation: In dequeuer, we can insert or delete
2. The data structure required for Breadth First elements from both the ends. In queue, we will follow
Traversal on a graph is? first in first out principle for insertion and deletion of
a) Stack elements. Element with least priority will be deleted
b) Array in a priority queue.
c) Queue 7. A normal queue, if implemented using an array of
d) Tree size MAX_SIZE, gets full when?
View Answer a) Rear = MAX_SIZE – 1
Answer: c b) Front = (rear + 1)mod MAX_SIZE
Explanation: In Breadth First Search Traversal, BFS, c) Front = rear + 1
starting vertex is first taken and adjacent vertices d) Rear = front
which are unvisited are also taken. Again, the first View Answer
vertex which was added as an unvisited adjacent Answer: a
vertex list will be considered to add further unvisited Explanation: When Rear = MAX_SIZE – 1, there will be
vertices of the graph. To get the first unvisited vertex no space left for the elements to be added in queue.
we need to follows First In First Out principle. Queue Thus queue becomes full.
uses FIFO principle. 8. Queues serve major role in ______________
3. A queue follows __________ a) Simulation of recursion
a) FIFO (First In First Out) principle b) Simulation of arbitrary linked list
b) LIFO (Last In First Out) principle c) Simulation of limited resource allocation
c) Ordered array d) Simulation of heap sort
d) Linear tree View Answer
View Answer Answer: c
Answer: a Explanation: Simulation of recursion uses stack data
Explanation: Element first added in queue will be structure. Simulation of arbitrary linked lists uses
deleted first which is FIFO principle. linked lists. Simulation of resource allocation uses
4. Circular Queue is also known as ________ queue as first entered data needs to be given first
a) Ring Buffer priority during resource allocation. Simulation of heap
b) Square Buffer sort uses heap data structure.
9. Which of the following is not the type of queue? 4. What would be the asymptotic time complexity to
a) Ordinary queue add a node at the end of singly linked list, if the
b) Single ended queue pointer is initially pointing to the head of the list?
c) Circular queue a) O(1)
d) Priority queue b) O(n)
View Answer c) θ(n)
Answer: b d) Both O(n) and θ(n)
Explanation: Queue always has two ends. So, single View Answer
ended queue is not the type of queue. Answer: d
1. A linear collection of data elements where the Explanation: In case of a linked list having n elements,
linear node is given by means of pointer is called? we need to travel through every node of the list to
a) Linked list add the element at the end of the list. Thus
b) Node list asymptotic time complexity is both θ(n) and O(n). Θ(n)
c) Primitive list represents the tight bound of the algorithm’s time
d) Unordered list complexity, meaning it captures the best, average, and
View Answer worst-case scenarios that are all linear in this case.
Answer: a O(n) signifies the upper bound, indicating the worst-
Explanation: In Linked list each node has its own data case scenario is no worse than linear.
and the address of next node. These nodes are linked 5. What would be the asymptotic time complexity to
by using pointers. Node list is an object that consists insert an element at the front of the linked list (head is
of a list of all nodes in a document with in a particular known)?
selected set of nodes a) O(1)
2. Consider an implementation of unsorted singly b) O(n)
linked list. Suppose it has its representation with a c) O(n2)
head pointer only. Given the representation, which of d) O(n3)
the following operation can be implemented in O(1) View Answer
time? Answer: a
i) Insertion at the front of the linked list Explanation: To add an element at the front of the
ii) Insertion at the end of the linked list linked list, we will create a new node which holds the
iii) Deletion of the front node of the linked list data to be added to the linked list and pointer which
iv) Deletion of the last node of the linked list points to head position in the linked list. The entire
a) I and II thing happens within O (1) time. Thus the asymptotic
b) I and III time complexity is O (1).
c) I, II and III 6. What would be the asymptotic time complexity to
d) I, II and IV find an element in the linked list?
View Answer a) O(1)
Answer: b b) O(n)
Explanation: We know the head node in the given c) O(n2)
linked list. Insertion and deletion of elements at the d) O(n4)
front of the linked list completes in O (1) time whereas View Answer
for insertion and deletion at the last node requires to Answer: b
traverse through every node in the linked list. Suppose Explanation: If the required element is in the last
there are n elements in a linked list, we need to position, we need to traverse the entire linked list.
traverse through each node. Hence time complexity This will take O (n) time to search the element.
becomes O(n). 7. What would be the asymptotic time complexity to
3. In linked list each node contains a minimum of two insert an element at the second position in the linked
fields. One field is data field to store the data second list?
field is? a) O(1)
a) Pointer to character b) O(n)
b) Pointer to integer c) O(n2)
c) Pointer to node d) O(n3)
d) Node View Answer
View Answer Answer: a
Answer: c Explanation: A new node is created with the required
Explanation: Each node in a linked list contains data element. The pointer of the new node points the node
and a pointer (reference) to the next node. Second to which the head node of the linked list is also
field contains pointer to node. pointing. The head node pointer is changed and it
points to the new node which we created earlier. The a) Insertion sort
entire process completes in O (1) time. Thus the b) Radix sort
asymptotic time complexity to insert an element in c) Polynomial manipulation
the second position of the linked list is O (1). d) Binary search
8. The concatenation of two lists can be performed in View Answer
O(1) time. Which of the following variation of the Answer: d
linked list can be used? Explanation: It cannot be implemented using linked
a) Singly linked list lists.
b) Doubly linked list 3. Linked list is considered as an example of
c) Circular doubly linked list ___________ type of memory allocation.
d) Array implementation of list a) Dynamic
View Answer b) Static
Answer: c c) Compile time
Explanation: We can easily concatenate two lists in O d) Heap
(1) time using singly or doubly linked list, provided View Answer
that we have a pointer to the last node at least one of Answer: a
the lists. But in case of circular doubly linked lists, we Explanation: As memory is allocated at the run time.
will break the link in both the lists and hook them 4. In Linked List implementation, a node carries
together. Thus circular doubly linked list concatenates information regarding ___________
two lists in O (1) time. a) Data
9. Consider the following definition in c programming b) Link
language. c) Data and Link
struct node d) Node
{ View Answer
int data; Answer: c
struct node * next; Explanation: A linked list is a collection of objects
} linked together by references from an object to
typedef struct node NODE; another object. By convention these objects are
NODE *ptr; names as nodes. Linked list consists of nodes where
Which of the following c code is used to create new each node contains one or more data fields and a
node? reference(link) to the next node.
a) ptr = (NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE)); 5. Linked list data structure offers considerable saving
b) ptr = (NODE*)malloc(NODE); in _____________
c) ptr = (NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE*)); a) Computational Time
d) ptr = (NODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE)); b) Space Utilization
View Answer c) Space Utilization and Computational Time
Answer: a d) Speed Utilization
Explanation: As it represents the right way to create a View Answer
node. Answer: c
1. What kind of linked list is best to answer questions Explanation: Linked lists saves both space and time.
like “What is the item at position n?” 8. Which of the following sorting algorithms can be
a) Singly linked list used to sort a random linked list with minimum time
b) Doubly linked list complexity?
c) Circular linked list a) Insertion Sort
d) Array implementation of linked list b) Quick Sort
View Answer c) Heap Sort
Answer: d d) Merge Sort
Explanation: Arrays provide random access to View Answer
elements by providing the index value within square Answer: d
brackets. In the linked list, we need to traverse Explanation: Both Merge sort and Insertion sort can
through each element until we reach the nth position. be used for linked lists. The slow random-access
Time taken to access an element represented in arrays performance of a linked list makes other algorithms
is less than the singly, doubly and circular linked lists. (such as quicksort) perform poorly, and others (such
Thus, array implementation is used to access the item as heapsort) compl
at the position n. 5. In the worst case, the number of comparisons
2. Linked lists are not suitable for the implementation needed to search a singly linked list of length n for a
of ___________ given element is?
a) log 2 n c) The insertion and deletion of a node take a bit
b) n⁄2 longer
c) log 2 n – 1 d) Implementing a doubly linked list is easier than
d) n singly linked list
View Answer View Answer
Answer: d Answer: d
Explanation: In the worst case, the element to be Explanation: A doubly linked list has two pointers ‘left’
searched has to be compared with all elements of the and ‘right’ which enable it to traverse in either
linked list. direction. Compared to singly liked list which has only
1. Which of the following is not a disadvantage to the a ‘next’ pointer, doubly linked list requires extra space
usage of array? to store this extra pointer. Every insertion and deletion
a) Fixed size requires manipulation of two pointers, hence it takes a
b) There are chances of wastage of memory space if bit longer time. Implementing doubly linked list
elements inserted in an array are lesser than the involves setting both left and right pointers to correct
allocated size nodes and takes more time than singly linked list.
c) Insertion based on position 3. What is a memory efficient double linked list?
d) Accessing elements at specified positions a) Each node has only one pointer to traverse the list
View Answer back and forth
Answer: d b) The list has breakpoints for faster traversal
Explanation: Array elements can be accessed in two c) An auxiliary singly linked list acts as a helper list to
steps. First, multiply the size of the data type with the traverse through the doubly linked list
specified position, second, add this value to the base d) A doubly linked list that uses bitwise AND operator
address. Both of these operations can be done in for storing addresses
constant time, hence accessing elements at a given View Answer
index/position is faster. Answer: a
2. What is the time complexity of inserting at the end Explanation: Memory efficient doubly linked list has
in dynamic arrays? only one pointer to traverse the list back and forth.
a) O(1) The implementation is based on pointer difference. It
b) O(n) uses bitwise XOR operator to store the front and rear
c) O(logn) pointer addresses. Instead of storing actual memory
d) Either O(1) or O(n) address, every node store the XOR address of previous
View Answer and next nodes.
Answer: d 5. How do you calculate the pointer difference in a
Explanation: Depending on whether the array is full or memory efficient double linked list?
not, the complexity in dynamic array varies. If you try a) head xor tail
to insert into an array that is not full, then the element b) pointer to previous node xor pointer to next node
is simply stored at the end, this takes O(1) time. If you c) pointer to previous node – pointer to next node
try to insert into an array which is full, first you will d) pointer to next node – pointer to previous node
have to allocate an array with double the size of the View Answer
current array and then copy all the elements into it Answer: b
and finally insert the new element, this takes O(n) Explanation: The pointer difference is calculated by
time. taking XOR of pointer to previous node and pointer to
3. What is the time complexity to count the number of the next node.
elements in the linked list? 6. What is the worst case time complexity of inserting
a) O(1) a node in a doubly linked list?
b) O(n) a) O(nlogn)
c) O(logn) b) O(logn)
d) O(n2) c) O(n)
View Answer d) O(1)
Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: To count the number of elements, you Answer: c
have to traverse through the entire list, hence Explanation: In the worst case, the position to be
complexity is O(n). inserted maybe at the end of the list, hence you have
1. Which of the following is false about a doubly linked to traverse through the entire list to get to the correct
list? position, hence O(n).
a) We can navigate in both the directions 1. What differentiates a circular linked list from a
b) It requires more space than a singly linked list normal linked list?
a) You cannot have the ‘next’ pointer point to null in a Answer: a
circular linked list Explanation: Evaluation of infix expression algorithm is
b) It is faster to traverse the circular linked list linear and makes only one pass through the input.
c) In a circular linked list, each node points to the 3. Identify the infix expression from the list of options
previous node instead of the next node given below.
d) Head node is known in circular linked list a) a/b+(c-d)
View Answer b) abc*+d+ab+cd+*ce-f-
Answer: a c) ab-c-
Explanation: In a normal linked list, the ‘next’ pointer d) +ab
of the last node points to null. However, in a circular View Answer
linked list, the ‘next’ pointer of the last node points to Answer: a
the head (first element) of the list. Every node in a Explanation: a/b+(c-d) is an infix expression since the
circular linked list can be a starting point(head). operators are placed in between the operands.
