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JDBC SQL Commands Cheat Sheet
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🔄 CRUD Operations
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1. INSERT INTO - Add new record to a table
Example:
INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 25);
2. SELECT - Retrieve data from a table
Example:
SELECT * FROM users;
3. UPDATE - Modify existing record
Example:
UPDATE users SET age = 26 WHERE name = 'Alice';
4. DELETE - Remove a record
Example:
DELETE FROM users WHERE name = 'Alice';
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📄 Table Structure Commands
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5. CREATE TABLE - Create a new table
Example:
CREATE TABLE users (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100), age INT);
6. ALTER TABLE - Modify an existing table
Example:
ALTER TABLE users ADD email VARCHAR(100);
7. DROP TABLE - Delete a table entirely
Example:
DROP TABLE users;
8. TRUNCATE TABLE - Delete all records but keep structure
Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE users;
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🔍 Filtering Data
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9. WHERE - Filter records
Example:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 25;
10. AND / OR - Combine conditions
Example:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 25 AND city = 'Delhi';
11. BETWEEN - Range filter
Example:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE age BETWEEN 20 AND 30;
12. IN - Match any from list
Example:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE city IN ('Delhi', 'Mumbai');
13. LIKE - Pattern matching
Example:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'A%';
14. IS NULL / IS NOT NULL - Check for nulls
Example:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE email IS NULL;
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🧩 Joins
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15. INNER JOIN - Match records from both tables
Example:
SELECT u.name, o.amount FROM users u INNER JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id;
16. LEFT JOIN - All records from left + matching right
Example:
SELECT u.name, o.amount FROM users u LEFT JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id;
17. RIGHT JOIN - All records from right + matching left
Example:
SELECT u.name, o.amount FROM users u RIGHT JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id;
18. FULL OUTER JOIN - All records from both sides
Example:
SELECT u.name, o.amount FROM users u FULL OUTER JOIN orders o ON u.id =
o.user_id;
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📊 Grouping & Aggregation
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19. GROUP BY - Group rows
Example:
SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department;
20. HAVING - Filter after grouping
Example:
SELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*)
> 5;
21. COUNT() - Count records
Example:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;
22. SUM() - Total of column values
Example:
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;
23. AVG() - Average of column values
Example:
SELECT AVG(age) FROM users;
24. MAX() / MIN() - Max/Min values
Example:
SELECT MAX(salary), MIN(salary) FROM employees;
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🎯 Sorting & Limiting
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25. ORDER BY - Sort records
Example:
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age DESC;
26. LIMIT - Restrict number of rows
Example:
SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10;
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🧾 Transactions
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27. BEGIN / START TRANSACTION - Start transaction
(Handled in JDBC via conn.setAutoCommit(false))
28. COMMIT - Save changes
(In JDBC: conn.commit();)
29. ROLLBACK - Undo changes
(In JDBC: conn.rollback();)
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End of JDBC SQL Commands Summary
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