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Math Notes

This document provides a concise set of Mathematics notes covering key topics such as Algebra, Statistics, Geometry, Mensuration, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Number Systems, Polynomials, and Progressions. It includes essential formulas and concepts organized for effective revision, suitable for two exam papers' worth of content. Additionally, it offers a quick formulas cheat sheet and mentions the availability of PDF format or sample problems for practice.

Uploaded by

Sai Ram Varma
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views6 pages

Math Notes

This document provides a concise set of Mathematics notes covering key topics such as Algebra, Statistics, Geometry, Mensuration, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Number Systems, Polynomials, and Progressions. It includes essential formulas and concepts organized for effective revision, suitable for two exam papers' worth of content. Additionally, it offers a quick formulas cheat sheet and mentions the availability of PDF format or sample problems for practice.

Uploaded by

Sai Ram Varma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sure!

Here's a concise set of Mathematics notes covering important topics, formulas, and
concepts — enough to fill two exam papers' worth of content. Organized and ready for
revision:

🧮 MATH NOTES (Concise – 2 Papers Worth)


📐 1. Algebra
●​ Linear Equation (1 variable):​
ax + b = 0 → x = -b/a​

●​ Quadratic Equation:​
ax² + bx + c = 0​
Roots: x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)] / 2a​

●​ Factorization:​
Use identities:​

○​ (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²​

○​ (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²​

○​ a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)​

📊 2. Statistics & Probability


●​ Mean = (Sum of all values) / (Total no. of values)​

●​ Median = Middle value (or average of 2 middle values)​

●​ Mode = Most frequent value​

●​ Probability = (Favorable outcomes) / (Total outcomes)​


○​ Always between 0 and 1.​

📏 3. Geometry
●​ Sum of angles in triangle = 180°​

●​ Exterior angle of triangle = sum of opposite interior angles​

●​ Circle:​

○​ Circumference = 2πr​

○​ Area = πr²​

●​ Area & Perimeter:​

○​ Rectangle: A = l × b, P = 2(l + b)​

○​ Square: A = a², P = 4a​

○​ Triangle: A = ½ × base × height​

📉 4. Mensuration (3D Geometry)


Shape Surface Area Volume

Cube 6a² a³

Cuboid 2(lb + bh + l × b ×
hl) h
Sphere 4πr² (4/3)πr³

Cylinder 2πr(h + r) πr²h

Cone πr(l + r) (1/3)πr²


h

📈 5. Coordinate Geometry
●​ Distance Formula:​
d = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]​

●​ Midpoint Formula:​
M = [(x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2]​

●​ Section Formula (internal):​


[(mx₂ + nx₁)/(m + n), (my₂ + ny₁)/(m + n)]​

🧮 6. Trigonometry (Basics)
●​ Ratios:​

○​ sin θ = Opp/Hyp, cos θ = Adj/Hyp, tan θ = Opp/Adj​

○​ tan θ = sin θ / cos θ​

●​ Values (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°):​


θ sin cos tan θ
θ θ

0° 0 1 0

30° ½ √3/2 1/√3

45° 1/√2 1/√2 1

60° √3/2 ½ √3

90° 1 0 ∞

➗ 7. Number System
●​ Types:​

○​ Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, ...​

○​ Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, ...​

○​ Integers: ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...​

○​ Rational: p/q where q ≠ 0​

○​ Irrational: Non-terminating, non-repeating decimals (e.g., √2, π)​

●​ Divisibility Rules:​

○​ 2: Even last digit​

○​ 3: Sum of digits divisible by 3​


○​ 5: Ends in 0 or 5​

○​ 9: Sum of digits divisible by 9​

📐 8. Polynomials
●​ Degree: Highest exponent​

●​ Zeros: Values for which polynomial = 0​

●​ Relations (Quadratic):​

○​ Sum of roots = -b/a​

○​ Product of roots = c/a​

➕ 9. Arithmetic & Geometry Progressions


●​ AP:​

○​ nth term: a = a + (n - 1)d​

○​ Sum: S = n/2 [2a + (n - 1)d]​

●​ GP:​

○​ nth term: a = arⁿ⁻¹​

○​ Sum (finite): S = a(1 - rⁿ)/(1 - r) if r ≠ 1​

🧠 Quick Formulas Cheat Sheet


●​ (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²​
●​ (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²​

●​ a² - b² = (a + b)(a - b)​

●​ (x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab​

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