4. What is the time complexity of searching for an 4. Which of the following statement is incorrect with
element in a circular linked list? respect to evaluation of infix expression algorithm?
a) O(n) a) Operand is pushed on to the stack
b) O(nlogn) b) If the precedence of operator is higher, pop two
c) O(1) operands and evaluate
d) O(n2) c) If the precedence of operator is lower, pop two
View Answer operands and evaluate
Answer: a d) The result is pushed on to the operand stack
Explanation: In the worst case, you have to traverse View Answer
through the entire list of n elements. Answer: b
5. Which of the following application makes use of a Explanation: If the precedence of the operator is
circular linked list? higher than the stack operator, then it is pushed on to
a) Undo operation in a text editor the stack operator.
b) Recursive function calls 5. Evaluate the following statement using infix
c) Allocating CPU to resources evaluation algorithm and choose the correct answer.
d) Implement Hash Tables 1+2*3-2
View Answer a) 3
Answer: c b) 6
Explanation: Generally, round robin fashion is c) 5
employed to allocate CPU time to resources which d) 4
makes use of the circular linked list data structure. View Answer
Recursive function calls use stack data structure. Undo Answer: c
Operation in text editor uses doubly linked lists. Hash Explanation: According to precedence of operators, *
tables uses singly linked lists. is evaluated first. + and – have equal priorities. Hence,
1. How many stacks are required for applying 1+6-2= 5.
evaluation of infix expression algorithm? 7. Of the following choices, which operator has the
a) one lowest precedence?
b) two a) ^
c) three b) +
d) four c) /
View Answer d) #
Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: Two stacks are required for evaluation of Answer: d
infix expression – one for operands and one for Explanation: The operator with the lowest precedence
operators. is #, preceded by +, / and then ^.
2. How many passes does the evaluation of infix 8. The system throws an error if parentheses are
expression algorithm makes through the input? encountered in an infix expression evaluation
a) One algorithm.
b) Two a) True
c) Three b) False
d) Four View Answer
View Answer 9. Evaluate the following and choose the correct
answer.
a/b+c*d where a=4, b=2, c=2, d=1.
a) 1 a) 5
b) 4 b) 10
c) 5 c) 12
d) 2 d) 16
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: c
Explanation: * and / have higher priority. Hence, they Explanation: From the given expression tree, the infix
are evaluated first. Then, + is evaluated. Hence, 2+2=4. expression and it’s result will be 3*((3-2)+(5-2)) =
10. Evaluate the following statement using infix 3*(1+3) = 12.
evaluation algorithm and choose the correct answer. 1. How many stacks are required for evaluation of
4*2+3-5/5 prefix expression?
a) 10 a) one
b) 11 b) two
c) 16 c) three
d) 12 d) four
View Answer View Answer
Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: 4*2 and 5/5 are evaluated first and then, Explanation: 2 stacks are required for evaluation of
8+3-1 is evaluated and the result is obtained as 10. prefix expression, one for integers and one for
11. Using the evaluation of infix expression, evaluate characters.
a^b+c and choose the correct answer. (a=2, b=2, c=2) 2. While evaluating a prefix expression, the string is
a) 12 read from?
b) 8 a) left to right
c) 10 b) right to left
d) 6 c) center to right
View Answer d) center to left to right
Answer: d View Answer
Explanation: ^ has the highest precedence. Hence, 2^2 Answer: b
is evaluated and then 4+2 gives 6. Explanation: The string is read from right to left
12. Evaluate the following infix expression using because a prefix string has operands to its right side
algorithm and choose the correct answer. a+b*c-d/e^f 4. How many types of input characters are accepted
where a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=2, f=2. by this algorithm?
a) 6 a) one
b) 8 b) two
c) 9 c) three
d) 7 d) four
View Answer View Answer
Answer: a Answer: c
Explanation: ^ has the highest order of precedence. Explanation: Three kinds of input are accepted by this
Hence, 2^2 is evaluated first, and then, 2*3 and 4/4 algorithm- numbers, operators and new line
are evaluated. Therefore, 1+6-1=6. characters.
13. From the given expression tree, identify the infix 5. What determines the order of evaluation of a prefix
expression, evaluate it and choose the correct result. expression?
a) precedence and associativity
b) precedence only
c) associativity only
d) depends on the parser
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Precedence is a very important factor in
determining the order of evaluation. If two operators
have the same precedence, associativity comes into
action.
6. Find the output of the following prefix expression.
*+2-2 1/-4 2+-5 3 1
a) 2
b) 12
c) 10 Answer: a
d) 4 Explanation: The time complexity of evaluation of
View Answer infix, prefix and postfix expressions is O (N).
Answer: a 6. Which of these operators have the highest order of
Explanation: The given prefix expression is evaluated precedence?
using two stacks and the value is given by (2+2-1)*(4- a) ‘(‘ and ‘)’
2)/(5-3+1)= 2. b) ‘*’ and ‘/’
8. Using the evaluation of prefix algorithm, evaluate +- c) ‘~’ and ‘^’
9 2 7. d) ‘+’ and ‘-‘
a) 10 View Answer
b) 4 Answer: c
c) 17 Explanation: The highest order of precedence is ~ and
d) 14 ^ followed by ‘*’ ,’ /’, ‘+’ ,’-‘ and then braces ‘(‘ ‘)’.
View Answer 7. Which of the following is not an application of
Answer: d stack?
Explanation: Using the evaluation of prefix algorithm, a) evaluation of postfix expression
+-9 2 7 is evaluated as 9-2+7=14. b) conversion of infix to postfix expression
9. If -*+abcd = 11, find a, b, c, d using evaluation of c) balancing symbols
prefix algorithm. d) line at ticket counter
a) a=2, b=3, c=5, d=4 View Answer
b) a=1, b=2, c=5, d=4 Answer: d
c) a=5, b=4, c=7,d=5 Explanation: Line at ticket counter is an application of
d) a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4 queue whereas conversion of infix to postfix
View Answer expression, balancing symbols, line at ticket counter
Answer: b are stack applications.
Explanation: The given prefix expression is evaluated 8. While evaluating a postfix expression, when an
as ((1+2)*5)-4 = 11 while a=1, b=2, c=5, d=4. operator is encountered, what is the correct operation
1. What is the other name for a postfix expression? to be performed?
a) Normal polish Notation a) push it directly on to the stack
b) Reverse polish Notation b) pop 2 operands, evaluate them and push the result
c) Warsaw notation on to the stack
d) Infix notation c) pop the entire stack
View Answer d) ignore the operator
Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: Reverse polish Notation is the other Answer: b
name for a postfix expression whereas Polish Explanation: When an operator is encountered, the
Notation, Warsaw notation are the other names for a first two operands are popped from the stack, they are
prefix expression. evaluated and the result is pushed into the stack.
2. Which of the following is an example for a postfix 9. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
expression? a) Postfix operators use value to their right
a) a*b(c+d) b) Postfix operators use value to their left
b) abc*+de-+ c) Prefix operators use value to their right
c) +ab d) In postfix expression, operands are followed by
d) a+b-c operators
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: abc*+de-+ is a postfix expression. +ab is a Explanation: All prefix operators use values to their
prefix expression and others are infix expressions. right and all postfix operators use values to their left.
4. What is the time complexity of evaluation of postfix 10. What is the result of the given postfix expression?
expression algorithm? abc*+ where a=1, b=2, c=3.
a) O (N) a) 4
b) O (N log N) b) 5
c) O (N2) c) 6
d) O (M log N) d) 7
View Answer View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The infix expression is a+b*c. Evaluating
it, we get 1+2*3=7.
11. What is the result of the following postfix
expression?
ab*cd*+ where a=2,b=2,c=3,d=4.
a) 16
b) 12
c) 14
d) 10
View Answer
a) abc*+
Answer: a b) abc+*
Explanation: The infix expression is a*b+c*d. c) ab+c*
Evaluating it, we get, 2*2+3*4=16. d) a+bc*
12. Consider the stack View Answer
|5| Answer: a
|4|
Explanation: Evaluating the given expression tree gives
|3| the infix expression a+b*c. Converting it to postfix, we
| 2 |. get, abc*+.
At this point, ‘*’ is encountered. What has to be done? 1. What data structure is used when converting an
a) 5*4=20 is pushed into the stack
infix notation to prefix notation?
b) * is pushed into the stack a) Stack
c) 2*3=6 is pushed into the stack b) Queue
d) * is ignored
c) B-Trees
View Answer d) Linked-list
Answer: a View Answer
Explanation: When an operator is encountered, the
Answer: a
first two operands of the stack are popped, evaluated Explanation: First you reverse the given equation and
and the result is pushed into the stack. carry out the algorithm of infix to postfix expression.
13. Evaluate the postfix expression ab + cd/- where
Here, the data structure used is stacks.
a=5, b=4, c=9, d=3. 2. What would be the Prefix notation for the given
a) 23 equation?
b) 15 A+(B*C)
c) 6
a) +A*CB
d) 10 b) *B+AC
View Answer c) +A*BC
Answer: c
d) *A+CB
Explanation: The infix expression is (a+b)-c/d. View Answer
Evaluating it, (5+4)-9/3 gives 6. Answer: c
14. Evaluate and write the result for the following Explanation: Reverse the equation or scan the
postfix expression equation from right to left. Apply the infix-postfix
abc*+de*f+g*+ where a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6, algorithm. The equation inside the bracket evaluates
g=2. to CB* and outside the bracket evaluates to A+
a) 61 therefore getting CB*A+. Reversing this and we get
b) 59 +A*BC.
c) 60 (A*B)+(C*D)
d) 55 a) +*AB*CD
View Answer
b) *+AB*CD
Answer: b c) **AB+CD
Explanation: The infix expression is a+b*c+(d*e+f)*g. d) +*BA*CD
Evaluating it, 1+2*3+(4*5+6)*2 gives 59. View Answer
15. For the given expression tree, write the correct Answer: a
postfix expression.
Explanation: Reverse the equation or scan the
equation from right to left. Apply the infix-postfix
algorithm. The equation inside the brackets evaluate
to DC* and BA* respectively giving us DC*BA*+ in the a+b-c/d&e|f
end. Reversing this we get the +*AB*CD. a) |&-+ab/cdef
4. What would be the Prefix notation for the given b) &|-+ab/cdef
equation? c) |&-ab+/cdef
A+B*C^D d) |&-+/abcdef
a) +A*B^CD View Answer
b) +A^B*CD Answer: a
c) *A+B^CD Explanation: Reverse the equation or scan the
d) ^A*B+CD equation from right to left. Apply the infix-prefix
View Answer algorithm. The preference order in ascending order
Answer: a are as follows |&+*/.
Explanation: Reverse the equation or scan the 9. What would be the Prefix notation for the given
equation from right to left. Apply the infix-prefix equation?
algorithm. The preference order in ascending order (a+(b/c)*(d^e)-f)
are as follows +*^. Operators are pushed into the a) -+a*/^bcdef
stack and popped if its preference is greater than the b) -+a*/bc^def
one which is getting pushed. In the end all operators c) -+a*b/c^def
are popped. The equation evaluates to DC^B*A+. d) -a+*/bc^def
Reversing this we get our following answer. View Answer
5. Out of the following operators (^, *, +, &, $), the Answer: b
one having highest priority is _________ Explanation: Reverse the equation or scan the
a) + equation from right to left. Apply the infix-prefix
b) $ algorithm. The preference order in ascending order
c) ^ are as follows +*/^. Brackets have the highest priority.
d) & The equations inside the brackets are solved first.
View Answer 10. What would be the Prefix notation and Postfix
Answer: c notation for the given equation?
Explanation: According to the algorithm (infix-prefix), A+B+C
it follows that the exponentiation will have the highest a) ++ABC and AB+C+
priority. b) AB+C+ and ++ABC
6. Out of the following operators (|, *, +, &, $), the c) ABC++ and AB+C+
one having lowest priority is ________ d) ABC+ and ABC+
a) + View Answer
b) $ Answer: a
c) | Explanation: For prefix notation there is a need of
d) & reversing the giving equation and solving it as a
View Answer normal infix-postfix question. We see that it doesn’t
Answer: c result as same as normal infix-postfix conversion.
Explanation: According to the algorithm (infix-prefix), 11. What would be the Prefix notation for the given
it follows that the logical OR will have the lowest equation?
priority. a|b&c
7. What would be the Prefix notation for the given a) a|&bc
equation? b) &|abc
A^B^C^D c) |a&bc
a) ^^^ABCD d) ab&|c
b) ^A^B^CD View Answer
c) ABCD^^^ Answer: c
d) AB^C^D Explanation: The order of preference of operators is as
View Answer follows (descending): & |.
Answer: b The equation a|b&c will be parenthesized
Explanation: Reverse the equation or scan the as (a|(b&c)) for evaluation.
equation from right to left. Apply the infix-prefix Therefore the equation for prefix notation evaluates
algorithm. Here we have to remember that the to |a&bc.
exponentiation has order of associativity from right to 1. When an operand is read, which of the following is
left. Therefore, the final answer will be ^A^B^CD. done?
8. What would be the Prefix notation for the given a) It is placed on to the output
equation? b) It is placed in operator stack
c) It is ignored a) -ab-c
d) Operator stack is emptied b) ab – c –
View Answer c) – -abc
Answer: a d) -ab-c
Explanation: While converting an infix expression to a View Answer
postfix expression, when an operand is read, it is Answer: b
placed on to the output. When an operator is read, it Explanation: The corresponding postfix expression for
is placed in the operator stack. the given infix expression is found to be ab-c- and not
2. What should be done when a left parenthesis ‘(‘ is abc- -.
encountered? 9. What is the postfix expression for the following infix
a) It is ignored expression?
b) It is placed in the output a/b^c-d
c) It is placed in the operator stack a) abc^/d-
d) The contents of the operator stack is emptied b) ab/cd^-
View Answer c) ab/^cd-
Answer: c d) abcd^/-
Explanation: When a left parenthesis is encountered, View Answer
it is placed on to the operator stack. When the Answer: a
corresponding right parenthesis is encountered, the Explanation: Using the infix to postfix conversion
stack is popped until the left parenthesis and remove algorithm, the corresponding postfix expression for
both the parenthesis. the infix expression is found to be abc^/d-.
3. Which of the following is an infix expression? 10. Which of the following statement is incorrect with
a) (a+b)*(c+d) respect to infix to postfix conversion algorithm?
b) ab+c* a) operand is always placed in the output
c) +ab b) operator is placed in the stack when the stack
d) abc+* operator has lower precedence
View Answer c) parenthesis are included in the output
Answer: a d) higher and equal priority operators follow the same
Explanation: (a+b)*(c+d) is an infix expression. +ab is a condition
prefix expression and ab+c* is a postfix expression. View Answer
4. What is the time complexity of an infix to postfix Answer: c
conversion algorithm? Explanation: Parentheses are not included in the
a) O(N log N) output. They are placed in the operator stack and then
b) O(N) discarded.
c) O(N2) 11. In infix to postfix conversion algorithm, the
d) O(M log N) operators are associated from?
View Answer a) right to left
Answer: b b) left to right
Explanation: The time complexity of an infix to postfix c) centre to left
expression conversion algorithm is mathematically d) centre to right
found to be O(N). View Answer
5.What is the postfix expression for the corresponding Answer: b
infix expression? Explanation: In infix, prefix and postfix expressions,
a+b*c+(d*e) the operators are associated from left to right and not
a) abc*+de*+ right to left.
b) abc+*de*+ 12. What is the corresponding postfix expression for
c) a+bc*de+* the given infix expression?
d) abc*+(de)*+ a*(b+c)/d
View Answer a) ab*+cd/
Answer: a b) ab+*cd/
Explanation: Using the infix to postfix expression c) abc*+/d
conversion algorithm, the corresponding postfix d) abc+*d/
expression is found to be abc*+de*+. View Answer
8. What is the postfix expression for the infix Answer: d
expression? Explanation: Using the infix to postfix conversion
a-b-c algorithm, the corresponding postfix expression is
obtained as abc+*d/.
13. What is the corresponding postfix expression for 2. What would be the solution to the given prefix
the given infix expression? notation?
a+(b*c(d/e^f)*g)*h) / / / 16 4 2 1
a) ab*cdef/^*g-h+ a) 1
b) abcdef^/*g*h*+ b) 4
c) abcd*^ed/g*-h*+ c) 2
d) abc*de^fg/*-*h+ d) 8
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: c
Explanation: Using the infix to postfix expression Explanation: The infix notation to the given prefix
conversion algorithm using stack, the corresponding notation is 16/4/2/1 which gives us 2 as our answer.
postfix expression is found to be abcdef^/*g*h*+. The infix notation is got from the prefix notation by
14. What is the correct postfix expression for the traversing the equation from the right.
following expression? = 16/4/2/1
a+b*(c^d-e)^(f+g*h)-i = 4/2/1 (16/4=4)
a) abc^de-fg+*^*+i- = 2/1 (4/2=2)
b) abcde^-fg*+*^h*+i- = 2 (2/1=2).
c) abcd^e-fgh*+^*+i- 3. What would be the solution to the given prefix
d) ab^-dc*+ef^gh*+i- notation?
View Answer +9*3/84
Answer: c a) 14
Explanation: The postfix expression for the given infix b) 15
expression is found to be abcd^e-fgh*+^*+i- when we c) 18
use infix to postfix conversion algorithm. d) 12
15. From the given Expression tree, identify the View Answer
correct postfix expression from the list of options. Answer: b
Explanation: The infix notation for the given prefix
notation is (9+(3*(8/4))) which solves to 15. So 15 is
correct answer.
4. What would be the solution to the given prefix
notation?
-+12*3/62
a) 6
b) -6
c) 3
a) ab*cd*+ d) -3
b) ab*cd-+ View Answer
c) abcd-*+ Answer: b
d) ab*+cd- Explanation: The infix notation for the given prefix
View Answer notation is (1+2)-3*(6/2). The result of the given
Answer: b equation is -6.
Explanation: From the given expression tree, the infix 6. Consider the postfix expression 4 5 6 a b 7 8 a c,
expression is found to be (a*b)+(c-d). Converting it to where a, b, c are operators. Operator a has higher
postfix, we get, ab*cd-+. precedence over operators b and c. Operators b and c
1. What would be the solution to the given prefix are right associative. Then, equivalent infix expression
notation? is
- + 5 / 10 5 5 a) 4 a 5 6 b 7 8 a c
a) 2 b) 4 a 5 c 6 b 7 a 8
b) 5 c) 4 b 5 a 6 c 7 a 8
c) 10 d) 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 a 8
d) 7 View Answer
View Answer Answer: c
Answer: a Explanation: Given postfix expression: 4 5 6 a b 7 8 a c
Explanation: The infix notation of the given prefix infix ⇒ 4 (5 a 6) b (7 a 8) c
notation is 5+10/5-5 which gives us 2 as our answer. ⇒ (4 b (5 a 6)) (7 a 8) c
⇒ (4 b (5 a 6)) c (7 a 8)
So, the required infix expression is 4 b 5 a 6 c 7 a 8.
1. Which of the following data structure is used to c) A+*BCD-
convert postfix expression to infix expression? d) *+AB-CD
a) Stack View Answer
b) Queue Answer: d
c) Linked List Explanation: To convert from postfix to prefix, we first
d) Heap convert it to infix and then to prefix.
View Answer postfix : AB+CD-*
Answer: a infix ⇒ (A+B) * (C-D)
Explanation: To convert the postfix expression into So, prefix ⇒ +AB*-CD,
infix expression we need stack. We need stack to ⇒ *+AB-CD.
maintain the intermediate infix expressions. We use Therefore, correct choice is *+AB-CD. 8. Which of the
stack to hold operands. following is valid reverse polish expression?
2. The postfix expression abc+de/*- is equivalent to a) a op b
which of the following infix expression? b) op a b
a) abc+-de*/ c) a b op
b) (a+b)-d/e*c d) both op a b and a b op
c) a-(b+c)*(d/e) View Answer
d) abc+*-(d/e) Answer: c
View Answer Explanation: The postfix expression is also known as
Answer: c the reverse polish expression. In postfix expressions,
Explanation: Given postfix expression : abc+de/*- the operators come after the operands. So, the correct
infix ⇒ a(b+c)(d/e)*- expression is a b op and hence a b op is correct.
⇒ a(b+c)*(d/e)- 9. The result of the postfix expression 5 3 * 9 + 6 / 8 4
⇒ a-(b+c)*(d/e) / + is _____________
Hence, correct choice is a-(b+c)*(d/e). a) 8
3. The equivalent infix expression and value for the b) 6
postfix form 1 2 + 3 * 4 5 * – will be ___________ c) 10
a) 1 + 2 * 3 – 4 * 5 and -13 d) 9
b) (2 + 1) * (3 – 4) * 5 and 13 View Answer
c) 1 + 2 * (3 – 4) * 5 and -11 Answer: b
d) (1 + 2) * 3 – (4 * 5) and -11 Explanation: Given postfix expression: 5 3 * 9 + 6 / 8 4
View Answer /+
Answer: d Result = 5 3 * 9 + 6 / 8 4 / +
Explanation: Given postfix expression : 1 2 + 3 * 4 5 * – = (5 * 3) 9 + 6 / (8 / 4) +
⇒ (1 + 2) 3 * 4 5 * – = ((5 * 3) + 9) / 6 + ( 8 / 4) = ( 24 / 6) + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6.
⇒ ((1 + 2) * 3) 4 5 * –
⇒ ((1 + 2) * 3) (4 * 5) –
⇒ ((1 + 2) * 3) – (4 * 5)
So, the equivalent infix expression is (1 + 2) * 3 – (4 *
5) and it’s value is -11.
4. What is the value of the postfix expression 2 3 + 4 5
6––*
a) 19
b) 21
c) -4
d) 25
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Given postfix expression : 2 3 + 4 5 6 – – *
infix ⇒ (2 + 3)4 (5 – 6) – *
⇒ (2 + 3)*4 – (5 – 6)
Hence, value = (2 + 3) * (4 – (5 – 6)) = 5 *(4 – (-1)) =
5*5 = 25.
5. The prefix expression of the postfix expression
AB+CD-* is __________
a) (A+B)*(C-D)
b) +AB*-CD
 D. None
SEMICONDUCTOR Answer: B
1. A semiconductor has electrical conductivity: 12. The forbidden energy gap of an insulator is:
A. Less than conductor but more than insulator A. 0 eV
B. More than conductor B. < 1 eV
C. Equal to insulator C. > 3 eV
D. None of the above D. 1.1 eV
Answer: A Answer: C
2. The most commonly used semiconductor material is: 13. Which of the following is a compound semiconductor?
A. Copper A. Silicon
B. Silicon B. Germanium
C. Iron C. Gallium Arsenide
D. Aluminium D. Carbon
Answer: B Answer: C
3. The number of valence electrons in a silicon atom is: 14. The conductivity of a semiconductor is mainly due to:
A. 2 A. Free protons
B. 3 B. Free neutrons
C. 4 C. Free electrons and holes
D. 5 D. Bound electrons
Answer: C Answer: C
4. The energy gap in silicon is approximately: 15. Band gap in a conductor is:
A. 0.7 eV A. Very small
B. 1.1 eV B. Zero
C. 2.5 eV C. 3 eV
D. 3.0 eV D. Very large
Answer: B Answer: B
5. Which of the following is an intrinsic semiconductor? 16. A material with 1.1 eV band gap is likely:
A. Copper A. Insulator
B. Germanium B. Semiconductor
C. Silicon with boron C. Conductor
D. Silicon with phosphorus D. Superconductor
Answer: B Answer: B
6. The conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor increases with: 17. When a semiconductor is doped with boron, it becomes:
A. Decrease in temperature A. n-type
B. Increase in temperature B. p-type
C. Doping C. Insulator
D. Decrease in current D. Conductor
Answer: B Answer: B
7. Doping a semiconductor with pentavalent impurity produces: 18. The process of adding impurities to a pure semiconductor is
A. p-type called:
B. n-type A. Refining
C. Insulator B. Doping
D. Metal C. Amplifying
Answer: B D. Coating
8. Which of the following is a trivalent impurity? Answer: B
A. Phosphorus 19. Gallium arsenide is mainly used in:
B. Arsenic A. Mechanical devices
C. Boron B. Solar cells & LEDs
D. Antimony C. Transformers
Answer: C D. Capacitors
9. Majority charge carriers in p-type semiconductors are: Answer: B
A. Electrons 20. Which of the following has the highest electrical conductivity?
B. Holes A. Insulator
C. Protons B. Semiconductor
D. Neutrons C. Conductor
Answer: B D. Semiconductor at 0 K
10. In an n-type semiconductor, majority charge carriers are: Answer: C
A. Holes 21. The minority carriers in a p-type semiconductor are:
B. Protons A. Electrons
C. Electrons B. Holes
D. Neutrons C. Ions
Answer: C D. Protons
11. The property of a semiconductor to conduct better at higher Answer: A
temperatures is due to:
A. Metallic bonding
B. Increase in free charge carriers
C. Magnetic field
22. The mobility of electrons is: B. Resistance decreases
A. Less than holes C. Carrier concentration decreases
B. More than holes D. No change
C. Equal to holes Answer: B
D. None of the above 33. Which is not a property of semiconductor?
Answer: B A. Negative temperature coefficient
23. The process in which electrons recombine with holes is known B. Band gap < 3 eV
as: C. Always metallic bond
A. Doping D. Conductivity increases with T
B. Ionization Answer: C
C. Recombination 34. The process of moving electrons to conduction band is called:
D. Conduction A. Diffusion
Answer: C B. Excitation
24. The symbol “eV” stands for: C. Ionization
A. Electric Voltage D. Doping
B. Electron Velocity Answer: B
C. Electron Volt 35. Which of the following is not a semiconductor?
D. Energy Value A. Silicon
Answer: C B. Germanium
25. In which device does recombination of holes and electrons C. Gallium arsenide
emit light? D. Copper
A. Diode Answer: D
B. LED 36. The recombination of electrons and holes is accompanied by:
C. Transistor A. Photon emission
D. Resistor B. Increase in voltage
Answer: B C. Increase in resistance
D. None
25 More MCQs (26–50) Answer: A
26. At absolute zero temperature, an intrinsic semiconductor 37. The doping material used for p-type in silicon is:
behaves as: A. Phosphorus
A. Perfect conductor B. Arsenic
B. Insulator C. Boron
C. Superconductor D. Antimony
D. None Answer: C
Answer: B 38. The temperature coefficient of resistance of semiconductors is:
27. Doping with trivalent element introduces: A. Positive
A. Free electrons B. Negative
B. Free holes C. Zero
C. No charge carriers D. Varies with material
D. Photons Answer: B
Answer: B 39. At 0 Kelvin, semiconductors behave as:
28. Intrinsic semiconductors are poor conductors because: A. Conductor
A. They lack free electrons B. Superconductor
B. They have many free carriers C. Insulator
C. They are pure D. Amplifier
D. Band gap is very large Answer: C
Answer: A 40. A heavily doped semiconductor is called:
29. Energy band gap is minimum in: A. Intrinsic
A. Silicon B. Degenerate
B. Copper C. Minority
C. Germanium D. Excess
D. Insulator Answer: B
Answer: C 41. Which type of bonding is present in semiconductors?
30. The electrical resistivity of semiconductors is typically: A. Ionic
A. 10⁻⁸ ohm-m B. Covalent
B. 10⁻⁴ ohm-m C. Metallic
C. 10² ohm-m D. None
D. 10⁶ ohm-m Answer: B
Answer: B 42. Fermi level lies near the conduction band in:
31. What is the unit of mobility? A. p-type
A. m²/V·s B. n-type
B. ohm C. Intrinsic
C. V/m D. Metal
D. A/V Answer: B
Answer: A 43. Which carrier moves faster in semiconductors?
32. What happens when temperature increases in an intrinsic A. Electrons
semiconductor? B. Holes
A. Resistance increases C. Both same
D. None b) Forward Voltage
Answer: A c) Knee Voltage
44. The effective mass of electrons in semiconductors is:
A. Infinite
d) Voltage barrier
B. Zero View Answer
C. Less than in vacuum Answer: c
D. More than in vacuum Explanation: Till the knee voltage, the current in a
Answer: C semiconductor increases slowly. After Knee voltage,
45. The forbidden energy gap of Germanium is:
A. 1.1 eV
the current increases rapidly for a small change in the
B. 0.7 eV voltage.
C. 0.2 eV 3. The Knee Voltage for germanium is _________
D. 2 eV a) 0.1 V
Answer: B b) 0.3 V
46. What is the function of doping? c) 0.7 V
A. Increase size d) 1.4 V
B. Increase energy gap View Answer
C. Increase conductivity Answer: b
D. Decrease cost Explanation: Knee voltage or the threshold voltage is the point
after which the current increases rapidly. For germanium, it is
Answer: C
about 0.3 V while for silicon it is 0.7 V.
47. LED works on:
5. The current produced in reverse-bias is called as __________
A. Diffusion
a) Reverse Current
B. Recombination
b) Breakdown Current
C. Conduction
c) Negative Current
D. Thermal ionization
d) Leakage Current
Answer: B
View Answer
48. The most abundant element used in semiconductors is:
Answer: d
A. Gallium
Explanation: When the diode is reverse biased, the reverse bias
B. Arsenic
voltage produces an extremely small current, about a few micro
C. Silicon
amperes. This is called leakage current.
D. Indium
6. Which diode is designed to work under breakdown region?
Answer: C a) Photodiode
49. What happens to an intrinsic semiconductor under UV light? b) Light Emitting Diode
A. Becomes insulator c) Solar Cell
B. Becomes better conductor d) Zener diode
C. Melts View Answer
D. Gets oxidized Answer: d
Answer: B Explanation: Zener Diode is designed specifically to operate in the
50. In semiconductor physics, “hole” means: breakdown region. It is mostly used as a voltage regulator in
A. Free proton various circuits.
B. Absence of an electron 1. Zener diode is designed to specifically work in which region
C. Ion without getting damaged?
D. Free neutron a) Active region
Answer: B b) Breakdown region
c) Forward bias
“Characteristics of P-N Junction”. d) Reverse bias
View Answer
1. In a P-N Junction, the depletion region is reduced Answer: b
when _________ Explanation: The Zener diode is a specifically designed diode to
a) P side is connected to the negative side of the operate in the breakdown region without getting damaged.
Because of this characteristic, it can be used as a constant-voltage
terminal
device.
b) P side is connected to the positive side of the 2. What is the level of doping in Zener Diode?
terminal a) Lightly Doped
c) N side is connected to the positive side of the b) Heavily Doped
terminal c) Moderately Doped
d) No doping
d) Never reduced View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: b Explanation: A Zener diode is heavily doped so that the breakdown
Explanation: When the P-side of a P-N junction is voltage occurs at a lower voltage. If it were lightly/moderately
doped, it would breakdown at a comparatively high voltage and,
connected to the positive terminal of a battery, the
thus, would not be able to serve its purpose.
junction is forward biased and hence the depletion 3. When the reverse voltage across the Zener diode is increased
region reduces. _____________
2. The voltage at which forward bias current increases a) The value of saturation current increases
rapidly is called as ___________ b) No effect
c) The value of cut-off potential increases
a) Breakdown Voltage
d) The value of cut-off potential decreases d) 150 Ω
View Answer View Answer
Answer: c Answer: d
Explanation: As the frequency of the incident radiation increases, Explanation: The value of R should be such that the current
the kinetic energies of the emitted electron are higher and through the Zener diode is much larger than the load current.
therefore require more repulsive force to be applied to stop them. Imagine, Iz = 20 mA. The total current is therefore 24 mA.
The value of saturation current increases, as the intensity of the The voltage drop = 3 V
incident radiation, increases. Resistance = 3 V/24 X 10-3 A
The value of cut-off potential decreases, as the frequency Resistance = 125 Ω.
decreases. 10. In the circuit, what is the output voltage?
4. Zener Diode is mostly used as ____________
a) Half-wave rectifier
b) Full-wave rectifier
c) Voltage Regulator
d) LED
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Zener diode, once in the breakdown region,
keeps the voltage in the circuit to which it is connected as
constant. Thus it is widely used as a voltage regulator.
5. Which of the following is the correct symbol for the zener a) 50 V
diode? b) 70 V
c) 120 V
d) 170 V
a) View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the absence of Zener diode, the open circuit
voltage, V = RlVi/ R + Rl
b) V = 80 V
c) Now, since the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is 50 V, the
diode will undergo breakdown
Output Voltage would be equal to 50 V.
1. What type of device is a diode?
a) Unidirectional
b) Bidirectional
c) Isolated
d) inappropriate
d) View Answer
View Answer Answer: a
Answer: d Explanation: Diode is a device which allows current to flow only in
Explanation: The following figure is the correct symbol for the one direction with ease. In the opposite direction, it far more
Zener diode. difficult to conduct current for the diode. So, it can’t be
7. The depletion region of the Zener diode is ____________ acknowledged as a bidirectional device as that changes the
a) Thick properties and characteristics of diode. Hence, Diode is a
b) Normal unidirectional device.
c) Very Thin 2. Which region of the diode, does the anode corresponds to?
d) Very thick a) N-type
View Answer b) P-type
Answer: c c) Depletion layer
Explanation: Zener diode is fabricated by heavily doping both p- d) Hidden
and n-sides of the junction, which results in an extremely thin View Answer
depletion region. Answer: b
8. The electric field required for the field ionization is of what Explanation: When the diode is biased by an external source, the
order? anode is connected to the positive terminal and cathode to the
a) 104 V/m negative terminal. P-type material has majority carriers as holes. If
b) 105 V/m a potential difference is applied externally, the electrons in N-type
c) 106 V/m would flow in a direction N-P i.e. cathode to anode and the
d) 107 V/m direction of current would be from anode to cathode.
View Answer 3. What is the voltage required across the P-N junction, to make it
Answer: c conduct in forward bias state for a silicon diode?
Explanation: In a Zener diode, a very high electric field is produced a) 0.3 V
for even a very small voltage. The electric field required for field b) 0.9 V
ionization is of the order 106 V/m. c) 0.7 V
9. In a circuit the load current is 5 mA and the unregulated output d) 1.2 V
is 10 V. If the voltage drop across the Zener diode is 3 V, what View Answer
should be the value of resistance? Answer: c
a) 50 Ω Explanation: The forward biasing voltage is the voltage, which is
b) 100 Ω applied across the P-N junction externally to make flow of current
c) 125 Ω with ease. In forward biased state the anode is connected to
positive terminal and cathode to the negative terminal of the c) Moderate
external supply. Such voltage for Silicon diode is 0.7 Volts and for d) Same
Germanium is 0.3 Volts. View Answer
5. When voltage is applied across cathode to anode then it is said Answer: b
to be ________ biased. Explanation: When the diode is in reversed bias state, the
a) Reverse depletion layer is thick than the depletion layer formed in the
b) Forward forward biased state. Due to the external potential applied it adds
c) Cyclic up to the barrier made naturally in the depletion layer. This
d) Backward reduces the flow of current to great extent and hence the diode
View Answer acts as an insulator and end up with high resistance.
Answer: b 10. What is the magnitude of the current in forward biased state?
Explanation: When we apply a voltage across a reversed diode i.e. a) Zero
we are applying from cathode to anode (N-type to P-type). The b) Depends on reverse voltage
diode is said to be reverse biased in this state, in which, it can c) Depends on forward voltage
resist current up to a certain limit depending on the physical d) Depends on temperature
conditions. View Answer
6. Name the maximum voltage that the diode can withstand, Answer: c
when a reverse bias voltage is applied to it. Explanation: The magnitude of the current can’t be zero, as there
a) Peak Voltage will be a least current passing through the diode. Also, the value
b) Minimal Voltage depends on the reverse saturation current and not the reverse
c) Peak Inverse Voltage voltage. The effect of temperature does affect the current but is
d) Minimal Inverse Voltage not dependent on it. So, the magnitude depends on the forward
View Answer biasing voltage.
Answer: c 11. If 15 fermi-A is the reverse saturation current, with 0.7 Volts as
Explanation: When a reverse bias voltage is applied to a diode that across the diode. Assuming ideality factor 1 and VT as 0.025 Volts.
means, we will connect the anode to negative point and cathode What is the diode current?
to positive point of an external potential difference. It can only a) 21.6 mA
withstand a voltage up to a certain limit. If the limit is crossed it b) 15.6 mA
undergoes breakdown called as Reverse voltage breakdown and c) 16.2 mA
that value is the Peak Inverse Voltage. d) 25.82 mA
7. Which state of the graph shows the I-V characteristics of the View Answer
diode? Answer: a
Explanation: We have, ID = IS (e(VD/n VT) – 1), where ID = Diode
current.
IS = Reverse saturation current = 15 fermi-Ampere = 15 x 10-
15 Ampere.

VD = Voltage across the diode = 0.7 Volts.

VT = Thermal Voltage = 0.025 volts. Assigning values, we get,
Therefore, ID = 21.6 mA.
1. What is a rectifier used for?
a) Forward biased a) Convert ac voltage to dc voltage
b) Peak Voltage b) Convert dc voltage to ac voltage
c) Conducting state c) Measure resistance
d) Reverse Biased d) Measure current
View Answer View Answer
Answer: d Answer: a
Explanation: As seen the graph we can observe that the values of Explanation: A rectifier is based on the fact that a forward bias p-n
current and voltage are negative. It clearly describes about the junction conducts and a reverse bias p-n junction does not
reverse bias state of diode, as it also shows the reverse breakdown conduct electricity. The rectifier is used to convert alternating
and the Peak Inverse Voltage. The immediate declination of current voltage (ac) to direct current voltage (dc).
voltage after a point, is the breakdown. 2. How many main types of rectifiers are there?
8. How is the depletion layer in forward biased state as compared a) 1
to reverse biased state? b) 5
a) Thin c) 2
b) Thick d) 4
c) Absent View Answer
d) Maximum Answer: c
View Answer Explanation: Rectifier is a device that does the process of
Answer: a rectification. This means that rectifiers straighten the direction of
Explanation: When the diode is forward biased, the electron from the current flowing through it. There are mainly 2 types of
the N-type move to P-type much quicker than when they are in rectifiers, namely, full-wave rectifiers and half-wave rectifiers.
natural state. The external potential difference applied allows the 3. What is the ripple factor for a half-wave rectifier?
diode to get to equilibrium sooner and also reduces the potential a) 2.0
barrier. This creates an easy path for the flow of current, which b) 1.21
make the depletion layer thin. c) 0.482
9. How is the resistance in the reversed biased state, as compared d) 0.877
to the forward biased state resistance? View Answer
a) Low Answer: b
b) High Explanation: For a half-wave rectifier,
Irms=Im2; Idc=Imπ
r = (Im2)2(Imπ)2–1−−−−−−−√ Irms = 0.0921.414
r=1.21 Irms = 0.065 A
5. Identify the expression for rectification efficiency from the 10. Calculate the value of peak reverse voltage (P.I.V.) if the full-
following. wave rectifier has an alternating voltage of 300 V.
a) a) 849 V
η=acinputpowerfromtransformersecondarydcpowerdeliveredtoloa b) 800 V
d c) 750 V
b) η=dc power delivered to load × ac input power from d) 870 V
transformer secondary View Answer
c) η=dc power delivered to load + ac input power from Answer: a
transformer secondary Explanation: Given: Erms = 300 V
d) The required equation is ➔ P.I.V. = 2 × E0 or P.I.V. = 2√2 × Erms
η=dcpowerdeliveredtoloadacinputpowerfromtransformerseconda P.I.V. = 2√2 × 300 V
ry P.I.V. = 848.52 V ≈ 849 V.
View Answer 1. If a rectifier has 2 diodes it is a __________
Answer: d a) Quarter-wave rectifier
Explanation: The rectification efficiency tells us what percentage of b) Half-wave rectifier
the total input ac power can be converted into useful dc output c) Full-wave rectifier
power. The expression for rectification efficiency is given as: d) Peak-to-peak rectifier
η=dcpowerdeliveredtoloadacinputpowerfromtransformerseconda View Answer
ry Answer: c
6. What is the form factor for a full-wave rectifier? Explanation: A full-wave rectifier requires at least 2 diodes. If only
a) 1.11 one junction diode is used, then the wave would be only half
b) 1.57 rectified. The two diodes are connected in such a way, that when
c) 2.62 one diode is forward biased the other would be reverse biased.
d) 0.453 2. How does the frequency of the wave changes when the wave
View Answer has been half-rectified?
Answer: a a) Doubles
Explanation: For a full-wave rectifier, b) Halves
Irms=Im2√; Idc=2Imπ c) One-fourth
Form factor=IrmsIdc d) Remains same
Form factor=Im2√2Imπ View Answer
Form factor=π22√=1.11 Answer: d
7. An alternating voltage of 360 V, 50 Hz is applied to a full-wave Explanation: After the wave has been half-rectified, the frequency
rectifier. The internal resistance of each diode is 100 W. If RL = 5 of the wave remains same. When the wave has been fully
kW, then what is the peak value of output current? rectified, then the frequency doubles.
a) 0.9 A 3. In a full-wave rectifier, at a certain point of time, what is the
b) 0.07 A biasing of both the diodes?
c) 0.097 A a) When one is Forward biased, other is Reverse biased
d) 1.097 A b) Both forward biased
View Answer c) Both reverse biased
Answer: c d) Can’t be predicted
Explanation: The required equation is as follows: View Answer
Ipeak=Irms × √2=Vrms×2√RL+2rp Answer: a
Ipeak=360×2√5000+200 Explanation: In the case of a full-wave rectifier, the two diodes are
Ipeak=360×1.4145200 connected such that when one diode is forward biased, the other
Ipeak=0.097 A one would be reverse biased.
8. Find the value of output direct current if the peak value of 5. Which device is used to get a steady DC output?
output current is given as 0.095 A. a) Battery
a) 0.6 b) Zener Diode
b) 0.060 c) Resistor
c) 0.05 d) Capacitor
d) 6.06 View Answer
View Answer Answer: d
Answer: b Explanation: Though the rectified voltage is unidirectional, it does
Explanation: Given: I0 = 0.095 A not have a steady value. To get steady DC output from the
The required equation is ➔ IDC = (2×IO)π pulsating voltage normally a capacitor is connected across the
IDC = (2×0.095)3.14 output.
IDC = 0.060 A. 6. Which of the following is not a use of Rectifier Diode?
9. What is the rms value of output current if the peak value of a) Voltage Reference
output current is given as 0.092 A? b) Detection signals
a) 0.65 A c) Voltage regulator
b) 6.5 A d) LASER diodes
c) 0.45 A View Answer
d) 0.065 A Answer: c
View Answer Explanation: Rectifier diode is used for Voltage reference,
Answer: d detection signals and LASER diodes as well. Zener Diode is used as
Explanation: Given: I0 = 0.092 A a voltage regulator.
The required equation is ➔ Irms = IO2√
9. For high frequency rectifying application, which diode is used? a) 0.623
a) LED b) 0.812
b) Power Diode c) 0.693
c) Zener Diode d) 0.825
d) Schottky Diode View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: d Explanation: Transformer utilization factor is the ratio of AC power
Explanation: The voltage in forward bias condition is low in delivered to load to the DC power rating. This factor indicates
Schottky diodes. Also, it’s the reverse recovery time is short. Due effectiveness of transformer usage by rectifier. For bridge full wave
to these factors, Schottky diodes are used for high frequency rectifier it’s equal to 0.693.
rectifying applications. 6. If peak voltage on a bridge full wave rectifier circuit is 5V and
10. Which characteristic of Power Diode makes it suitable for diode cut in voltage os 0.7, then the peak inverse voltage on diode
rectification of large current devices? will be_________
a) Heavily doped a) 4.3V
b) Larger Junction b) 9.3V
c) Thicker depletion zone c) 8.6V
d) Greater charge carriers d) 3.6V
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: d
Explanation: When the forward current is large, small diodes Explanation: PIV is the maximum reverse bias voltage that can be
generally get overheated and melt. Thus, to prevent that, Power appeared across a diode in the circuit. If PIV rating of diode is less
diode is used as it has a larger P-N junction area, resulting in a high than this value breakdown of diode may occur.. Therefore, PIV
forward current capability and reverse blocking voltage. rating of diode should be greater than PIV in the circuit, For bridge
1. DC average current of a bridge full wave rectifier (where Im is rectifier PIV is Vm-VD = 5-1.4=3.6.
the maximum peak current of input). 7. Efficiency of bridge full wave rectifier is_________
a) 2Im a) 81.2%
b) Im b) 50%
c) Im/2 c) 40.6%
d) 1.414Im d) 45.33%
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: Average DC current of half wave rectifier is Im. Since Explanation: It’s obtained by taking ratio of DC power output to
output of half wave rectifier contains only one half of the input. maximum AC power delivered to load. Efficiency of a rectifier is
The average value is the half of the area of one half cycle of sine the effectiveness of rectifier to convert AC to DC. It’s usually
wave with peak Im. This is equal to Im. expressed inn percentage. For bridge full wave rectifier, it’s 81.2%.
2. DC power output of bridge full wave rectifier is equal to (Im is 8. In a bridge full wave rectifier, the input sine wave is 40sin100t.
the peak current and RL is the load resistance). The average output voltage is_________
a) 2 Im2RL a) 22.73V
b) 4 Im2RL b) 16.93V
c) Im2RL c) 25.47V
d) Im2 RL/2 d) 33.23V
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: c
Explanation: DC output power is the power output of the rectifier. Explanation: The equation of sine wave is in the form Emsinωt.
We know VDC for a bridge rectifier is 2Vm and IDC for a bridge Therefore, Em=40. Hence output voltage is 2Em=80V.
rectifier is 2Im. We also know VDC=IDC/RL. Hence output power is 9. Number of diodes used in a full wave bridge rectifier
4Im2RL. is_________
3. Ripple factor of bridge full wave rectifier is? a) 1
a) 1.414 b) 2
b) 1.212 c) 3
c) 0.482 d) 4
d) 1.321 View Answer
View Answer Answer: d
Answer: c Explanation: The model of a bridge rectifier is same as Wein
Explanation: Ripple factor of a rectifier measures the ripples or AC Bridge. It needs 4 resistors. Bridge rectifier needs 4 diodes while
content in the output. It’s obtained by dividing AC rms output with centre tap configuration requires only one.
DC output. For full wave bridge rectifier it is 0.482. 10. In a bridge full wave rectifier, the input sine wave is
4. If input frequency is 50Hz then ripple frequency of bridge full 250sin100t. The output ripple frequency will be_________
wave rectifier will be equal to_________ a) 50Hz
a) 200Hz b) 200Hz
b) 50Hz c) 100Hz
c) 45Hz d) 25Hz
d) 100Hz View Answer
View Answer Answer: c
Answer: d Explanation: The equation of sine wave is in the form of Emsinωt.
Explanation: Since in the output of bridge rectifier one half cycle is So, ω=100 and frequency (f)=ω/2=50Hz. Since output of bridge
repeated, the frequency will be twice as that of input frequency. rectifier have double the frequency of input, f=100Hz.
So, f=100Hz. 1. _________ diodes are preferred in AC rectifier voltmeter
5. Transformer utilization factor of bridge full wave rectifier arrangements.
_________ a) Silicon
b) Germanium b) Only very high voltages
c) Gallium c) Both very small and very high voltages
d) Arsenide d) Neither high nor small voltages
View Answer View Answer
Answer: a Answer: c
Explanation: Silicon diodes are preferred because of their low Explanation: A voltmeter is an instrument that measures the
reverse current and high forward current ratings. A PMMC difference in electrical potential between two points in an electric
movement is also used by the rectifier type instruments along with circuit. An analog voltmeter moves a pointer across a scale in
a rectifier arrangement. proportion to the circuit’s voltage; a digital voltmeter provides a
2. AC voltmeter consists of_________ numerical display. Thus it is suitable for measuring both small and
a) half wave rectifier high voltages.
b) full wave rectifier 8. In electronic voltmeter, the range of input voltages can be
c) center tap rectifier extended by using _______
d) bridge wave rectifier a) Functional switch
View Answer b) Input attenuator
Answer: d c) Rectifier
Explanation: The bridge rectifier provides a full wave pulsating dc. d) Balanced bridge dc amplifier
Due to the inertia of the movable coil, the meter indicates a steady View Answer
deflection proportional to the average value of the current. The Answer: b
meter scale is usually calibrated to give the RMS value an Explanation: The function of the attenuator is that it helps to
alternating sine wave input. select a particular range of voltage values. The rectifier is essential
3. In reverse bias, rectifier behaves as a___________ in a voltmeter for the conversion of AC voltage into DC voltage.
a) Resistor 9. The scale of a voltmeter is uniform. Its type is _________
b) Capacitor a) Moving Iron
c) Inductor b) Induction
d) Amplifier c) Moving coil permanent magnet
View Answer d) Moving coil dynamometer
Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: The rectifier exhibits capacitance properties when Answer: c
reverse biased, and tends to bypass higher frequencies. The meter Explanation: Moving coil permanent magnet instruments have
reading may be in error by as much as 0.5% decrease for every 1 permanent magnets. It is suited for DC measurement because
kHz rise in frequency. here deflection is proportional to the voltage because resistance is
4. In a general rectifier voltmeter, the meter has low sensitivity constant for a material of the meter and hence if voltage polarity
because of ___________ of the diode. is reversed, deflection of the pointer will also be reversed so it is
a) low forward resistance used only for DC measurement.
b) high forward resistance 10. Which of the instruments is most accurate?
c) low reverse impedance a) PMMC
d) high reverse impedance b) Moving iron
View Answer c) Thermo couple
Answer: b d) Induction type
Explanation: The diode offers high resistance when forward View Answer
biased. Thus, offering more resistance to the current flow in the Answer: a
circuit. Thus making the meter less sensitive. Explanation: This torque in PMMC ensures the pointer comes to
5. Which of the following instruments cannot be applied for ac an equilibrium position i.e. at rest in the scale without oscillating
measurements? to give an accurate reading. In PMMC as the coil moves in the
a) Hot wire magnetic field, eddy current sets up in a metal former or core on
b) PMMC which the coil is wound or in the circuit of the coil itself which
c) Electrostatic opposes the motion of the coil resulting in the slow swing of a
d) Induction type pointer and then come to rest quickly with very little oscillation. It
View Answer has great accuracy.
Answer: b 1. Which of the following is not a part of a BJT?
Explanation: The moving coil instrument can only be used on D.C a) Base
supply as the reversal of current produces a reversal of torque on b) Collector
the coil. It’s very delicate and sometimes uses AC circuit with a c) Emitter
rectifier. It’s costly as compared to moving coil iron instruments. d) None of the mentioned
6. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is __________ View Answer 4. If a BJT is to be used as an amplifier, then it must
a) low operate in___________
b) infinite a) Cut-off mode
c) zero b) Active mode
d) high c) Saturation mode
View Answer d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: The internal resistance of an ideal voltmeter is infinity
and the internal resistance of an ideal ammeter is zero. Ammeter Answer: b
is connected in series and voltmeter is connected in parallel with Explanation: A BJT operates as an amplifiers in active mode and as
the electric appliance. The resistance of an idea voltmeter is a switch in cut-off or saturation mode.
infinite so that it draws no current from the circuit under test. 5. If a BJT is to be used as a switch, it must operate
7. Electronic voltmeters can be designed to measure in____________
____________ a) Cut-off mode or active mode
a) Only very small voltages b) Active Mode or saturation mode
c) Cut-off mode or saturation mode 4. The correct relation between the transistor parameters α and ß
d) Cut-off mode or saturation mode or active mode are related by
View Answer a) ß = 1 – α/α
Answer: c b) ß = 1 + α/α
Explanation: A BJT operates as an amplifiers in active mode and as c) α = ß + 1/ß
a switch in cut-off or saturation mode. d) α = ß/ß + 1
6. In cut off mode View Answer
a) The base-emitter junction is forward biased and emitter- Answer: d
collector junction is reversed biased Explanation: Only expression α = ß/ß + 1 is the correct expression
b) The base-emitter junction is forward biased and emitter- that relates α and ß.
collector junction is forward biased 5. The correct expression relating the emitter current Ie to the
c) The base-emitter junction is reversed biased and emitter- collector current Ic is
collector junction is reversed biased a) Ie = α Ic
d) The base-emitter junction is reversed biased and emitter- b) Ic = α Ic
collector junction is forward biased c) Ie = ß Ic
View Answer d) Ic = ß Ic
Answer: c View Answer
Explanation: In cut-off mode there is no current flowing through Answer: b
the BJT hence both junctions must be reversed biased else if either Explanation: Ie = Ic/α or Ic = α Ie
of them is forward biased then the current will flow.
7. On which of the following does the scale current not depends 2. The number of pn junctions in a BJT is/are
upon? a) 1
a) Effective width of the base b) 2
b) Charge of an electron c) 3
c) Electron diffusivity d) 4
d) Volume of the base-emitter junction View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: d Explanation: There are two pn junctions, base-emitter junction
Explanation: The saturation current does not depends upon the and collector-emitter junction respectively.
volume of the base-emitter junction. Instead it depends upon the 3. In which of the following modes can a BJT be used?
area of the cross section of the base-emitter junction in a direction a) Cut-off mode
perpendicular to the flow of current. b) Active mode
8. On which of the following does the collector current not c) Saturation mode
depends upon? d) All of the mentioned
a) Saturation current View Answer
b) Thermal voltage Answer: d
c) Voltage difference between the base and emitter Explanation: These three are the defined regions in which a BJT
d) None of the mentioned operates.
View Answer
Answer: d 1. The curve between the collector current versus the potential
Explanation: Collector current depends linearly of the saturation difference between the base and emitter is
current and exponentially to the ratio of the voltage difference a) A straight line inclined to the axes
between the base and collector and thermal voltage. b) A straight line parallel to the x-axis
9. The range for the transistor parameter also referred as c) An exponentially varying curve
common-emitter current gain has a value of__________ for d) A parabolic curve
common devices. View Answer
a) 50-200 Answer: c
b) 400-600 Explanation: The natural logarithm of the collector current
c) 750-1000 depends directly on the the potential difference between the base
d) > 1000 and the emitter.
View Answer 2. The curve between the collector current and the saturation is
Answer: a a) A straight line inclined to the axes
Explanation: Most commonly used transistors have a voltage gain b) A straight line parallel to the x-axis
of in the range of 50-200. Only some specially designed transistors c) A straight line parallel to the y-axis
have a transistor parameter in the range of 1000. d) An exponential curve
10. The collector current Ic is related to the emitter current Ie by a View Answer
factor k. If b is the transistor parameter then the value of k in Answer: a
terms of b is Explanation: The collector current depends directly on the
a) k = b/(b + 1) saturation curren
b) k = (b + 1)/b 6. The value of the thermal voltage at room temperature can be
c) b = (k + 1)/k approximated as
d) None of the mentioned a) 25 mV
View Answer b) 30 mV
Answer: a c) 35 mV
Explanation: Ic = k Ie (given) and also Ie = (b + 1)/b Ic (standard d) 40 mV
result). Equating these two results we get k = b/(b + 1). View Answer
Answer: a
Answer: d Explanation: Thermal voltage is given by kT/q which at T = 25
Explanation: BJT consists of three semiconductor regions, base degrees Celsius is approximately 25 mV.
region, emitter region and collector region.
7. The correct relation between the emitter current Ie and the 3. Which of the following is true for a typical active region of an
base current Ib is given by npn transistor?
a) Ib = (1 + α) Ie a) The potential difference between the emitter and the collector
b) Ib = (α – 1) Ie is less than 0.5 V
c) Ie = (1 – ß) Ib b) The potential difference between the emitter and the collector
d) Ie = (1 + ß) Ib is less than 0.4 V
View Answer c) The potential difference between the emitter and the collector
Answer: d is less than 0.3 V
Explanation: The correct mathematical expression are Ie = (1 – ß) d) The potential difference between the emitter and the collector
Ib and Ib = (1 – α) Ie respectively. is less than 0.2 V
8. The Early Effect is also called as View Answer
a) Base-width modulation effect Answer: c
b) Base-width amplification effect Explanation: Most commonly used transistors have Vce less than
c) Both of the mentioned 0.4 V for the active region.
d) None of the mentioned 4. Which of the following is true for the active region of an npn
View Answer transistor?
Answer: a a) The collector current is directly proportional to the base current
Explanation: At a given value of vBE, increasing vCE increases the b) The potential difference between the emitter and the collector
reverse-bias voltage on the collector–base junction, and thus is less than 0.4 V
increases the width of the depletion region of this junction. This in c) All of the mentioned
turn results in a decrease in the effective base width W. Also the d) None of the mentioned
saturation current is inversely proportional to the width, the View Answer
saturation current will increase and also makes collector current Answer: c
increases proportionally. This is the Early Effect. For the reasons Explanation: The base current and the collector current are
mentioned above, it is also known as the base-width modulation directly proportional to each other and the potential difference
effect. between the collector and the base is always less than 0.4 V.
9. For the BJT to operate in active mode Collector-Base junction 5. Which of the following is true for the saturation region of BJT
must be transistor?
a) Heavily doped a) The collector current is inversely proportional to the base
b) Must reversed bias current
c) Must be forward bias b) The collector current is proportional to the square root of the
d) Lightly doped collector current
View Answer c) The natural logarithm of the collector current is directly
Answer: b proportional to the base current
Explanation: The BJT operates in active mode when the collector- d) None of the mentioned
Base junction is reversed bias. Also doping cannot prevent View Answer
saturation of the transistor. Answer: b
10. Collector current (Ic) reaches zero when Explanation: The collector current is directly proportional to the
a) Vce = Vt ln (Isc/I) base current in the saturation region of the BJT.
b) Vt = Vce ln (Isc/I) 6. Which of the following is true for a npn transistor in the
c) Vce = Vt ln (I/Isc) saturation region?
d) Vce = Vt ln (Isc + I/I) a) The potential difference between the collector and the base is
View Answer approximately 0.2V
Answer: a b) The potential difference between the collector and the base is
Explanation: Ic = Is exp (Vbe/Vt) – Isc exp(Vbc/Vt). In this approximately 0.3V
expression put ic = 0 and simplify. c) The potential difference between the collector and the base is
1. Which of the following condition is true for cut-off mode? approximately 0.4V
a) The collector current Is zero d) The potential difference between the collector and the base is
b) The collector current is proportional to the base current approximately 0.5V
c) The base current is non zero View Answer
d) All of the mentioned Answer: d
View Answer Explanation: The commonly used npn transistors have a potential
Answer: a difference of around 0.5V between he collector and the base.
Explanation: The base current as well as the collector current are 7. The potential difference between the base and the collector Vcb
zero in cut-off mode. in a pnp transistor in saturation region is ________
2. Which of the following is true for the cut-off region in an npn a) -0.2 V
transistor? b) -0.5V
a) Potential difference between the emitter and the base is smaller c) 0.2 V
than 0.5V d) 0.5 V
b) Potential difference between the emitter and the base is View Answer
smaller than 0.4V Answer: b
c) The collector current increases with the increase in the base Explanation: The value of Vcb is -0.5V for a pnp transistor and 0.5V
current for an npn transistor.
d) The collector current is always zero and the base current is 8. For a pnp transistor in the active region the value of Vce
always non zero (potential difference between the collector and the base) is
View Answer a) Less than 0.3V
Answer: b b) Less than 3V
Explanation: Both collector and emitter current are zero in cut-off c) Greater than 0.3V
region. d) Greater than 3V
View Answer
Answer: a 3. For the amplifier circuit in the below figure with Vcc = +10 V, Rc
Explanation: For a pnp transistor Vce is less than 0.3V, for an npn = 1 kΩ and the DC collector bias current equal to Ic. Find the
transistor it is greater than 0.3V. voltage gain.
9. Which of the following is true for a pnp transistor in active a) 100 Ic
region? b) 200 Ic
a) CB junction is reversed bias and the EB junction is forward bias c) 400 Ic
b) CB junction is forward bias and the EB junction is forward bias d) 800 Ic
c) CB junction is forward bias and the EB junction is reverse bias View Answer
d) CB junction is reversed bias and the EB junction is reverse bias Answer: c
View Answer Explanation:
Answer: a
Explanation: Whether the transistor in npn or pnp, for it be in
active region the EB junction must be reversed bias the CB
junction must be forward bias.
10. Which of the following is true for a pnp transistor in saturation
region?
a) CB junction is reversed bias and the EB junction is forward bias
b) CB junction is forward bias and the EB junction is forward bias
c) CB junction is forward bias and the EB junction is reverse bias
d) CB junction is reversed bias and the EB junction is reverse bias
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Whether the transistor in npn or pnp, for it be in
saturation region the EB junction must be forward bias the CB
junction must be forward bias.
1. Find the maximum allowed output negative swing without the
transistor entering saturation, and 4. For the amplifier circuit in the below figure with Vcc = +10 V, Rc
a) 1.27 mV = 1 kΩ and the DC collector bias current equal to Ic. The maximum
b) 1.47 mV possible positive output signal swing as determined by the need to
c) 1.67 mV keep the transistor in the active region.
d) 1.87 mV a) 9.7 + Ic
View Answer b) 9.7 – Ic
Answer: d c) 10.3 + Ic
Explanation: d) 10.3 – Ic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Assuming the output voltage Vo = 0.3v is the lowest
Vce to stay out of saturation.
Vo = 0.3 = 10 – IcRc
= 10 – IcRc + ∆Vo
∆ Vo = -10 + 0.3 + Ic*1.
5. For the amplifier circuit in the below figure with Vcc = +10 V, Rc
= 1 kΩ and the DC collector bias current equal to Ic. The maximum
possible negative output signal swing as determined by the need
to keep the transistor in the active region.
a) 0.1 Ic
b) Ic
c) 10 Ic
d) 100 Ic
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum output voltage before the Transistor is
cutoff.
Vce + ∆Vo = Vcc
∆Vo = Vcc – Vce
= 10 – 10 + 10 Ic
7. For a BJt Vt is 5 V, Rc = 1000 ohm and bias current Ic is 12 mA.
The value of the voltage gain is __________
2. The corresponding maximum input signal permitted is a) -1.2 V/V
a) 1.64 mV b) -2.4 V/V
b) 1.74 mV c) -3.6 V/V
c) 1.84 mV d) -4.8 V/V
d) 1.94 mV View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: d Explanation: Voltage gain is (Ic X Rc) / Vt.
Explanation: If we assume linear operation right to saturation we 8. For the BJT amplifier circuit with Vcc = +10 V, Rc = 1 kΩ and the
can use the gain Av to calculate the maximum input signal. Thus DC collector bias current equal to 5 mA. The value of the voltage
for an output swing ∆ Vo = 0.8 we have gain is _______________
∆ Vi = ∆ Vo / Av = -0.7 / -360 = 1.94 mV. a) -2 V/V
b) -4 V/V
c) -10 V/V Answer: b
d) -20 V/V Explanation: The internal pinch off voltage is directly proportional
View Answer to the channel thickness. If the channel thickness increases, the
Answer: a pinch off voltage increases.
Explanation: The voltage is 400 X Ic where Ic is 5 mA. 5. If the doping concentration of the gate increases, the internal
9. For the BJT amplifier circuit with Vcc = +10 V, Rc = 1 kΩ and the pinch-off voltage ___________
DC collector bias current equal to 5 mA. The maximum possible a) Increases logarithmically
positive output signal swing as determined by the need to keep b) Increases linearly
the transistor in the active region. c) Increases exponentially
a) -1.7 V d) Decreases linearly
b) -2.7 V View Answer
c) -3.7 V Answer: b
d) -4.7 V Explanation: The internal pinch-off voltage is linearly proportional
View Answer to the doping concentration. Hence, it would increase with the
Answer: d increase in the doping concentration. The built-in-barrier potential
Explanation: The maximum voltage swing is given by -10 + 0.3 + (Ic is logarithmically proportional to the doping concentration of the
X Rc). Putting Ic as 5 mA, we get -4.7 mV. gate.
10. For the BJT amplifier circuit with Vcc = +10 V, Rc = 1 kΩ and the 6. The cut-off frequency of a JFET is that time when the magnitude
DC collector bias current equal to 5 mA. The maximum possible of the input current is ___________
negative output signal swing as determined by the need to keep a) Greater than the output current
the transistor in the active region. b) Less than the output current
a) 0.5 V c) Equal to the output current
b) 1 V d) Twice the output current
c) 5 V View Answer
d) 10 V Answer: c
View Answer Explanation: The cut-off frequency is an important feature of the
Answer: c JFET due to the present of capacitive effects. It has been seen that
Explanation: It is given by -10 + 10 + (Ic X Rc). Putting Ic as 5 mA we the output current becomes a function of frequency in high-
get 5V. frequency applications and hence we have to choose a cut-off
1. JFET is a ______ carrier device. frequency so that the output current is equal to the input current.
a) Unipolar 7. The cut-off frequency of a JFET is ___________
b) Bipolar a) linearly related to the transconductance of the JFET
c) Minority b) inversely proportional to the transconductance of the JFET
d) Majority c) exponentially related to the transconductance of the JFET
View Answer d) logarithmically related to the transconductance of the JFET
Answer: d View Answer
Explanation: The current flow in the device is due to majority Answer: a
carriers. In an n-type JFET, it is due to the electrons and in a p-type Explanation: The cut-off frequency is seen to be linearly related to
JFET- it is due to the holes. the transconductance of the JFET. This is typically due to the
2. The n-channel JFET, the pinch off voltage is ______________ reactance of the capacitors.
a) not greater than 0 8. How is the transconductance at saturation related to the pinch
b) greater than or equal to 0 off voltage of the JFET?
c) less than or equal to 0 a) Inversely proportional
d) not less than 0 b) Directly proportional
View Answer c) Inverse-squarely related
Answer: a d) Directly and proportional to square of the pinch-off voltage
Explanation: The pinch off voltage for an N-channel JFET is View Answer
negative. The depletion region would extend into the N-channel if Answer: a
the reverse bias in the gate to source voltage increases which Explanation: The transconductance is seen to be inversely related
means that the gate to source voltage has to be negative since the to the pinch of voltage. The transconductance is seen to be
gate is N-type. inversely related to the channel length while the pinch off voltage
3. The built-in barrier potential in a N-channel JFET is ___________ is directly proportional to the channel length.
a) less than the internal pinch-off voltage 9. When an N-channel JFET reaches pinch-off, the increase in the
b) equal to the internal pinch-off voltage drain to source voltage results in shifting of the pinch-off position
c) greater than the internal pinch-off voltage towards the ___________
d) not related to the internal pinch-off voltage a) Gate
View Answer b) Drain
Answer: a c) Source
Explanation: Pinch-off would require more voltage than the d) Does not shift
voltage required to establish the p-n barrier voltage. This is View Answer
evident from the dependence of such voltage on the doping Answer: c
concentration. Explanation: Pinch off is said to be reached if the drain to source
4. If channel thickness increases, the internal pinch-off voltage voltage is equal to the difference between the gate to source and
___________ the threshold voltage. So, this pinch off happens at a certain
a) Decreases distance from the source and the gradual decrease in the channel
b) Increases length will happen faster if the voltage along the channel length
c) Remains the same increases faster. It can be readily observed that equality is reached
d) Increases logarithmically at a distance less than the previous case and hence the pinch-off is
View Answer shifted towards the source.
10. An N-channel JFET is ___________ d) Both P and Q are incorrect
a) Always ON View Answer
b) Always OFF Answer: c
c) Enhancement mode JFET Explanation: While transistors are biased to work in the active
d) Has a p-type substrate region, to act as amplifiers, FET devices are instead biased in the
View Answer saturation region to work as an amplifier, whether it be a JFET or a
Answer: a MOSFET. In saturation, current IDS changes with respect to VGS, and
Explanation: An N-channel is always ON depletion mode JFET since small changes in VGS cause proportionate changes in IDS, and the
the channel for current flow from source to drain is always device can act as an amplifie
present. This is in contrast to a P-channel JFET which needs to be 5. To bias a e-MOSFET ___________
provided with a channel for the flow of current. a) we can use either gate bias or a voltage divider bias circuit
11. A P-channel JFET is___________ b) we can use either gate bias or a self bias circuit
a) Always ON c) we can use either self bias or a voltage divider bias circuit
b) Always OFF d) we can use any type of bias circuit
c) Depletion mode JFET View Answer
d) Has an n-type substrate Answer: a
View Answer Explanation: To bias an e-MOSFET, we cannot use a self bias circuit
Answer: b because the gate to source voltage for such a circuit is zero. Thus,
Explanation: The P-channel JFET doesn’t have a built-in channel for no channel is formed and without the channel, the MOSFET
the flow of current. This is because the conduction in a P-channel doesn’t work properly. If self bias circuit is used, then D-MOSFET
JFET can begin after a certain voltage is applied at the gate which can be operated in depletion mode.
would lead to widening the channel between the source and the 1. In boolean algebra, the OR operation is performed by which
drain. properties?
12. How is the metallurgical channel thickness between the gate a) Associative properties
and the substrate related to the doping concentration of the b) Commutative properties
channel? c) Distributive properties
a) Inversely proportional to the square root of the doping d) All of the Mentioned
concentration View Answer
b) Logarithmically related to the square root of the doping Answer: d
concentration Explanation: The expression for Associative property is given by
c) Directly proportional to the square root of the doping A+(B+C) = (A+B)+C & A*(B*C) = (A*B)*C.
concentration The expression for Commutative property is given by A+B = B+A &
d) Exponentially related to the square root of the doping A*B = B*A.
concentration The expression for Distributive property is given by
View Answer A+BC=(A+B)(A+C) & A(B+C) = AB+AC.
Answer: a 2. The expression for Absorption law is given by _________
Explanation: The channel thickness is inversely related to the a) A + AB = A
square root of the doping concentration of the channel. This is 4. b) A + AB = B
The involution of A is equal to _________ c) AB + AA’ = A
a) A d) A + B = B + A
b) A’ View Answer
c) 1 Answer: a
d) 0 Explanation: The expression for Absorption Law is given by: A+AB
View Answer = A.
Proof: A + AB = A(1+B) = A (Since 1 + B = 1 as per 1’s Property).
Answer: a 3. According to boolean law: A + 1 = ?
Explanation: The involution of A means double inversion of A (i.e. a) 1
A”) and is equal to A. b) A
Proof: ((A)’)’ = A c) 0
5. A(A + B) = ? d) A’
a) AB View Answer
b) 1 Answer: a
c) (1 + AB) Explanation: A + 1 = 1, as per 1’s Property.
d) A 6. DeMorgan’s theorem states that _________
View Answer a) (AB)’ = A’ + B’
Answer: d b) (A + B)’ = A’ * B
Explanation: A(A + B) = AA + AB (By Distributive Property) = A + AB c) A’ + B’ = A’B’
(A.A = A By Commutative Property) = A(1 + B) = A*1 (1 + B = 1 by d) (AB)’ = A’ + B
1’s Property) = A. View Answer
because the electric field developed is proportional to the channel Answer: a
doping concentration while the relation between the potential, Explanation: The DeMorgan’s law states that (AB)’ = A’ + B’ & (A +
electric field and doping concentration is visible from the Poisson’s B)’ = A’ * B’, as per the Dual Property.
equation. 7. (A + B)(A’ * B’) = ?
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Analog Cir a) 1
1. Which of the following statements are true? b) 0
P: JFET is biased to operate it in active region c) AB
Q: MOSFET is biased to operate it in saturation region d) AB’
a) Both P and Q are correct View Answer
b) P is correct and Q is incorrect
c) P is incorrect and Q is correct
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: The DeMorgan’s law states that (AB)’ = A’ + B’ & (A + Explanation: The advantage of 2’s complement is that only one
B)’ = A’ * B’, as per the Dual Property. arithmetic operation is required for 2’s complement’s operation
8. Complement of the expression A’B + CD’ is _________ and that is only addition. Just by adding a 1 bit to 1’s complement,
a) (A’ + B)(C’ + D) we get 2’s complement.
b) (A + B’)(C’ + D) 7. The 1’s complements requires _________
c) (A’ + B)(C’ + D) a) One operation
d) (A + B’)(C + D’) b) Two operations
View Answer c) Three operations
Answer: b d) Combined Operations
Explanation: (A’B + CD’)’ = (A’B)'(CD’)’ (By DeMorgan’s Theorem) = View Answer
(A” + B’)(C’ + D”) (By DeMorgan’s Theorem) = (A + B’)(C’ + D). Answer: a
9. Simplify Y = AB’ + (A’ + B)C. Explanation: Only one operation is required for 1’s complement
a) AB’ + C operation. This includes only inversion of 1’s to 0’s and 0’s to 1’s.
b) AB + AC 8. Which one is used for logical manipulations?
c) A’B + AC’ a) 2’s complement
d) AB + A b) 9’s complement
View Answer c) 1’s complement
Answer: a d) 10’s complement
Explanation: Y = AB’ + (A’ + B)C = AB’ + (AB’)’C = (AB’ + C)( AB’ + View Answer
AB’) = (AB’ + C).1 = (AB’ + C). Answer: c
10. The boolean function A + BC is a reduced form of Explanation: For logical manipulations, 1’s complement is used, as
____________ all logical operations take place with binary numbers.
a) AB + BC 9. For arithmetic operations only _________
b) (A + B)(A + C) a) 1’s complement is used
c) A’B + AB’C b) 2’s complement
d) (A + C)B c) 10’s complement
View Answer d) 9’s complement
Answer: b View Answer
Explanation: (A + B)(A + C) = AA + AC + AB + BC = A + AC + AB + BC Answer: b
(By Commutative Property) = A(1 + C + B) + BC = A + BC (1 + B + C Explanation: Only 2’s complement is used for arithmetic
=1 By 1’s Property). operations, as it is more fast.
1. The logical sum of two or more logical product terms is called 10. The addition of +19 and +43 results as _________ in 2’s
__________ complement system.
a) SOP a) 11001010
b) POS b) 101011010
c) OR operation c) 00101010
d) NAND operation d) 111110
View Answer View Answer
Answer: a Answer: d
Explanation: The logical sum of two or more logical product terms, Explanation: The decimal numbers are converted to their
is called SOP (i.e. sum of product). The logical product of two or respective binary equivalent and then the binary addition rules are
more logical sum terms is called POS (i.e. product of sums). applied.
2. The expression Y=AB+BC+AC shows the _________ operation. 6. Multiply out the Boolean expression (A’ + B).(A’ + C).(A’ + D).
a) EX-OR a) A’ + B.C.D
b) SOP b) A’ + B.C.D’
c) POS c) A’ + B.C + D
d) NOR d) A’ + B + C + D
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: The given expression has the operation product as Explanation: The steps to derive the solution are given below.
well as the sum of that. So, it shows SOP operation. POS will be Using Distributive law, (X + Y).(X + Z) = X + YZ
the product of sum terms. = (A’ + B).(A’ + C).(A’ + D)
3. The expression Y=(A+B)(B+C)(C+A) shows the _________ = A’ + B.C.D
operation. 7. Multiply out the Boolean expression (A + B).(A + C).(A + D).
a) AND a) A + B.C.D
b) POS b) A + B.C.D’
c) SOP c) A + B.C + D
d) NAND d) A + B + C + D
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: The given expression has the operation sum as well Explanation: The steps to derive the solution are given below.
as the product of that. So, it shows POS(product of sum) Using Distributive law, (X + Y).(X + Z) = X + YZ
operation. SOP will be the sum of product terms. = (A + B).(A + C).(A + D)
a) Only one arithmetic operation is required = A + B.C.D
b) Two arithmetic operations are required 8. Multiply out the Boolean expression (A + B’).(A + C’).(A + D’).
c) No arithmetic operations are required a) A + B’.C’.D’
d) Different Arithmetic operations are required b) A + B.C.D
View Answer c) A + B.C’ + D’
d) A + B + C + D
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The steps to derive the solution are given below.
Using Distributive law, (X + Y).(X + Z) = X + YZ
= (A + B’).(A + C’).(A + D’)
= A + B’.C’.D’
9. Multiply out the Boolean expression (A + B).(A + C).(A + D’).
a) A + B.C.D’
b) A + B.C.D
c) A + B.C’ + D’
d) A + B + C + D
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The steps to derive the solution are given below.
Using Distributive law, (X + Y).(X + Z) = X + YZ
= (A + B).(A + C).(A + D’)
= A + B.C.D’
10. Multiply out the Boolean expression (A + B).(A + C’).(A + D).
a) A + B.C’.D
b) A + B.C.D
c) A + B.C’ + D’
d) A + B + C + D
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The steps to derive the solution are given below.
Using Distributive law, (X + Y).(X + Z) = X + YZ
= (A + B).(A + C’).(A + D’)
= A + B.C’.D